Article(id=1149768939057627233, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149768937925165147, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2404931, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1719849600000, receivedDateStr=2024-07-02, revisedDate=1732377600000, revisedDateStr=2024-11-24, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752055876744, onlineDateStr=2025-07-09, pubDate=1748361600000, pubDateStr=2025-05-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752055876744, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752055876744, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752055876744, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1149768937925165147, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2025', volume='25', issue='15', pageStart='6155', pageEnd='6586', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1752055876475, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768456822194, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1218559490207699090, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149768937925165147, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1218559490211893395, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149768937925165147, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=6501, endPage=6509, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149768939401560163, articleId=1149768939057627233, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=Macro Properties and Micro Void Structure of Cement Stabilized Macadam Mixture in Cold Regions, columnId=1156262728772735295, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Papers·Traffics and Transportations, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to study the effect of low temperature on mechanical properties, fatigue properties and frost resistance of cement stabilized crushed stone mixture in cold area. Using 5 ℃, 10 ℃, 15 ℃ to simulate the field low temperature curing condition, based on the mechanical properties test, three-point loading fatigue test and freeze-thaw cycle test, the differences of unconfined compressive strength, flexural tensile strength, dynamic resilience modulus, fatigue resistance and anti-freezing durability of cement stabilized gravel mixture under low temperature curing condition, 20 ℃ standard curing condition and 30 ℃ curing condition were compared. The effect of curing temperature on the attenuation law of microvoid structure of cement-stabilized crushed stone mixture during freeze-thaw cycle test was studied. The results show that, compared with the standard curing temperature (20 ℃), the mechanical properties of cement stabilized macadam mixture decrease by 20%~40% and the fatigue life decrease by 40%~50% under the condition of 5~10 ℃. Low temperature curing has a significant deterioration effect on the mechanical properties, fatigue properties and anti-freezing properties of cement stabilized macadam mixture. The greater the decrease of mechanical properties and fatigue characteristics of cement stabilized crushed stone mixture. Increasing the curing temperature is helpful to reduce the decay rate of micro void diameter after freeze-thaw cycle, increase the stability of the void structure of cement stabilized gravel mixture and refine the micro void structure during the freeze-thaw cycle test, and thus increase the mechanical properties, fatigue durability and frost resistance of cement stabilized gravel mixture.

, correspAuthors=Hao-shuang NIU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Han XIAO, Yong TANG, Hao LI, Ze-zhong YANG, De-lin FAN, Hao-shuang NIU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1149768954819821795, articleId=1149768939057627233, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=CN, title=寒区低温环境水泥稳定碎石混合料宏观性能与微细观空隙结构, columnId=1156262730664366426, journalTitle=科学技术与工程, columnName=论文·交通运输, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为了研究寒区低温养生温度对水泥稳定碎石混合料力学性能、疲劳特性与抗冻性能的劣化影响规律。采用5、10、15 ℃模拟现场低温养生条件,基于力学性能试验、三分点加载疲劳试验和冻融循环试验对比分析低温养生、20 ℃标准养生和30 ℃养生条件下水泥稳定碎石混合料的无侧限抗压强度、弯拉强度、动态回弹模量及抗疲劳性能与抗冻耐久性能差异,研究了养生温度对冻融循环试验过程中水泥稳定碎石混合料微细观空隙结构衰减规律的影响,建立了水泥稳定碎石混合料微细观空隙结构与力学性能和疲劳性能的相关性。结果表明,相较于标准养生温度(20 ℃),5~10 ℃养生条件下,水泥稳定碎石混合料的力学性能下降幅度可达20%~40%,疲劳寿命降低了40%~50%,低温养生对水泥稳定碎石混合料力学性能、疲劳特性和抗冻性能有显著劣化影响,且养生温度越低,水泥稳定碎石混合料力学性能和疲劳特性下降幅度越大;提高养生温度有助于降低冻融循环后微细观空隙直径衰减速率,增加冻融循环试验过程中水泥稳定碎石混合料空隙结构的稳定和细化微细观空隙结构,从而增加了水泥稳定碎石混合料的力学性能、抗疲劳耐久性能与抗冻性。

, correspAuthors=牛豪爽, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 牛豪爽(1994—)男,汉族,河南焦作人,博士(后),讲师。研究方向:路基路面材料。E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=+gBH91tRmLTeTf7rJ4DxvA==, magXml=WyaVGr0f8Vl8z5/6LSKNJQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=pNC2ZS/9N05arEszxdCvGw==, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=keP00AAbwk/cOVS49XVslA==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

肖寒(1988—)男,汉族,四川成都人,硕士,高级工程师。研究方向:房建和市政施工技术。E-mail:

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肖寒(1988—)男,汉族,四川成都人,硕士,高级工程师。研究方向:房建和市政施工技术。E-mail:

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肖寒(1988—)男,汉族,四川成都人,硕士,高级工程师。研究方向:房建和市政施工技术。E-mail:

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Meso-microscopic void distribution characteristics of emulsified asphalt cold recycled mixture with different cement contents[J]. Highway and Transportation Science and Technology, 2016, 33(7): 27-34., articleTitle=Meso-microscopic void distribution characteristics of emulsified asphalt cold recycled mixture with different cement contents, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1172924082472497259, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768939057627233, awardId=42372331, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金面上项目(42372331), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1172924074373297141, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768939057627233, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1172924074398462966, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768939057627233, companyId=1172924074373297141, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 China Communications First Public Bureau Southwest Engineering Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610031, China), 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frost resistance durability, figureFileSmall=nJ+X65C4/ZEDwNtSbMMoug==, figureFileBig=iFBBUcrMPVdUx6hm5/S0TA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172924079867834446, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768939057627233, language=CN, label=图4, caption=抗冻耐久性试验结果, figureFileSmall=nJ+X65C4/ZEDwNtSbMMoug==, figureFileBig=iFBBUcrMPVdUx6hm5/S0TA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172924079930749006, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768939057627233, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Micro void diameter expected value, figureFileSmall=S2g44ZKjRSqK8AkzttTauA==, figureFileBig=j2u2EDMS39xvrhBBbhlJ7A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172924080035606608, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768939057627233, language=CN, label=图5, caption=微细观空隙直径期望值, figureFileSmall=S2g44ZKjRSqK8AkzttTauA==, figureFileBig=j2u2EDMS39xvrhBBbhlJ7A==, tableContent=null), 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tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172924080467619925, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768939057627233, language=CN, label=图7, caption=冻融循环作用后微细观空隙结构与宏观性能之间的拟合关系, figureFileSmall=RzHU2Zl0wNkROYLbzZapbA==, figureFileBig=D8Dx1YQTQM0n7REyfHIWyQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172924080627003479, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768939057627233, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Technical specifications of cement

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验项目 烧失量/% 初凝时间/h 终凝时间/h 抗压强度/MPa 抗折强度/MPa
3 d 28 d 3 d 28 d
试验结果 2.11 3.5 8.5 18.7 43.1 4.5 7.1
技术要求 ≤5.0 ≥3.0 >6且<10 ≥17 ≥42.5 ≥4.0 ≥6.5
), ArticleFig(id=1172924080945770585, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768939057627233, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

水泥技术性能

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验项目 烧失量/% 初凝时间/h 终凝时间/h 抗压强度/MPa 抗折强度/MPa
3 d 28 d 3 d 28 d
试验结果 2.11 3.5 8.5 18.7 43.1 4.5 7.1
技术要求 ≤5.0 ≥3.0 >6且<10 ≥17 ≥42.5 ≥4.0 ≥6.5
), ArticleFig(id=1172924081147097179, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768939057627233, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Main technical properties of coarse

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
集料类型 试验指标 试验结果 技术要求

粗集料
压碎值/% 14.2 ≤22
针片状含量/% 11.2 ≤18
软石含量/% 1.4 ≤3

细集料
塑性指数 12.7 ≤17
有机质含量/% <0.1 <2
硫酸盐含量/% <0.1 ≤0.25
), ArticleFig(id=1172924081281314909, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768939057627233, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

集料技术性能

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
集料类型 试验指标 试验结果 技术要求

粗集料
压碎值/% 14.2 ≤22
针片状含量/% 11.2 ≤18
软石含量/% 1.4 ≤3

细集料
塑性指数 12.7 ≤17
有机质含量/% <0.1 <2
硫酸盐含量/% <0.1 ≤0.25
), ArticleFig(id=1172924081411338336, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768939057627233, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Gradation

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
筛孔尺寸 /mm 通过率/% 合成级配/% 规范要求/%
20~30 mm 10~20 mm 5~10 mm 0~5 mm
31.5 100 100 100 100 100.0 100
19 1.8 100 100 100 75.5 68~86
9.5 0 15.7 100 100 56.5 38~58
4.75 0 8.3 98.3 28.7 22~32
2.36 1.1 72.1 19.8 16~28
0.6 0 32.5 8.8 8~15
0.075 6.4 1.7 0~3
配比/% 25 22 26 27
), ArticleFig(id=1172924081583304802, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768939057627233, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

矿料级配

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
筛孔尺寸 /mm 通过率/% 合成级配/% 规范要求/%
20~30 mm 10~20 mm 5~10 mm 0~5 mm
31.5 100 100 100 100 100.0 100
19 1.8 100 100 100 75.5 68~86
9.5 0 15.7 100 100 56.5 38~58
4.75 0 8.3 98.3 28.7 22~32
2.36 1.1 72.1 19.8 16~28
0.6 0 32.5 8.8 8~15
0.075 6.4 1.7 0~3
配比/% 25 22 26 27
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Fatigue test results

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
养生温度/% 应力水平 疲劳寿命/次
均值
5 0.60 442 623 399 535 366 696 338 744 442 623
0.65 95 105 88 743 91 233 69 988 95 105
0.70 18 824 24 997 15 944 18 765 18 824
0.75 3 545 3 111 2 884 3 444 3 545
10 0.60 516 544 526 690 471 117 459 982 516 544
0.65 109 334 119 833 94 443 91 245 109 334
0.70 26 108 28 887 22 456 25 563 26 108
0.75 4 827 5 110 4 887 4 555 4 827
15 0.60 583 765 612 244 569 875 680 983 583 765
0.65 129 117 144 408 119 994 159 844 129 117
0.70 35 822 32 983 39 873 29 833 35 822
0.75 6 763 6 998 6 509 6 123 6 763
20 0.60 708 474 733 094 774 440 677 779 708 474
0.65 150 964 178 744 188 983 166 763 150 964
0.70 42 550 45 909 51 111 39 998 42 550
0.75 8 678 8 873 8 733 8 387 8 678
30 0.60 771 057 816 119 789 444 764 499 771 057
0.65 179 482 229 833 209 333 188 839 179 482
0.70 65 910 60 983 48 894 55 984 65 910
0.75 11 077 10 934 10 219 11 752 11 077
), ArticleFig(id=1172924081931432039, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768939057627233, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

弯拉疲劳试验结果

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养生温度/% 应力水平 疲劳寿命/次
均值
5 0.60 442 623 399 535 366 696 338 744 442 623
0.65 95 105 88 743 91 233 69 988 95 105
0.70 18 824 24 997 15 944 18 765 18 824
0.75 3 545 3 111 2 884 3 444 3 545
10 0.60 516 544 526 690 471 117 459 982 516 544
0.65 109 334 119 833 94 443 91 245 109 334
0.70 26 108 28 887 22 456 25 563 26 108
0.75 4 827 5 110 4 887 4 555 4 827
15 0.60 583 765 612 244 569 875 680 983 583 765
0.65 129 117 144 408 119 994 159 844 129 117
0.70 35 822 32 983 39 873 29 833 35 822
0.75 6 763 6 998 6 509 6 123 6 763
20 0.60 708 474 733 094 774 440 677 779 708 474
0.65 150 964 178 744 188 983 166 763 150 964
0.70 42 550 45 909 51 111 39 998 42 550
0.75 8 678 8 873 8 733 8 387 8 678
30 0.60 771 057 816 119 789 444 764 499 771 057
0.65 179 482 229 833 209 333 188 839 179 482
0.70 65 910 60 983 48 894 55 984 65 910
0.75 11 077 10 934 10 219 11 752 11 077
), ArticleFig(id=1172924082128564327, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768939057627233, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Microscopic void gradation

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空隙体积
V/mm3
水泥稳定碎石混合料空隙级配/%
5 ℃ 10 ℃ 15 ℃ 20 ℃ 30 ℃
V≥100 0.616 0.552 0.488 0.432 0.427
50≤V<100 0.348 0.272 0.208 0.124 0.114
30≤V<50 0.832 0.772 0.632 0.209 0.19
20≤V<30 2.048 1.792 1.672 1.247 1.211
10≤V<20 2.952 2.716 2.616 2.589 2.494
5≤V<10 3.052 2.632 2.536 2.449 2.406
2≤V<5 4.312 3.696 3.128 3.525 3.183
1≤V<2 6.808 6.248 5.562 5.387 5.135
0.5≤V<1 7.296 7.243 6.812 5.795 5.471
0.1≤V<0.5 6.336 5.632 5.472 5.439 5.118
0.05≤V<0.1 8.568 9.072 9.228 9.392 9.433
V<0.05 56.832 59.373 61.646 63.412 64.818
), ArticleFig(id=1172924082258587753, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768939057627233, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

微细观空隙级配

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
空隙体积
V/mm3
水泥稳定碎石混合料空隙级配/%
5 ℃ 10 ℃ 15 ℃ 20 ℃ 30 ℃
V≥100 0.616 0.552 0.488 0.432 0.427
50≤V<100 0.348 0.272 0.208 0.124 0.114
30≤V<50 0.832 0.772 0.632 0.209 0.19
20≤V<30 2.048 1.792 1.672 1.247 1.211
10≤V<20 2.952 2.716 2.616 2.589 2.494
5≤V<10 3.052 2.632 2.536 2.449 2.406
2≤V<5 4.312 3.696 3.128 3.525 3.183
1≤V<2 6.808 6.248 5.562 5.387 5.135
0.5≤V<1 7.296 7.243 6.812 5.795 5.471
0.1≤V<0.5 6.336 5.632 5.472 5.439 5.118
0.05≤V<0.1 8.568 9.072 9.228 9.392 9.433
V<0.05 56.832 59.373 61.646 63.412 64.818
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寒区低温环境水泥稳定碎石混合料宏观性能与微细观空隙结构
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肖寒 1 , 唐勇 1 , 李浩 1 , 杨泽众 1 , 樊德林 1 , 牛豪爽 2, *
科学技术与工程 | 论文·交通运输 2025,25(15): 6501-6509
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科学技术与工程 | 论文·交通运输 2025, 25(15): 6501-6509
寒区低温环境水泥稳定碎石混合料宏观性能与微细观空隙结构
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肖寒1 , 唐勇1, 李浩1, 杨泽众1, 樊德林1, 牛豪爽2, *
作者信息
  • 1 中交一公局西南工程有限公司, 成都 610031
  • 2 河南理工大学土木工程学院, 焦作 454000
  • 肖寒(1988—)男,汉族,四川成都人,硕士,高级工程师。研究方向:房建和市政施工技术。E-mail:

通讯作者:

* 牛豪爽(1994—)男,汉族,河南焦作人,博士(后),讲师。研究方向:路基路面材料。E-mail:
Macro Properties and Micro Void Structure of Cement Stabilized Macadam Mixture in Cold Regions
Han XIAO1 , Yong TANG1, Hao LI1, Ze-zhong YANG1, De-lin FAN1, Hao-shuang NIU2, *
Affiliations
  • 1 China Communications First Public Bureau Southwest Engineering Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610031, China
  • 2 School of Civil Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China
出版时间: 2025-05-28 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2404931
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为了研究寒区低温养生温度对水泥稳定碎石混合料力学性能、疲劳特性与抗冻性能的劣化影响规律。采用5、10、15 ℃模拟现场低温养生条件,基于力学性能试验、三分点加载疲劳试验和冻融循环试验对比分析低温养生、20 ℃标准养生和30 ℃养生条件下水泥稳定碎石混合料的无侧限抗压强度、弯拉强度、动态回弹模量及抗疲劳性能与抗冻耐久性能差异,研究了养生温度对冻融循环试验过程中水泥稳定碎石混合料微细观空隙结构衰减规律的影响,建立了水泥稳定碎石混合料微细观空隙结构与力学性能和疲劳性能的相关性。结果表明,相较于标准养生温度(20 ℃),5~10 ℃养生条件下,水泥稳定碎石混合料的力学性能下降幅度可达20%~40%,疲劳寿命降低了40%~50%,低温养生对水泥稳定碎石混合料力学性能、疲劳特性和抗冻性能有显著劣化影响,且养生温度越低,水泥稳定碎石混合料力学性能和疲劳特性下降幅度越大;提高养生温度有助于降低冻融循环后微细观空隙直径衰减速率,增加冻融循环试验过程中水泥稳定碎石混合料空隙结构的稳定和细化微细观空隙结构,从而增加了水泥稳定碎石混合料的力学性能、抗疲劳耐久性能与抗冻性。

道路工程  /  水泥稳定碎石  /  养生温度  /  力学性能  /  疲劳性能  /  抗冻性能  /  微细观空隙结构

In order to study the effect of low temperature on mechanical properties, fatigue properties and frost resistance of cement stabilized crushed stone mixture in cold area. Using 5 ℃, 10 ℃, 15 ℃ to simulate the field low temperature curing condition, based on the mechanical properties test, three-point loading fatigue test and freeze-thaw cycle test, the differences of unconfined compressive strength, flexural tensile strength, dynamic resilience modulus, fatigue resistance and anti-freezing durability of cement stabilized gravel mixture under low temperature curing condition, 20 ℃ standard curing condition and 30 ℃ curing condition were compared. The effect of curing temperature on the attenuation law of microvoid structure of cement-stabilized crushed stone mixture during freeze-thaw cycle test was studied. The results show that, compared with the standard curing temperature (20 ℃), the mechanical properties of cement stabilized macadam mixture decrease by 20%~40% and the fatigue life decrease by 40%~50% under the condition of 5~10 ℃. Low temperature curing has a significant deterioration effect on the mechanical properties, fatigue properties and anti-freezing properties of cement stabilized macadam mixture. The greater the decrease of mechanical properties and fatigue characteristics of cement stabilized crushed stone mixture. Increasing the curing temperature is helpful to reduce the decay rate of micro void diameter after freeze-thaw cycle, increase the stability of the void structure of cement stabilized gravel mixture and refine the micro void structure during the freeze-thaw cycle test, and thus increase the mechanical properties, fatigue durability and frost resistance of cement stabilized gravel mixture.

road engineering  /  cement stabilized macadam  /  curing temperature  /  mechanical properties  /  fatigue performance  /  frost resistance  /  microscopic void structure
肖寒, 唐勇, 李浩, 杨泽众, 樊德林, 牛豪爽. 寒区低温环境水泥稳定碎石混合料宏观性能与微细观空隙结构. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (15) : 6501 -6509 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2404931
Han XIAO, Yong TANG, Hao LI, Ze-zhong YANG, De-lin FAN, Hao-shuang NIU. Macro Properties and Micro Void Structure of Cement Stabilized Macadam Mixture in Cold Regions[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (15) : 6501 -6509 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2404931
目前水泥稳定粒料类材料广泛应用于中国各等级公路路面的基层和底基层[1-3]。随着西部大开发的深入贯彻和实施,交通基础设施建设成为中国内蒙、西藏、青海等寒区发展的重心之一[4-7]。中国寒区普遍面临着全年气候寒冷、最热月平均气温低、施工季节短等特殊的施工环境,以青海省格尔木市为例,该区气温大于10 ℃的时间主要集中在2—11月,一年当中连续大于10 ℃的最大天数约30 d,为了给铺筑热拌沥青混凝土预留足够的施工作业时间,该区水泥稳定碎石基层不得不在相对较低的环境温度中摊铺和养生。研究表明,温度影响水泥水化进程,在高温、高湿养生环境有利于水泥稳定碎石强度的增长,而低温养生条件下水泥稳定碎石不仅强度增长慢,且低温对水泥稳定碎石终期强度的损伤亦不可逆;相同的应力水平下,养生温度越高则水泥稳定碎石的疲劳寿命越大,相应的半刚性力学性能与耐久性能越好。现场病害调查结果显示,温度低和频繁的温度变化是导致中国寒区半刚性基层沥青路面达不到实际设计年限就出现各种早期病害的主要影响因素之一。
现行规范、规程、细则较全面地考虑了气候环境对水泥稳定碎石混合料性能的影响,部颁基层施工技术细则标准(JTG F20—2015)要求:水泥稳定碎石混合料配合比设计阶段,应在标准养生温度20 ℃±2 ℃,相对湿度不小于95%条件下养生6 d,然后将试件浸泡于20 ℃±2 ℃水中1 d,以7 d无侧限抗压强度不小于相应交通荷载等级的限值为配合比设计和现场施工质量控制的核心指标,并要求施工期温度应在5 ℃以上。工程实践证明,水泥稳定碎石结构层强度形成初期,现场养生温度越高,钻出完整芯样的间隔时间越短,且取芯孔壁越光滑,基层顶面实测回弹弯沉越小。试验研究方面,祁运佳[8]研究了-5、0、5 ℃养生温度对水泥稳定碎石混合料力学性能的影响规律,并基于电子扫描电镜探讨了低温养生对水泥稳定混合料强度的劣化机理,结果表明,养生温度越低,水泥稳定碎石混合料力学性能越差,水泥稳定碎石混合料内部微细观空隙数量越多、水泥水化产物对微细观孔隙的填充度越低。高建强[9]研究了低温条件下水泥稳定碎石混合料的力学性能及施工工艺要求。焦耀亮[10]研究了水泥和早强剂掺量对低温环境水泥稳定碎石混合料施工性能和力学性能的影响规律。
王一琪等[11]模拟季节性冰冻地区融循环作用下水泥稳定碎石混合料抗冻性能衰减规律。马士宾等[12]研究了低温早强水泥稳定碎石混合料的力学性能和抗冻性能,结果表明,掺加早强剂有助于改善低温环境水泥稳定碎石的力学性能与疲劳特性,养生温度越低,早强剂对水泥稳定碎石无侧限抗压强度和抗冻性改善越明显。杨明等[13]、朱文强[14]、王英涵[15]研究了干湿循环、冻融和浸水作用下水泥稳定碎石混合料力学性能与疲劳耐久性能演化规律。盛燕萍等[16]研究了不同温度下早强低收缩水泥稳定碎石抗裂特性。
综上所述,已有研究揭示了养生温度对水泥稳定碎石混合料力学性能的损伤规律,并提出了防治措施。但是目前道路工作者对于寒区低温环境水泥稳定碎石混合料疲劳特性、抗冻性劣化规律,尤其是低温养生条件下水泥稳定碎石混合料微细观空隙结构及劣化机理尚不清楚。基于此,针对中国寒区气候特点和水泥稳定碎石养生温度要求,室内模拟现场养生温度,基于力学性能试验、三分点加载疲劳试验和冻融循环试验对比分析低温养生、20 ℃标准养生和30 ℃养生条件下水泥稳定碎石混合料耐久性能差异,建立低温养生条件下水泥稳定碎石混合料微细观空隙结构与力学性能和疲劳性能的相关性,研究成果为揭示低温养生条件下水泥稳定碎石混合料力学性能和疲劳性能衰减机理提供了试验支撑,有助于深化寒区水泥稳定碎石基层力学性能与耐久性能认识。
(1)水泥:采用PO42.5普通硅酸盐水泥,主要指标如表1所示。
(2)集料:粗集料采用反击破碎加工的花岗岩碎石,细集料采用石灰岩机制砂,技术指标如表2所示。
(3)水:采用实验室自来水,符合现行《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749)的要求。
借鉴中国寒区高速公路工程实践经验和相关研究成果,采用基层施工技术细则(JTG /T F20—2015)推荐的C-B-3型矿料级配,合成级配见表3
在规范要求的标准养生温度(20 ℃)和最低施工温度(5 ℃)基础上,结合共玉高速、拉林高速、青藏公路G109等工程实践经验,试验研究采用5、10、15 ℃模拟低温养生环境温度,20 ℃为标准养生温度,30 ℃模拟中高温养生环境,养生期间标准养生烘箱的温度误差为±2 ℃,相对湿度不小于95%。
借鉴中国寒区多条高速公路水泥稳定碎石配合比设计结果,试验研究固定水泥掺量为5%,首先研究养生温度对水泥稳定碎石力学性能的影响。其次,采用疲劳试验和冻融循环试验研究养生温度对水泥稳定碎石混合料疲劳性能和抗冻融耐久性能的影响。最后,基于计算机断层扫描(computed tomography,CT)技术研究不同温度条件下水泥稳定碎石混合料内部微细观空隙结构,最终建立微细观空隙结构与宏观力学性能及疲劳特性之间的拟合关系。基于以上研究,为揭示寒区低温养生环境对水泥稳定碎石混合料力学性能、疲劳特性与耐久性能的劣化影响规律提供借鉴。
(1)力学性能试验:无侧限抗压强度试验参照试验规程(JTG 3441—2024)T0805试验方法,试件直径×高=ϕ100 mm×100 mm(图1),加载速率1 mm/min,养生龄期为7 d和90 d;弯拉强度试验参照试验规程(JTG 3441—2024)T0851试验方法,养生龄期为90 d;动态回弹模量试验参照公路沥青路面设计规范(JTG D50—2017)附录E,标准试件的养生龄期为90 d。
(2)疲劳试验:采用三分点控制应力加载模式,
件尺寸为长×高×宽=400 mm×100 mm×100 mm,疲劳试验施加的应力强度比为0.60、0.65、0.70、0.75,施加荷载为连续的Havesine波,加载频率为10 Hz。疲劳试验选用MTS485.10型疲劳试验机,试验前开启断裂保护功能,待试验加载过程中水泥稳定碎石混合料试件弯曲劲度模量下降至初始值的50%后试验设备自动输出疲劳荷载作用次数。
(3)冻融循环试验:结合中国寒区气象资料与沥青路面设计规范(JTG D50—2017)附录G,考虑试验仪器配置。冻融循环试验的融化温度采用5 ℃±2 ℃,融化时间为48 h±2 h。1次冻融循环,冻结温度为-18 ℃±2 ℃,冻结时间为16 h±1 h,融化温度采用5 ℃±2 ℃,融化时间为48 h±2 h。每次冻融循环结束后测试时间的无侧限抗压强度,参考已有研究成果,总冻融循环次数为20次。
(4)微细观空隙结构测试:试验采用的Y.CT Precision系列工业CT是基于对不同材质(密度等)的物体,X射线入射强度和出射强度之间的特定关系进行成像的。水泥稳定碎石混合料内部空隙的密度和碎石、砂浆差异明显,对X射线的衰减系数影响较大,因此试验获取的CT图像较为理想。然后将CT原图像导入VGStudio MAX软件中进行三维重构,然后得到水泥稳定碎石混合料试件的三维空隙结构。
力学性能试验结果如图2所示。
图2所示力学性能试验结果可知:
(1)随着养生温度升高,水泥稳定碎石混合料的力学强度呈现指数函数关系增大,拟合优化度R2近似等于1.0。
(2)相较于标准养生温度(20 ℃±2 ℃),5~15 ℃养生条件下水泥稳定碎石混合料的7 d龄期无侧限抗压强度降低了8.9%~35.2%,90 d无侧限抗压强度降低了10.7%~37.1%,5、10、15 ℃养生条件下弯拉强度降低了26.4%、11.1%、5.4%,动态回弹模量降低了32.9%、17.1%、5.3%。对比30 ℃高温养生和20 ℃标准养生条件,低温养生温度对水泥稳定碎石混合料力学性能有显著劣化影响,高温养生条件下有利于水泥稳定碎石形成更高的力学强度,养生温度越低水泥稳定碎石混合料力学性能下降越明显,5~10 ℃养生条件下,水泥稳定碎石混合料的力学性能下降幅度可达20%~40%。
(3)可以发现不同养生温度条件下水泥稳定碎石强度增长规律,即:随着养生温度增加,水泥稳定碎石混合料的力学性能逐渐提高。但是,力学性能的增长速率先快后慢,最终趋于稳定,养生温度由5 ℃提高至10 ℃后水泥稳定碎石混合料的力学性能可增大10%~20%,因此,建议中国寒区尽量将水泥稳定碎石混合料安排在温度较高的季节施工,有条件时,控制最低施工温度不低于10 ℃。在5~10 ℃施工温度条件下,应通过增加水泥剂量、优化级配等措施,来弥补低温养生对水泥稳定碎石力学性能的劣化影响。
(4)沥青路面设计规范(JTG D50—2017)推荐水泥稳定碎石典型的弯拉强度、动态回弹模量为1.5~2.0 MPa、18 000~28 000 MPa,规定当结合料用量高、材料性能好、级配好时,力学性能取建议上限值。试验研究水泥剂量(5%)接近中国水泥稳定碎石常用水泥剂量上限,且C-B-3级配中粗集料骨架嵌挤效果明显,级配较好,花岗岩碎石品质良好。从5~30 ℃养生条件下力学性能试验结果来看,低温养生条件下,水泥稳定碎石的7 d龄期无侧限抗压强度刚好满足施工技术细则(JTG /TF 20—2015)重载高速公路基层7 d龄期无侧限抗压强度不小于4.0 MPa的下限要求,对应的弯拉强度和动态回弹模量接近沥青路面设计规范典型力学参数下限值,10 ℃养生条件下弯拉强度和动态回弹模量接近沥青路面设计规范典型力学参数中值。弯拉强度和动态回弹模量取值决定了水泥稳定碎石结构层的层底拉应力和疲劳开裂寿命,是确定路面结构层厚度的重要力学参数,文中不同养生温度下的力学性能试验结果可为中国寒区水泥稳定碎石基层结构设计提供试验数据支撑。
平行试件的疲劳寿命和疲劳寿命平均值结果汇总见表4
表4图3所示疲劳试验结果可知:
(1)应力强度比相同,疲劳寿命随着养生温度增加呈两阶段增长趋势[图3(a)],即先快速增大后趋于平稳,疲劳寿命随养生温度增大而提高,但疲劳寿命增长率持续减小,这与力学性能随养生温度的变化趋势一致。
(2)水泥稳定碎石混合料的疲劳寿命随养生稳定降低而减小,相较于20 ℃标准养生温度,在5~10 ℃养生条件下,水泥稳定碎石混合料的疲劳寿命降幅为40%~50%,寒区低温环境温度严重劣化了水泥稳定碎石结构层的抗疲劳耐久性能。
(3)参考已有研究成果[17-19],图3(b)建立了5~30 ℃养生条件下水泥稳定碎石混合料的疲劳方程,拟合结果显示,水泥稳定碎石混合料的疲劳寿命(N)对数(lgN)随疲劳试验应力强度比(σ/R,σ为疲劳试验施加的弯拉荷载,R为最大弯拉强度)增大呈线性关系减小,疲劳方程lgN=b(σ/R)+a(ab为疲劳试验回归参数)的拟合优化度R2大于0.98,在5、10、15 ℃低温养生条件下,水泥稳定碎石混合料的疲劳方程斜率b依次为-13.582、-13.462、-13.231,疲劳方程截距依次为13.571、13.697、13.812,相较于标准养生温度(20 ℃),在5、10、15 ℃低温养生条件下疲劳方程斜率减小了5.3%、4.4%、2.6%,截距增大了2.3%、1.4%、0.5%。由此可见,在寒区低温养生环境,既缩短了疲劳寿命,同时也增强了疲劳寿命对荷载水平的敏感性,这一点,对比沥青路面设计规范(JTG D50—2017)规定的无机结合料稳定层疲劳破坏模型参数(a=13.24、b=-12.52),也可以得到验证。文中拟合回归的疲劳方程参数,可为寒区水泥稳定碎石结构层疲劳特性分析提供数据支撑。
针对中国寒区频繁的冻融循环环境,研究养生温度和冻融作用下水泥稳定碎石的无侧限抗压强度(unconfined compressive strength,UCS)和损伤度(damage degree,DD)衰减规律,结果如图4所示。
图4所示抗冻耐久性试验结果可知:
(1)水泥稳定碎石混合料的UCS随冻融作用次数增加呈指数关系衰减,无侧限抗压强度损伤度呈指数函数关系逐渐累积,拟合优化度R2>0.97。可采用指数函数模型预测寒区冻融循环作用下水泥稳定碎石混合料的损伤特性。经历15次冻融循环后,5组水泥稳定碎石混合料的无侧限抗压强度趋于稳定,无侧限抗压强度衰减趋势与文献[11]相吻合。
(2)在经历20次冻融循环后,5、10、15、20、30 ℃养生条件下水泥稳定碎石混合料的UCS分别下降至5.05、6.71、8.27、9.47、10.51 MPa,DD分别达到了29.3%、22.4%、18.4%、16.5%、14.3%。冻融循环20次后,水泥稳定碎石混合料在5、10、15 ℃低温养生条件下的无侧限抗压强度,仅为标准养生温度下的53.3%、70.7%、87.3%,同时无侧限抗压强度损伤度增大了0.78、0.36、0.12倍。表明寒区低温养生条件下水泥稳定碎石结构层初期强度小,且冻融循环作用下无侧限抗压强度衰减幅度大。强度形成期间养生温度低,导致水泥稳定碎石混合料抗冻耐久性能显著降低,这是寒区水泥稳定碎石结构层早发性病害的诱因之一。
参考文献[16-17,20]研究成果,统计体积V介于0~100 mm3区间内的微细观空隙级配,结果如表5所示。由表5可知:
(1)总体上,水泥稳定碎石混合料微细观空隙结构中体积V<0.1 mm3V<0.05 mm3的空隙数量比例为56.8%~64.8%、65.4%~74.3%,空隙级配中V>1 mm3的空隙数量比例仅占15.2%~21.0%,体积V>10 mm3的空隙数量比例为4.4%~6.8%,体积V>50 mm3的空隙数量比例约为0.5%~1.0%。
(2)随着养生温度增加,空隙级配中0.05 m3V<0.1 m3V<0.05 mm3的空隙数量增大,V≥0.1 mm3的空隙数量减小,表明提高养生温度对水泥稳定碎石混合料空隙级配有细化作用。
(3)养生温度对水泥稳定碎石混合料微细观空隙级配影响显著,提高养生温度有细化水泥稳定碎石混合料微细观空隙结构的作用。其中,养生温度由5、10、15、20、30 ℃养生条件下,水泥稳定碎石混合料微细观空隙级配中体积V<0.1 mm3的空隙占分别为65.4%、68.4%、70.9%、72.8%、74.3%,体积大于100 mm3的空隙占分别为0.62%、0.55%、0.49%、0.43%、0.43%,表明降低养生温度导致水泥稳定碎石混合料内部出现有害空隙的概率增大。
借鉴文献[21-22]研究成果,假定微细观空隙为均为球体,且独立分布的空隙体积在0 ~100 mm3区间内为不间断的随机变量,已知空隙体积条件下,按照球体直径与体积的数学关系反算每个独立空隙的当量直径,按照数理统计学概率期望基本定义,计算经历微细观空隙直径期望值,相关公式为
di= 3 V i 4 π 1 3
E(d)= i = 0 ndipi
式中:Vi为0~100 mm3范围内的某档空隙体积; d为等体积球体当量直径;pi为直径为di的概率;E(d)为数学期望。计算结果如图5所示。由图5试验结果可知:
(1)同一冻融循环作用次数,水泥稳定碎石混合料的空隙直径期望值随着养生温度增加呈指数关系减小。冻融循环作用劣化了水泥稳定材料的微细观空隙结构,导致总空隙数量减小、空隙率增大、微细观空隙直径期望值增大,养生温度越低,冻融循环作用对水泥稳定碎石微细观空隙结构的劣化作用越明显。
(2)养生温度由5 ℃提高至30 ℃,经历5、10、10、15、20次冻融循环后,水泥稳定碎石混合料的微细观空隙直径期望值分别降低了34.1%、33.3%、29.3%、27.1%、24.6%,提高养生期间的养生温度,能够降低冻融循环后微细观空隙直径衰减速率,增加冻融循环试验过程中水泥稳定碎石混合料空隙结构的稳定。
为了从细微观角度揭示养生温度对水泥稳定碎石混合料力学性能和疲劳特性的影响机理,建立水泥稳定碎石混合料微细观空隙直径期望值之间的拟合关系,如图6图7所示。
图6拟合结果表明,水泥稳定碎石混合料的力学性能随空隙直径期望值的增大呈指数函数关系减小。疲劳寿命随微细观空隙直径增大呈线性关系减小,力学性能及疲劳性能与微细观空隙直径期望值之间的拟合优化度R2均大于0.98。表明,微细观空隙直径期望值的减小,是提高养生温度养生水泥稳定碎石混合料力学性能和疲劳特性增强的原因之一。
图7拟合结果可知,养生温度相同[图7(a)],经历1~20次冻融循环作用后,水泥稳定碎石混合料的无侧限抗压强度随微细观空隙直径期望值增大而线性关系减小;整体上,经历冻融循环作用后,水泥稳定碎石混合料的无侧限抗压强度随着微细观空隙直径期望值增大呈指数关系减小,拟合优化度R2>0.97。由此可知,在冻融循环作用改变了水泥稳定碎石内部微细观空隙结构,是冻融循环作用导致水泥稳定碎石混合料力学性能下降的原因之一,提高养生温度对水泥稳定碎石混合料微细观空隙结构的细化作用,从而增加了水泥稳定碎石混合料的力学性能、抗疲劳耐久性能与抗冻性。
(1)随着养生温度增加,水泥稳定碎石混合料的力学性能呈指数关系增大。建议尽量将水泥稳定碎石混合料安排在10 ℃以上季节施工,同时开展室内试验测试水泥稳定碎石混合料在低温养生温度条件下的力学性能参数,无测试条件时候,弯拉强度和动态回弹模量可取规范建议的力学参数下限值。
(2)低温养生不仅降低了水泥稳定碎石混合料的抗疲劳性能和抗冻耐久性,也增大了水泥稳定碎石混合料疲劳寿命对应力强度比的敏感性。
(3)养生温度对水泥稳定碎石混合料微细观空隙级配影响显著,提高养生温度有细化水泥稳定碎石混合料微细观空隙结构的作用,提高养生温度能够降低冻融循环后微细观空隙直径衰减速率,增加冻融循环试验过程中水泥稳定碎石混合料空隙结构的稳定。
  • 国家自然科学基金面上项目(42372331)
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2025年第25卷第15期
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2404931
  • 接收时间:2024-07-02
  • 首发时间:2025-07-09
  • 出版时间:2025-05-28
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  • 收稿日期:2024-07-02
  • 修回日期:2024-11-24
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国家自然科学基金面上项目(42372331)
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    1 中交一公局西南工程有限公司, 成都 610031
    2 河南理工大学土木工程学院, 焦作 454000

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* 牛豪爽(1994—)男,汉族,河南焦作人,博士(后),讲师。研究方向:路基路面材料。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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