Article(id=1149769459881132992, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149769458706723113, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2404415, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1718208000000, receivedDateStr=2024-06-13, revisedDate=1740326400000, revisedDateStr=2025-02-24, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752056000918, onlineDateStr=2025-07-09, pubDate=1747497600000, pubDateStr=2025-05-18, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752056000918, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752056000918, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752056000918, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1149769458706723113, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2025', volume='25', issue='14', pageStart='5705', pageEnd='6154', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1752056000638, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768456798957, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1218559392753041779, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149769458706723113, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1218559392753041780, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149769458706723113, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=6035, endPage=6043, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149769460090848195, articleId=1149769459881132992, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=Calculation Method for Lateral Displacement of Back-wrapped Reinforced Soil Retaining Wall Considering Changes in Soil Modulus, columnId=1156262729917780302, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Papers·Architectural Science, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The study focused on wrap-around reinforced soil retaining walls and proposed a calculation method for panel displacement. The horizontal displacement was divided into two components for calculation: the horizontal displacement caused by the strain of reinforcement and the overall horizontal displacement generated by the horizontal earth pressure acting on the back of the reinforced zone. When calculating the horizontal displacement caused by the reinforcement strain, the reinforced zone was divided into subzones through the potential failure surface of reinforced soil retaining wall and the natural repose angle of soil. The horizontal distribution of the reinforcement load was assumed, yielding a simplified calculation model for the horizontal displacement caused by reinforcement strain. For the calculation of the overall horizontal displacement of the reinforced zone, the zone was treated as a ‘cantilever beam’, taking into account the variation in elastic modulus of the reinforced zone with height. The theoretical results obtained through the proposed method were compared with experimental and numerical simulation results. The distribution trend of the displacements was basically consistent, indicating that the proposed method can effectively calculate the panel displacement of wrap-faced reinforced soil retaining walls.

, correspAuthors=Lei WANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Jun-wei HU, Rui-peng LUO, Chun-hai WANG, Ying-qing ZHONG, Lei WANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1149769500863677148, articleId=1149769459881132992, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=CN, title=考虑填土模量变化的返包式加筋土挡墙面板水平位移计算方法, columnId=1156262730517565784, journalTitle=科学技术与工程, columnName=论文·建筑科学, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

以返包式加筋土挡墙为研究对象,提出了面板位移的计算方法。将面板水平位移分为两部分计算:筋材应变引起的水平位移、加筋区在其背部水平土压力作用产生的整体水平位移。计算筋材应变引起的水平位移时,通过潜在破坏面、自然休止角将筋材分段计算,并假定筋材内力的水平分布,得到筋材应变引起的水平位移的简化计算模型。计算加筋区整体水平位移时,将加筋区等效为“悬臂梁”进行计算,考虑了加筋区弹性模量随高度的变化。本文的理论方法估算值与试验、数值模拟结果进行了对比,结果显示:二者分布趋势基本一致,能够较好地计算返包式加筋土挡墙的面板位移。

, correspAuthors=汪磊, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*汪磊(1990—),男,汉族,湖北随州人,博士,讲师。研究方向:岩土工程。E-mail:
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胡俊伟(1999—),男,汉族,江西南昌人,硕士研究生。研究方向:岩土工程。E-mail:

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Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 2005, 42(4): 1066-1085., articleTitle=Development and verification of a nume-rical model for the analysis of geosynthetic-reinforced soil segmental walls under working stressconditions, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1172984443213070904, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769459881132992, awardId=52468051, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金(52468051), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1172984443263402553, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769459881132992, awardId=GJJ200865, language=CN, fundingSource=江西省教育厅科学技术研究项目(GJJ200865), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1172984443309539898, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769459881132992, awardId=jxncbs19002, language=CN, fundingSource=高层次人才科研启动项目(jxncbs19002), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1172984438624502254, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769459881132992, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1172984438628696559, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769459881132992, companyId=1172984438624502254, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. 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L为筋材总长;u1为筋材伸长引起的面板位移,u2为整体水平位移; σ 1为最大主应力; σ L为侧向土压力; σ 3为最小主应力; σ z为竖向土压力

, figureFileSmall=3RbOkrWdvKzIJkwCPX/h8g==, figureFileBig=9DFf/VEt5N1kApm1/hYtoQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172984440818123290, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769459881132992, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Schematic diagram of horizontal distribution of reinforcement load and fill modulus, figureFileSmall=45iC+2p9dGjrwoPZv2Px8Q==, figureFileBig=hy3jXWETeIG1YklFmRwRfQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172984440885232155, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769459881132992, language=CN, label=图2, caption=筋材拉力及填土模量水平分布示意图, figureFileSmall=45iC+2p9dGjrwoPZv2Px8Q==, figureFileBig=hy3jXWETeIG1YklFmRwRfQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172984440939758108, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769459881132992, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Calculation model of overall horizontal displacement, figureFileSmall=XQr0zzi0vvn53iDI0gUEdA==, figureFileBig=BM81h1yX5DoMiZvUt981bg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172984441036227101, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769459881132992, language=CN, label=图3, caption=整体水平位移计算模型, figureFileSmall=XQr0zzi0vvn53iDI0gUEdA==, figureFileBig=BM81h1yX5DoMiZvUt981bg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172984441107530270, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769459881132992, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Simplified calculation model, figureFileSmall=teADHKyUwjnBTT9k3YIpGw==, figureFileBig=8Jgv2ZyaNdeF3D2XH/03nw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172984441170444831, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769459881132992, language=CN, label=图4, caption=简化计算模型, figureFileSmall=teADHKyUwjnBTT9k3YIpGw==, figureFileBig=8Jgv2ZyaNdeF3D2XH/03nw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172984441220776480, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769459881132992, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Schematic diagram of finite element model, figureFileSmall=GUoKBsbyJm5dQsyuS4bUUw==, figureFileBig=H4pYof+bAZ5/lyOFEgnhBg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172984441313051169, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769459881132992, language=CN, label=图5, caption=有限元模型示意图, figureFileSmall=GUoKBsbyJm5dQsyuS4bUUw==, figureFileBig=H4pYof+bAZ5/lyOFEgnhBg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172984441401131554, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769459881132992, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Distribution of displacement caused by reinforcement strain, figureFileSmall=X5145fZG8Vm3Enue5sYjLw==, figureFileBig=YgXGc1qdn1Pu5p4khgg+KA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172984441472434723, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769459881132992, language=CN, label=图6, caption=筋材应变引起的面板位移分布, 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Basic working conditions of the finite element model

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
工况
编号
土样 墙高/
m
筋材间
距/m
筋材长
度/m
筋材刚度/
(kN·m-1)
附加荷
载/kPa
A 5.8 0.4 4.2 600 10
B 5.8 0.4 4.2 700 10
C 5.8 0.4 4.2 800 10
), ArticleFig(id=1172984442680394289, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769459881132992, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

有限元模型基本工况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
工况
编号
土样 墙高/
m
筋材间
距/m
筋材长
度/m
筋材刚度/
(kN·m-1)
附加荷
载/kPa
A 5.8 0.4 4.2 600 10
B 5.8 0.4 4.2 700 10
C 5.8 0.4 4.2 800 10
), ArticleFig(id=1172984442751697458, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769459881132992, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Parameters of panel and foundation soil

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类型 参数名称 数值
面板特性 抗弯刚度EI/(kN·m) 1.0
轴向刚度EA/(kN·m-1) 60
地基土特性 重度 γ/(kN·m-3) 21
弹性模量E /(kN·m-2) 50 000
泊松比 μ 0.3
内摩擦角 φ p c/(°) 35
剪胀角 ψ/(°) 0
黏聚力 c/kPa 200
), ArticleFig(id=1172984442810417715, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769459881132992, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

面板与地基土参数

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类型 参数名称 数值
面板特性 抗弯刚度EI/(kN·m) 1.0
轴向刚度EA/(kN·m-1) 60
地基土特性 重度 γ/(kN·m-3) 21
弹性模量E /(kN·m-2) 50 000
泊松比 μ 0.3
内摩擦角 φ p c/(°) 35
剪胀角 ψ/(°) 0
黏聚力 c/kPa 200
), ArticleFig(id=1172984442873332276, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769459881132992, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Basic parameters of backfill soil

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参数名称 土样A 土样B 土样C
重度 γ/(kN·m-3) 17.1 15 19.6
剪胀角 ψ/(°) 11 8 4
内摩擦角 φ p s / ( ° ) 41 38 34
破坏比Rf 0.9 0.9 0.9
模量系数k 509 363 480
模量指数n 0.5 0.5 0.5
E 50 r e f / k P a 28 000 20 000 26 400
E o e d r e f / k P a 28 000 20 000 26 400
E u r r e f / k P a 72 500 60 000 79 200
), ArticleFig(id=1172984442948829749, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769459881132992, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

填土基本参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数名称 土样A 土样B 土样C
重度 γ/(kN·m-3) 17.1 15 19.6
剪胀角 ψ/(°) 11 8 4
内摩擦角 φ p s / ( ° ) 41 38 34
破坏比Rf 0.9 0.9 0.9
模量系数k 509 363 480
模量指数n 0.5 0.5 0.5
E 50 r e f / k P a 28 000 20 000 26 400
E o e d r e f / k P a 28 000 20 000 26 400
E u r r e f / k P a 72 500 60 000 79 200
), ArticleFig(id=1172984443020132918, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769459881132992, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Basic parameters of backfill soil in the test

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数名称 数值
重度 γ/(kN·m-3) 16.8
内摩擦角 φ p s/(°) 44
黏聚力 c/kPa 2
破坏比Rf 0.86
模量系数 k 1 150
体积模量数 k b 575
模量指数 n 0.5
体积模量指数 m 0.5
), ArticleFig(id=1172984443078853175, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769459881132992, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

试验填土的基本参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数名称 数值
重度 γ/(kN·m-3) 16.8
内摩擦角 φ p s/(°) 44
黏聚力 c/kPa 2
破坏比Rf 0.86
模量系数 k 1 150
体积模量数 k b 575
模量指数 n 0.5
体积模量指数 m 0.5
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考虑填土模量变化的返包式加筋土挡墙面板水平位移计算方法
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胡俊伟 1 , 罗瑞鹏 2 , 王春海 3 , 钟莹庆 1 , 汪磊 1, *
科学技术与工程 | 论文·建筑科学 2025,25(14): 6035-6043
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科学技术与工程 | 论文·建筑科学 2025, 25(14): 6035-6043
考虑填土模量变化的返包式加筋土挡墙面板水平位移计算方法
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胡俊伟1 , 罗瑞鹏2, 王春海3, 钟莹庆1, 汪磊1, *
作者信息
  • 1. 江西理工大学软件工程学院(南昌), 南昌 330013
  • 2. 中国电建集团江西省电力设计院有限公司, 南昌 330096
  • 3. 华中科技大学土木与水利工程学院, 武汉 430074
  • 胡俊伟(1999—),男,汉族,江西南昌人,硕士研究生。研究方向:岩土工程。E-mail:

通讯作者:

*汪磊(1990—),男,汉族,湖北随州人,博士,讲师。研究方向:岩土工程。E-mail:
Calculation Method for Lateral Displacement of Back-wrapped Reinforced Soil Retaining Wall Considering Changes in Soil Modulus
Jun-wei HU1 , Rui-peng LUO2, Chun-hai WANG3, Ying-qing ZHONG1, Lei WANG1, *
Affiliations
  • 1. School of Software Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Nanchang 330013, China
  • 2. China Power Construction Group Jiangxi Electric Power Design Institute Co., Ltd., Nanchang 330096, China
  • 3. School of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering. Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
出版时间: 2025-05-18 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2404415
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以返包式加筋土挡墙为研究对象,提出了面板位移的计算方法。将面板水平位移分为两部分计算:筋材应变引起的水平位移、加筋区在其背部水平土压力作用产生的整体水平位移。计算筋材应变引起的水平位移时,通过潜在破坏面、自然休止角将筋材分段计算,并假定筋材内力的水平分布,得到筋材应变引起的水平位移的简化计算模型。计算加筋区整体水平位移时,将加筋区等效为“悬臂梁”进行计算,考虑了加筋区弹性模量随高度的变化。本文的理论方法估算值与试验、数值模拟结果进行了对比,结果显示:二者分布趋势基本一致,能够较好地计算返包式加筋土挡墙的面板位移。

加筋土挡墙  /  土压力  /  侧向位移  /  数值模拟

The study focused on wrap-around reinforced soil retaining walls and proposed a calculation method for panel displacement. The horizontal displacement was divided into two components for calculation: the horizontal displacement caused by the strain of reinforcement and the overall horizontal displacement generated by the horizontal earth pressure acting on the back of the reinforced zone. When calculating the horizontal displacement caused by the reinforcement strain, the reinforced zone was divided into subzones through the potential failure surface of reinforced soil retaining wall and the natural repose angle of soil. The horizontal distribution of the reinforcement load was assumed, yielding a simplified calculation model for the horizontal displacement caused by reinforcement strain. For the calculation of the overall horizontal displacement of the reinforced zone, the zone was treated as a ‘cantilever beam’, taking into account the variation in elastic modulus of the reinforced zone with height. The theoretical results obtained through the proposed method were compared with experimental and numerical simulation results. The distribution trend of the displacements was basically consistent, indicating that the proposed method can effectively calculate the panel displacement of wrap-faced reinforced soil retaining walls.

reinforced soil retaining wall  /  earth pressure  /  lateral displacement  /  numerical simulation
胡俊伟, 罗瑞鹏, 王春海, 钟莹庆, 汪磊. 考虑填土模量变化的返包式加筋土挡墙面板水平位移计算方法. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (14) : 6035 -6043 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2404415
Jun-wei HU, Rui-peng LUO, Chun-hai WANG, Ying-qing ZHONG, Lei WANG. Calculation Method for Lateral Displacement of Back-wrapped Reinforced Soil Retaining Wall Considering Changes in Soil Modulus[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (14) : 6035 -6043 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2404415
加筋土挡墙是一种新型的柔性支护结构,主要应用在公路、铁路、水利的填方工程领域[1],与传统的重力式挡土墙相比,具有造价低廉、施工便捷、地形适应性好、低碳环保、造型美观等优势[2-4],也更易产生侧向变形[5-6]。而目前加筋土挡墙设计规范[7-9]主要关注极限平衡状态下最大筋材拉力的计算,并没有给出墙体变形的理论计算方法,少数规范根据面板形式给出了最大面板位移与挡土墙总高的比值范围,仅FHWA规范[10]提出了与墙高、筋材长度相关的面板最大水平位移的经验公式。
因此,中外学者关于加筋土挡墙面板位移估算方法也做了大量研究的工作,Bathurst等[11]提出根据各层筋材总伸长量来估算相应层高的面板水平位移。杨广庆等[12]、李婷等[13]和李倩等[14]进一步指出除了考虑筋材应变引起的位移,还应考虑各层加筋土的整体水平位移。Liu[15]建立有限元模型,通过参数分析的结果表明:加筋土整体水平位移与填土模量、筋材刚度相关。在此基础上Yang等[16]提出了刚性地基上砌块式面板加筋土挡墙的水平位移的估算方法,指出面板水平位移主要由三部分贡献:筋材伸长量、各加筋土层之间的剪切位移、筋-土之间的滑移,采用有限差分法估算面板的位移。
现以服役状态下竖直的返包式加筋土挡墙为研究对象,将整个加筋区看作“悬臂梁”进行面板位移的计算,考虑筋材应变、加筋区整体变形引起的位移。基于全量法[17-18]估算潜在破裂面筋材拉力与相应加筋土的模量,用以计算筋材拉伸变形引起的位移;并来描述“悬臂梁”模量沿着高度的变化,以此计算整体位移。将本文方法的估算值与试验、有限元模型的结果进行验证与对比分析。
加筋土挡墙面板位移的简化计算模型,既有学者[12,19]把整个加筋区看作“悬臂梁”进行计算,也有学者[15,20-21]采用“剪切梁”的形式进行计算。通过两类简化计算模型的算例对比表明,返包式面板加筋土挡墙通常采用悬臂梁进行计算,砌块式面板加筋土挡墙多按照剪切梁计算。这是由于返包式面板相对的更加柔软轻薄,更易与土体一起变形,当加筋区发生整体弯曲变形时受到面板的限制作用很小;而砌块式面板更加坚硬厚重,砌块的模量远大于填土的模量,限制了其整个加筋区整体弯曲变形,导致加筋区更易产生剪切位移[22-23]。大量试验与有限元结果也表明:面板的形式很大程度上影响到加筋土结构的侧向变形模式[24-28]。鉴于此,本文研究对于返包式加筋土挡墙面板位移分析方法采用“悬臂梁”模型(如图1所示,并做如下基本假设。
(1)加筋土挡墙处于平面应变状态。
(2)地基为刚性地基,不考虑地基变形的影响。
(3)面板位移主要有两部分组成:筋材伸长引起的面板位移u1、整个加筋区在其背部水平向土压力作用下的产生的整体水平位移u2
(4)潜在破坏面位置的加筋土单元最大主应力和最小主应力分别为竖向土压力、水平土压力。
(5)计算整体水平位移时,同一层的加筋土体采用相同的弹性模量。
(6)不考虑筋材的蠕变。
通过朗肯破裂面、自然休止角将筋材划分为3段,如图2所示。
(1)自由段:位于潜在破裂面与面板之间的加筋段,其长度为 L a,该区段可认为筋材拉力为常量[8]。实际自由段筋材内力将小于Tmax,可以按照Tmax简化计算,得到较为保守的偏大结算结果,保守结果利于工程应用。
(2)零拉力段:位于自然休止角以下的区域,由于在自然休止角以下不可能形成滑动面,该段筋材受拉力很小[29],可忽略不计。
(3)有效锚固段:位于潜在破裂面与自然休止角之间,其长度为 L e ,该区段拉力 由Tmax逐渐减小到0,采用双曲余弦函数来反映其分布[15],该段长度取值为
L e = H - z t a n φ p s - L , L e m i n
式(1)中: H为挡墙的总高;z为筋材的埋深; φ p s为填土的平面应变内摩擦角; L e为锚固段长度。
因此,将筋材拉力沿水平方向的分布进行如下简化,即
T = T max , 0 l L a 2 cosh cosh 1 2 L e x T max , L a l L a + L e 0 , L a + L e l L
式(2)中:l为筋材任意一点到面板的水平距离;x为有效锚固段筋材任意一点到潜在破面的水平距离。
筋材伸长引起的面板水平位移为
u 1 = 0 L T J d l = T m a x J L a + 0 L e 2 - c o s h c o s h - 1 ( 2 ) L   e x T m a x J d x
式(3)中:J为筋材刚度。
为了考虑筋材刚度、填土模量的影响,采用全量法[17-18]来进行计算 T m a x
T m a x = K r S v ( γ z + q )
式(4)中:Sv为筋材间距;γ为加筋区填土重度;q为上覆荷载。
其中潜在破坏面的土压力系数Kr表示为:
K r = J / S v K K r E t + J / S v K r = μ 1 + μ J / S v 1 μ 2 J / S v + E t
式中: Et为潜在破坏面的填土模量;u为泊松比;K为剪胀系数。
K = 1 + sin φ cr 1 sin φ cr K = 1 + sin φ ps 1 sin φ ps 1 sin ψ 1 + sin ψ
式中: φ c r为填土的残余摩擦角; ψ为填土的剪胀角。
E t = k P a K r σ z P a n 1 - R f ( σ z - K r σ z ) ( 1 - s i n φ p s ) 2 c c o s φ p s + 2 K r σ z s i n φ p s 2
式中: k为模量系数; n为模量指数; P a为标准大气压强; R f为破坏比; c为填土的黏聚力。
在计算加筋区整体侧向位移时,整个加筋区被简化为“悬臂梁”的形式,如图3所示,加筋区背部的水平土压力表示为
P ( z ) = K r b σ z
式(8)中:Krb为加筋区背部的土压力系数。
相关研究[30]发现由于地基的约束作用,加筋区背部的土压力系数在底部接近静止土压力系数K0,在顶部接近主动土压力系数Ka,假设土压力系数Krb
K r b = K 0 + K a - K 0 ( H + S ) 2 ( H - z ) 2
式中:S为上覆荷载q的等效填土厚度, S = q / γ
i层填土模量Ei为主要有自由段填土模量Et与锚固段填土模量Erb组成,即
E i = E t L a + E r b L e L
锚固段填土模量Erb表示为
E r b = k P a K r b σ z P a n 1 - R f ( σ z - K r b σ z ) ( 1 - s i n φ p s ) 2 c c o s φ p s + 2 K r b σ z s i n φ p s 2
加筋区在墙背水平土压力作用下的侧向位移可用虚功原理解得,任意深度z的位移为
u 2 = i = 1 n M - v ( z ) M ( z ) E i I d z + i = 1 n ρ Q - v ( z ) Q ( z ) G i A d z
式(12)中:M(z)、Q(z)为实际荷载引起的弯矩和剪力; ρ为截面系数,对于矩形截面 ρ = 1.2;虚力作用下筋土复合体任意 z处的弯矩为 M - v z、剪力为 Q - v z; A为加筋区的截面面积; I为加筋区的弯曲惯性矩; G i为第i层加筋土层剪切模量。
G i = E i 2 ( 1 + μ )
式(13)中: μ为泊松比。
根据Yang等[16]的推导可以表示为
μ = K r 1 + K r + K r 2 1 + K 2 + 4 K r K + K K r 2 + K r + 1 K K r 2 + 1 2 K r K + K K r 2 + K r + 1 μ = 0.5 E t 6 B
泊松比要满足:。
B = k b P a K r σ z P a m
式中: k b为体积模量数; m为体积模量指数。
虚拟状态下加筋土在深度 z处的弯矩 M - v ( z )和剪力 Q - v ( z )分别为
M ¯ v z = 0 , z z F z z F , z > z F
Q ¯ v z = 0 , z z F 1 , z > z F
式中: z F为虚拟力F的作用深度,如图4(b)所示。
则真实状态下加筋体任意深度 z处的弯矩函数和剪力函数表达式为
M ( z ) = 0 z P ( t ) ( z - t ) d t
Q ( z ) = 0 z P ( t ) d t
将式(16)~式(19)代入式(12),即可求得各层的整体水平位移 u 2
为了进一步验证所提出面板位移计算方法合理性,参考文献[31-32]的建模方法与相关参数,利用PLAXIS建立模型,将有限元计算结果与本文方法的估算值进行详细的对比分析。
图5所示,模型的挡墙高5.8 m,面板形式为土工合成材料返包式面板,加筋区筋材长度为4.2 m,筋材竖向间距为0.4 m;模型的左、右边界采用滑动铰支座模拟,底部边界为固定支座;该有限元模型模拟了加筋土挡墙一层一层填筑压实的过程,施工压实作用等效8 kPa均布荷载模拟,建造完成后在顶部施加10 kPa附加荷载,模拟正常使用状态,由于顶部附加荷载大于压实作用的等效荷载,可忽略压实效应的影响[33-36]
在该有限元模型中,地基土采用了Mohr-Coulomb模型模拟,筋材采用线弹性模型,填土采用了Hardening-Soil模型模拟填土的非线性应力应变关系。根据文献[18]采用A、B、C共三种填土土样建立三组有限元模型,其对应的筋材刚度分别为600、700、800 kN/m。有限元模型的具体工况及相关参数如表1~表3所示。
本文提出的理论方法中填土采用Duncan-Chang模型,而PLAXIS中采用的是Hardening-Soil模型,由于两者在描述填土的非线性应力应变特性相似,可进行参数转换后可以用于类似工况的数值模拟及计算[37]。在Hardening-Soil模型中,填土的剪切屈服函数 f
f = f - - γ p 1 E 50 q 1 - q / q a - 2 q E u r - 2 ε p 1 = 0
式(20)中: f -为应力函数; γ p为塑性变形函数; q 为偏应力;   ε 1 p为应变的塑性变形分量。
填土50%强度时割线模量 E 50与填土卸载-再加载的模量 E u r分别为
E 50 = E 50 r e f c c o s φ p s + σ 3 s i n φ p s c c o s φ p s + p r e f s i n φ p s n
E u r = E u r r e f c c o s φ p s + σ 3 s i n φ p s c c o s φ p s + p r e f s i n φ p s n
式中: p r e f = 100 k P a为参考围压; σ 3为最小主应力; E 50 r e f E u r r e f分别为参考围压作用下填土50%强度的参考模量、填土卸载-再加载的参考模量。
抗剪强度的渐近值 q a
q a = q f R f
极限偏应力 q f
q f = ( c c o t φ p s + σ 3 ) 2 s i n φ p s 1 - s i n φ p s
填土主应变的塑形变形分量 ε 1 p与弹性变形分量 ε 1 e分别为
ε 1 p 1 2 f - = 1 2 E 50 q 1 - q / q a - q E u r
ε 1 e = q E u r
则填土主应变可以表示为
ε 1 = ε 1 e + ε 1 p 1 2 E 50 q 1 - q / q a
由于假定在潜在破坏面位置的加筋土单元最大、最小主应力分别为竖向应力、水平土压力,因而 ε 1 ε z σ 1 σ z σ 3 σ l,初始弹性模量可以表示为
E i n i t i a l = 2 E 50 r e f 2 - R f = k p a σ l p a n
又因为 E 50 r e f对应的参考围压为100 kPa,式(28)的 k可以表示为
k 2 E 50 r e f 100 ( 2 - R f )
筋材拉伸变形引起的面板位移如图6所示,可以看出估算值与有限元结果基本接近,说明理论方法中关于筋材应变对面板位移的贡献这一部分估算方法是可行的。
本文提出的加筋区背部水平土压力系数的公式(9),用以计算“悬臂梁”在土压力作用下的水平位移。加筋区背部土压力估算值与数值模拟结果的对比(图7),可以看到二者能够较好地拟合,且介于主动土压力与静止土压力之间,公式的合理性得到了进一步验证。
图8中,整体水平位移的估算值与数值模拟结果进行了对比,可以看到二者分布趋势近似但估算值比数值模拟结果整体偏大。其原因在于本文采用Tmax对应的Et来估算自由段的填土模量是偏保守的,特别是在底部面板区域,没有反映出地基填土的约束作用,进一步导致底部区域填土的模量相较于有限元结果明显偏小(图9),“悬臂梁”计算模型在估算每一层位移时都会用到底部模量,导致整体位移的估算值偏大。
图10对比了理论法与有限元总面板水平位移沿墙高的分布,可以看出本文的理论法与有限元的结果分布趋势较为接近,但估算值相较于有限元结果整体偏大。原因在估算整体位移时,没有考虑地基对底部填土的约束作用,导致底部填土模量偏小,整体位移偏大。
Bathurst试验[38]在混凝土基础上建立3.6 m高的返包式面板加筋土挡墙如图11所示,面板与竖向方向夹角8°,建造完成后在顶部逐级增大附加荷载q,并记录了3 m高度位置处面板水平位移随q的变化。该试验填土参数来源于文献[39],如表4所示。由该试验测量结果可知上覆荷载q达到40 kPa后部分筋材达到了蠕变极限强度,故本文方法仅对比了q在0~40 kPa的位移变化,并采用了2%应变对应的割线刚度J=97.2 kN/m进行计算。关于面板倾角的影响,基于Bathurst的K刚度法[40],对筋材拉力乘以0.857的折减系数。施工压实作用根据Hatami 与 Bathurst的相关研究[41],采用轻型压实机可等效均布荷载8 kPa,当压实荷载大于附加荷载作用时,需要考虑压实荷载的作用。
图12中试验测量值与估算值对比可以看出,q=0~10 kPa时由于附加荷载作用接近于压实荷载8 kPa,位移变化很小;q=10~40 kPa时位移快速增长。本文方法能够较好地反映返包式加筋土挡墙的面板位移随上覆荷载的发展趋势。
针对返包式加筋土挡墙提出了水平位移的计算方法,将总位移分为两部分组成:筋材应变引起的位移、加筋区在其背部水平土压力下的整体位移。并将估算值与试验、数值模拟的结果进行了对比。得出如下结论。
(1)提出水平位移计算方法的估算值与试验、数值模拟结果较为接近,说明本文方法能够有效估算返包式面板加筋土挡墙的位移。
(2)在估算筋材应变引起的位移时,通过潜在破坏面、自然休止角,将筋材简化成三段计算。在这样的假设之下,筋材的拉伸变形引起位移估算值基本符合数值模拟计算的结果。
(3)整体水平位移的估算值与数值模拟的结果趋势一致,但估算值整体偏大。这是由于本文方法没有考虑底部地基对面板区域填土的约束作用,导致底部加筋区的模量估算值明显偏小,使得“悬臂梁”简化模型的各层水平位移估算值偏大,最终使得总水平位移的估算值偏大。
(4)在计算整体水平位移时需考虑加筋区背部土压力系数随高度的变化,本文提出土压力估算方法与数值模拟结果非常接近。
  • 国家自然科学基金(52468051)
  • 江西省教育厅科学技术研究项目(GJJ200865)
  • 高层次人才科研启动项目(jxncbs19002)
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2025年第25卷第14期
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2404415
  • 接收时间:2024-06-13
  • 首发时间:2025-07-09
  • 出版时间:2025-05-18
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  • 收稿日期:2024-06-13
  • 修回日期:2025-02-24
基金
国家自然科学基金(52468051)
江西省教育厅科学技术研究项目(GJJ200865)
高层次人才科研启动项目(jxncbs19002)
作者信息
    1. 江西理工大学软件工程学院(南昌), 南昌 330013
    2. 中国电建集团江西省电力设计院有限公司, 南昌 330096
    3. 华中科技大学土木与水利工程学院, 武汉 430074

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*汪磊(1990—),男,汉族,湖北随州人,博士,讲师。研究方向:岩土工程。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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