Article(id=1149774733207626028, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149774724923880044, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2404105, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1717344000000, receivedDateStr=2024-06-03, revisedDate=1738857600000, revisedDateStr=2025-02-07, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752057258178, onlineDateStr=2025-07-09, pubDate=1745769600000, pubDateStr=2025-04-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752057258178, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752057258178, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752057258178, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1149774724923880044, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2025', volume='25', issue='12', pageStart='4827', pageEnd='5272', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1752057256203, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768456746933, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1218559174552764785, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149774724923880044, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1218559174552764786, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149774724923880044, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=5119, endPage=5127, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149774733492838707, articleId=1149774733207626028, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=Theoretical Analysis Model of Self-resetting Cylindrical Pier Column Foot Node, columnId=1156262729917780302, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Papers·Architectural Science, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to study the mechanical properties of the column foot joint of a self-resetting cylindrical pier, the mechanical mechanism of self-resetting cylindrical pier column foot joint with circular section was analyzed theoretically. The calculation formula of key points of the whole force and displacement hysteresis curve of the pier was derived, including yield point, failure point, etc. The theoretical analysis model of the relationship between pier jacking force and displacement was established. Based on OpenSees platform, fiber hinge model was used to model the section of pillar foot of self-resetting energy-consuming pier. Combined with pseudo-static test results, the feasibility and accuracy of the fiber hinge model were verified. On this basis, a self-resetting cylindrical pier was set up by fiber hinge model, and the key point of the deduced force-displacement hysteresis curve was compared with the skeleton curve of the simulated cylindrical pier to verify the accuracy of the deduced method. The results show that the derivation method can obtain the pressure relief point, yield point and failure point of self-resetting cylindrical pier, which can provide reference for the research of self-resetting pier with circular section in the future.

, correspAuthors=Hu QI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Ping-chuan WU, Nan DUAN, Hu QI), CN=ArticleExt(id=1149774770566292003, articleId=1149774733207626028, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=CN, title=自复位圆柱桥墩柱脚节点理论分析模型研究, columnId=1156262730517565784, journalTitle=科学技术与工程, columnName=论文·建筑科学, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为研究某自复位圆柱桥墩柱脚节点的力学性能,对圆形截面自复位桥墩柱脚节点力学机理进行理论分析。推导桥墩整体的力与位移滞回曲线关键点的计算公式,包括屈服点、破坏点等,建立圆形桥墩墩顶力与位移关系的理论分析模型。基于OpenSees平台引用纤维铰模型对自复位耗能桥墩柱脚截面进行建模,结合拟静力试验结果,验证纤维铰模型的可行性和建模的准确性。在此基础上,通过纤维铰模型建立设置一个自复位圆柱桥墩,将推导结果的力-位移滞回曲线关键点与模拟得到的圆柱桥墩的骨架曲线结果做对比,验证推导方法的准确性。结果表明:该推导方法可以较好地得出自复位圆柱桥墩的消压点、屈服点和破坏点等,可为今后的圆形截面自复位桥墩研究提供参考。

, correspAuthors=齐虎, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 齐虎(1982—),男,汉族,湖北公安人,博士,高级工程师。研究方向:防灾减灾工程。E-mail:
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吴平川(1979—),男,汉族,河北曲周人,博士,教授。研究方向:结构抗震。E-mail:

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Beijing: People's Communications Press, 2020., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1179790634580852892, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149774733207626028, awardId=E2020402079, language=CN, fundingSource=河北省自然科学基金(E2020402079), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1179790630579486765, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149774733207626028, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1179790630587875374, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149774733207626028, companyId=1179790630579486765, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 College of Civil Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1179790630592069679, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149774733207626028, companyId=1179790630579486765, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 河北工程大学土木工程学院, 邯郸 056038)]), AuthorCompany(id=1179790630680150064, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149774733207626028, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1179790630692732977, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149774733207626028, companyId=1179790630680150064, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 HeBei Technology Innovation Center for Prefabricated Structure, Handan 056000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1179790630701121586, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149774733207626028, companyId=1179790630680150064, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 河北省装配式结构技术创新中心, 邯郸 056000)]), AuthorCompany(id=1179790630797590580, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149774733207626028, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1179790630810173492, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149774733207626028, companyId=1179790630797590580, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 Key Laboratory of Building Failure Mechanism and Defense, China Earthquake Administration, Sanhe 065201, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1179790630818562101, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149774733207626028, companyId=1179790630797590580, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 中国地震局建筑物破坏机理与防御重点实验室, 三河 065201)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1179790632705998942, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149774733207626028, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Schematic diagram of pier section calculation, figureFileSmall=piG3fj/5xOxEJNJWKR61aA==, figureFileBig=K47wWta/ENwR7TfxjyMj6w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1179790632785690719, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149774733207626028, language=CN, label=图1, caption=桥墩截面计算示意图

R为桥墩截面半径,y为微分段距圆心的距离;Hc为桥墩接触面受压区高度

, figureFileSmall=piG3fj/5xOxEJNJWKR61aA==, figureFileBig=K47wWta/ENwR7TfxjyMj6w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1179790632865382496, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149774733207626028, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Column jacking force-displacement relationship diagram, figureFileSmall=yyCAzyfAiXfr5N7JX0OTfQ==, figureFileBig=2cvpvx+sKeBsr9aTOjGoQw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1179790632978628708, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149774733207626028, language=CN, label=图2, caption=柱顶力-位移关系图, figureFileSmall=yyCAzyfAiXfr5N7JX0OTfQ==, figureFileBig=2cvpvx+sKeBsr9aTOjGoQw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1179790633045737574, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149774733207626028, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Schematic diagram of bending moment calculation in depressurized state, figureFileSmall=mCZFArPUyjWboxJuR6VyaA==, figureFileBig=92rK3Us0c+pn30fZsoW/6Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1179790633100263528, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149774733207626028, language=CN, label=图3, caption=消压状态弯矩计算简图

W为桥墩自身重量;Ast为耗能钢筋截面积;σst为耗能钢筋应力;Apt为预应力筋面积;σpt为预应力筋预应力;Fc为桥墩底部接触面受压合力

, figureFileSmall=mCZFArPUyjWboxJuR6VyaA==, figureFileBig=92rK3Us0c+pn30fZsoW/6Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1179790633184149612, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149774733207626028, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Calculation diagram of bending moment at yield point, figureFileSmall=Wu8fSZ9IfzefvIopvUPMsQ==, figureFileBig=7wjVrjb6zZgZ2TZTb0BTgw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1179790633263841394, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149774733207626028, language=CN, label=图4, caption=屈服状态弯矩计算简图

Mf为桥墩屈服状态下弯矩;Hjoin为受压区合力点位置

, figureFileSmall=Wu8fSZ9IfzefvIopvUPMsQ==, figureFileBig=7wjVrjb6zZgZ2TZTb0BTgw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1179790633330950260, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149774733207626028, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Stress distribution in the compression zone of the section, figureFileSmall=yGBhppXJBzxTxpsNXhRLdg==, figureFileBig=FtlFCNvVMEQyms8MJj2Iyw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1179790633435807864, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149774733207626028, language=CN, label=图5, caption=截面受压区应力分布图, figureFileSmall=yGBhppXJBzxTxpsNXhRLdg==, figureFileBig=FtlFCNvVMEQyms8MJj2Iyw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1179790633490333818, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149774733207626028, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Deformation diagram of connection, figureFileSmall=5PVJslZ/UaWnLvcx3ZRKCg==, figureFileBig=v6daysh3AJ9NJ7fPRfvnQQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1179790633544859772, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149774733207626028, language=CN, label=图6, caption=节点变形图

θ为屈服状态下的桥墩底部接触面转角

, figureFileSmall=5PVJslZ/UaWnLvcx3ZRKCg==, figureFileBig=v6daysh3AJ9NJ7fPRfvnQQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1179790633632940161, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149774733207626028, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Concrete01 model constitutive relation, figureFileSmall=30inPBwHwF8y81QfB34p9g==, figureFileBig=E077gg5+25350MHLj+Xe2Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1179790633687466115, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149774733207626028, language=CN, label=图7, caption=Concrete01模型本构关系

fc为混凝土抗压强度;fcu为混凝土极限抗压强度;εc为混凝土压应变;εcu为混凝土破环时的极限压应变

, figureFileSmall=30inPBwHwF8y81QfB34p9g==, figureFileBig=E077gg5+25350MHLj+Xe2Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1179790633767157893, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149774733207626028, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Constitutive relation of Steel02 model, figureFileSmall=utS6HmhisWXx87lKqrB/5A==, figureFileBig=ZKUtqNL9JpRVOsGGzVcTgw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1179790633846849673, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149774733207626028, language=CN, label=图8, caption=Steel02模型本构关系

E为钢筋的弹性模量;Ep为钢筋的屈服刚度;fy桥为钢筋的屈服强度;εy为钢筋屈服应变

, figureFileSmall=utS6HmhisWXx87lKqrB/5A==, figureFileBig=ZKUtqNL9JpRVOsGGzVcTgw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1179790633918152843, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149774733207626028, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Schematic diagram of fiber hinge model of self-resetting pier, figureFileSmall=74Lrc4TLdfJOtxwu6E2h6A==, figureFileBig=FyMFl9Ny+3HtXZBz8MC63w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1179790633981067405, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149774733207626028, language=CN, label=图9, caption=自复位桥墩纤维铰模型示意图, figureFileSmall=74Lrc4TLdfJOtxwu6E2h6A==, figureFileBig=FyMFl9Ny+3HtXZBz8MC63w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1179790634039787665, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149774733207626028, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=Comparison of hysteresis curves between test and simulation, figureFileSmall=A4U6p/mRVubPctsR1mmVIg==, figureFileBig=+laYOnJqZ9hpm2CGzCBNmw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1179790634098507923, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149774733207626028, language=CN, label=图10, caption=试验与模拟滞回曲线对比图, figureFileSmall=A4U6p/mRVubPctsR1mmVIg==, figureFileBig=+laYOnJqZ9hpm2CGzCBNmw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1179790634165616789, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149774733207626028, language=EN, label=Fig.11, caption=Comparison of skeleton curves between simulation results and calculated results, figureFileSmall=iZDecuLpwsdB/v+I5QqG7A==, figureFileBig=1nWNso4MS0+EyN3auLMgqA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1179790634249502869, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149774733207626028, language=CN, label=图11, caption=模拟结果与计算结果骨架曲线对比图, figureFileSmall=iZDecuLpwsdB/v+I5QqG7A==, figureFileBig=1nWNso4MS0+EyN3auLMgqA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1179790634333388951, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149774733207626028, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Section compression zone height calculation

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
α 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0
Fc/kN 129.4 358.8 640.6 968.0 1 329.1 1 713.9 2 152.1 2 539.2 2 970.1 3 399.2
), ArticleFig(id=1179790634421469337, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149774733207626028, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

截面受压区高度计算

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
α 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0
Fc/kN 129.4 358.8 640.6 968.0 1 329.1 1 713.9 2 152.1 2 539.2 2 970.1 3 399.2
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自复位圆柱桥墩柱脚节点理论分析模型研究
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吴平川 1, 2 , 段楠 1, 2 , 齐虎 3, *
科学技术与工程 | 论文·建筑科学 2025,25(12): 5119-5127
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科学技术与工程 | 论文·建筑科学 2025, 25(12): 5119-5127
自复位圆柱桥墩柱脚节点理论分析模型研究
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吴平川1, 2 , 段楠1, 2, 齐虎3, *
作者信息
  • 1 河北工程大学土木工程学院, 邯郸 056038
  • 2 河北省装配式结构技术创新中心, 邯郸 056000
  • 3 中国地震局建筑物破坏机理与防御重点实验室, 三河 065201
  • 吴平川(1979—),男,汉族,河北曲周人,博士,教授。研究方向:结构抗震。E-mail:

通讯作者:

* 齐虎(1982—),男,汉族,湖北公安人,博士,高级工程师。研究方向:防灾减灾工程。E-mail:
Theoretical Analysis Model of Self-resetting Cylindrical Pier Column Foot Node
Ping-chuan WU1, 2 , Nan DUAN1, 2, Hu QI3, *
Affiliations
  • 1 College of Civil Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, China
  • 2 HeBei Technology Innovation Center for Prefabricated Structure, Handan 056000, China
  • 3 Key Laboratory of Building Failure Mechanism and Defense, China Earthquake Administration, Sanhe 065201, China
出版时间: 2025-04-28 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2404105
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为研究某自复位圆柱桥墩柱脚节点的力学性能,对圆形截面自复位桥墩柱脚节点力学机理进行理论分析。推导桥墩整体的力与位移滞回曲线关键点的计算公式,包括屈服点、破坏点等,建立圆形桥墩墩顶力与位移关系的理论分析模型。基于OpenSees平台引用纤维铰模型对自复位耗能桥墩柱脚截面进行建模,结合拟静力试验结果,验证纤维铰模型的可行性和建模的准确性。在此基础上,通过纤维铰模型建立设置一个自复位圆柱桥墩,将推导结果的力-位移滞回曲线关键点与模拟得到的圆柱桥墩的骨架曲线结果做对比,验证推导方法的准确性。结果表明:该推导方法可以较好地得出自复位圆柱桥墩的消压点、屈服点和破坏点等,可为今后的圆形截面自复位桥墩研究提供参考。

抗震性能  /  计算方法  /  桥梁抗震  /  自复位耗能桥墩  /  安全稳定  /  OpenSees

In order to study the mechanical properties of the column foot joint of a self-resetting cylindrical pier, the mechanical mechanism of self-resetting cylindrical pier column foot joint with circular section was analyzed theoretically. The calculation formula of key points of the whole force and displacement hysteresis curve of the pier was derived, including yield point, failure point, etc. The theoretical analysis model of the relationship between pier jacking force and displacement was established. Based on OpenSees platform, fiber hinge model was used to model the section of pillar foot of self-resetting energy-consuming pier. Combined with pseudo-static test results, the feasibility and accuracy of the fiber hinge model were verified. On this basis, a self-resetting cylindrical pier was set up by fiber hinge model, and the key point of the deduced force-displacement hysteresis curve was compared with the skeleton curve of the simulated cylindrical pier to verify the accuracy of the deduced method. The results show that the derivation method can obtain the pressure relief point, yield point and failure point of self-resetting cylindrical pier, which can provide reference for the research of self-resetting pier with circular section in the future.

seismic behavior  /  computing method  /  aseismic of bridge  /  self-resetting energy-consuming pier  /  safety and stability  /  OpenSees
吴平川, 段楠, 齐虎. 自复位圆柱桥墩柱脚节点理论分析模型研究. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (12) : 5119 -5127 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2404105
Ping-chuan WU, Nan DUAN, Hu QI. Theoretical Analysis Model of Self-resetting Cylindrical Pier Column Foot Node[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (12) : 5119 -5127 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2404105
地震过后对结构造成过大的残余变形会大大降低结构震后安全性和可修复性,因此如何降低结构震后的残余变形,成为目前研究的热点问题。传统的钢筋混凝土桥墩采用延性抗震设计理念, 在强震期间不能很好地消耗地震能量从而造成重大破坏,加重了震后恢复工作任务[1-4]。而自复位桥墩是一种基于性能设计的新型结构体系,由墩身、耗能、恢复力构成。其中,墩身部分起到承重作用,耗能部分可为耗能钢筋、耗能角钢、软钢阻尼器等,恢复力部分一般为预应力筋。桥墩底部截面自复位反应的发生将改变桥墩受力方式,降低桥墩承受的地震力,使传统桥墩的短柱抗剪、桥墩延性不足、震后残余位移过大等问题得到改善[5],并且可以大大提高结构在震后的可修复性,而且自复位桥墩结构为预制拼装结构,能够缩减工期,符合低碳发展理念[6]
自复位桥墩优秀的抗震能力以及强大的韧性,大大提高了结构的安全性,从而备受结构抗震专家的关注和重视[1]。中外目前对于自复位桥墩的试验研究主要针对桥墩的拟静力试验[7-8]。对于自复位桥墩的抗震能力,大多通过数值模拟的方法证实了自复位桥墩可以减少震后残余位移,延缓混凝土损坏方面的优点。但是自复位桥墩的设计计算方法目前还不够完善,需要进一步的探索和研究。
自复位桥墩的设计计算方法对其实际应用具有重要作用。目前已经推导出多种方法, Pampanin等[9]为解决桥墩接缝处不满足平截面假定的问题针对预制梁柱节点提出一种整体梁类比法。该方法计算较为精确但未考虑桥墩进入消压状态的计算方法。王军文等[10]采用等效塑性铰模型,将桥墩底部形成塑性铰,提出了一种基于结构损伤等级的自复位桥墩目标位移计算方法。但是自复位桥墩在地震作用下具有开闭特性,在桥墩底部形成塑性铰很难实现。吕辉等[11]通过有限元软件在验证建模方法正确的基础上讨论了各参数对桥墩承载力、刚度的影响,根据所得结果提出了不同参数影响下桥墩的承载力和刚度的计算公式,并将推导公式的计算结果与有限元结果做对比,验证了计算公式的准确性。陈秀云[12]对节段预制拼装桥墩的力-位移关系计算公式进行了推导,并通过MATLAB编制验证了计算方法与试验结果吻合较好。张香成等[13]采用截面分割法理论,通过MATLAB程序编制出一套可计算精轧螺纹钢混凝土柱滞回性能的程序,并通过一系列数值模拟验证了计算程序的准确性。
数值模拟对于桥梁抗震是非常重要的分析手段,若能准确建立数值分析模型,则可以预测结构的抗震性能,为工作带来便利。在数值分析模拟方面,主要模拟计算方法有集中塑性铰模型、多弹簧模型、纤维积分模型,这三类主要用于模拟自复位桥墩柱脚截面的接缝处,集中塑性铰模型[7]通过两个抗弯弹簧分别模拟预应力筋塑性铰和普通钢筋塑性铰,简单实用,但此模型无法模拟自复位节点由于预制结合面的伸长引起的结构伸长效应。多弹簧模型[14]具有较好的计算精度,但建模时需要建立的多弹簧单元较多,模型构造复杂,较难应用在大型复杂结构的数值分析中。纤维积分模型[15]与多弹簧模型一样存在模型构造过于复杂的缺点。由此看来,这3种自复位桥墩柱脚截面模拟方式很实用,但都存在一定的缺点。
鉴于此,对自复位圆柱桥墩节点受力机理进行理论分析,推导桥墩整体的力与位移滞回曲线关键点的计算公式,包括屈服点、破坏点等,建立桥墩整体的力与位移关系的理论分析模型。引用纤维铰模型对自复位耗能桥墩柱脚截面进行建模,并通过模拟实验验证其准确性。自复位圆柱桥墩单构件实验结果较少,为验证所提理论分析模型的准确性,将纤维铰模型[16]模拟结果与理论模型推导结果进行对比。对圆形截面自复位桥墩底部力学机理的推导可为该类桥墩设计提供一定的参考,促进自复位桥墩在工程中的应用。
对于圆形自复位构件,其截面受压区形状为弓形,在计算时采用数学微分法来计算弓形面积。在计算截面受压区面积和受压区合力点时应采用截面应保持平面的基本假定。如图1所示,在受压区高度方向取高度为dy的微分段,该微分段所对应的宽度为2 R 2 - y 2
与传统现浇节点不同,研究自复位圆柱桥墩节点变形主要集中在桥墩墩底接触面处,节点核心区基本处于弹性状态,因此主要针对桥墩底部接触面的力学性能进行研究。
桥墩底部接触面承担弯矩、轴力及剪力。剪力通过摩擦力承担,轴力在接触面之间产生压应力并对接触面受弯承载力有一定的影响,弯矩则使得接触面产生转动变形,直到接触面破坏。与弯矩相比轴力和剪力对节点破坏影响较小,对结构破坏一般不起控制作用。因此,通过研究桥墩底部接触面弯矩变化,从而得到结构整体力-位移关系。在循环荷载作用下,结构整体位力-位移关系可由图2所示的对称双旗帜形曲线描述。
图2所示,正向加载过程为:荷载增加到1点时,接触面上端压力为0,此时桥墩接触面承担弯矩为消压弯矩Mcr,对应力-位移关系图为Fcr。此后随着荷载增加,接触面张开,中和轴下移,接触面受压区高度迅速降低直至趋于稳定,接触面刚度迅速降低。荷载增加到2点时,耗能钢筋屈服,接触面达到屈服状态,此时梁端承担弯矩为屈服弯矩My,对应力-位移关系图为Fy。此后,随着荷载继续增加,梁端承弯能力保持不变或者缓慢上升。荷载增加到4点时,耗能钢筋拉断,结构丧失承载力,达到破坏状态,此时桥墩接触面承担弯矩为极限弯矩Mu,对应力-位移关系图为Fu。假设结构在3点卸载,耗能钢筋拉力迅速减小,梁端承受的弯矩降低,荷载减小到5点时,耗能钢筋受压屈服,此后继续卸载接触面承弯能力基本保持不变,直至点6,接触面左端与底部重新接触。负向加载过程与正向大小相等,方向相反。
在对桥墩施加荷载之前,桥墩底部截面都处于受压状态。此时桥墩底部受到预应力筋的初始应力以及桥墩自身重量。此时,桥墩底部应变最大为σ0,应变与力的关系式为
- R R 2 R 2 - y 2σ0 R - y 2 Rdy=PT
- R R 2 R 2 - y 2σ0 R - y 2 R(R-y)dy=PTx
式中:R为圆柱截面半径;PT为截面此时的总压力;σ0为截面此时的总应变;x为桥墩底部接触面的合力点位置与柱端的距离。
联立式(1)与式(2)可得此时桥墩底部接触面的合力点位置与柱端的距离为 3 R 4
柱端转动时,柱底接触面的受拉侧预压力逐步减小,此时柱端承受弯矩为消压弯矩Mcr。由于消压状态时结构处于弹性阶段,截面各点应变和应力均很小,因此预应力筋应变增量可以忽略不计。忽略耗能钢筋应力则可认为接触面混凝土压应力呈三角形分布,如图3所示。
加载时,对接触面受压合力点取弯矩可得
Mcr=(W+Astσst) 5 R 4 - H s t+Aptσpt R 4
Fc=Aptσpt+Astσst+W
式中:σpt为预应力筋预应力;Apt为预应力筋面积;Ast为耗能钢筋截面积;σst为耗能钢筋应力;W为桥墩自身重量;Hst为耗能钢筋到柱截面上边缘的距离。
考虑到此时接触面没有张开,耗能钢筋增加应变及预应力筋增加应变较小,可以忽略,可得σp=σp0(初始预应力),σst=0,式(3)可简化为
M c r + = A p t σ p 0 H p t - 3 R 4 M c r - = - A p t σ p 0 5 R 4 - H p t
式(5)中:σp0为初始预应力;Hpt为预应力筋到截面边缘距离; M c r + M c r -分别为桥墩底部接触面正反方向的消压弯矩;当Hpt 3 R 4 , 5 R 4时,初始状态下消压弯矩有效,桥墩接触面为闭合状态;否则,桥墩接触面在初始预应力作用下即出现开裂。
此时墩顶侧向力为
Fcr= M c r L
式(6)中:L为墩身高度。
接触面上端消压后,继续加载至屈服状态过程中,接触面中和轴位置逐步下移(图4),墩顶水平力增加,同时截面下部保护层混凝土开始轻微剥落,结构真实力-位移曲线如图5虚线所示。
屈服状态下,根据静力平衡条件其合力Fc可表示为
Fc=Astσst+Aptσpt+W
此时接触面受压区高度可按式(8)计算。
fc - R H c - R 2 R 2 - y 2dy=Fc
根据接触面受压区高度,则受压区合力点位置按式(9)求得。
fc - R H c - R 2 R 2 - y 2(R+y)dy=FcHjoin
对截面混凝土受压合力点取弯矩平衡,则屈服点弯矩计算公式为
My=Astσst(2R-Hjoin-Hst)+(Aptσpt+W)(R-Hjoin)
式中:fc为混凝土强度;Hc为截面受压区高度;Hjoin为受压区合力点位置。
则屈服状态下墩顶的水平力为
Fy= M y L
当受压区压应力线性分布时,截面受压区应力呈三角形分布,则截面受压区高度为2Hc,屈服状态时受压区显然进入非线性状态,相比弹性状态受压区高度会进一步降低,介于Hc~2Hc。假设受压区应力为等效矩形分布,将矩形应力图的高度取按平截面假定所确定中和轴高度的0.9倍。因此中和轴位置为 H c 0.9
此时钢筋应力为fy,钢筋伸长量Δst= f y l s t E s t,其中,Est为耗能钢筋弹性模量;lst为钢筋变形段长度,包括钢筋无黏段长度l0与应力渗透长度 l s p [ 17 ],即lst=l0+lsp,其中lsp=0.022fyde,de为耗能钢筋直径。图6为节点变形图。
柱底部接触面屈服时,转角的计算公式为
θf= Δ s t 2 R - H s t - H c 0.9
此时预应力筋应变为
ε p t = θ f l p t R - H c 0.9 σ p t = σ p 0 + ε p t E p t
式(13)中:lpt为预应力筋的无黏段长度;εpt为预应力筋应变;Ept为预应力筋弹性模量。
考虑到节点预应力筋位于桥墩轴心位置,其轴向变形很小,另外预应力筋的无黏段长度lpt较长,因此可认为屈服状态下预应力筋应变Δεpt≈0,则此时预应力筋应力可取其初始预应力。
屈服状态下桥墩截面的转角较小,可采用《公路桥梁抗震设计规范》(JTG/T 2231-01—2020)[18]中圆形桥墩底部截面的屈服曲率来计算位移,计算公式为
ϕy= 2.213 ε s t D
则此时墩顶位移由于受弯引起的塑性位移Δe可按式(15)计算。
Δe= ϕ y L 2 3
则墩顶的总位移Δ的计算公式为
Δ=θfL+Δe
截面屈服后继续加载时,考虑到钢筋屈服后应力增长缓慢,且预应力筋应力增长也比较缓慢,接触面受压区总压力变化较小,但随着接触面转角的增大,截面底部保护层混凝土剥落加剧,接触面受压区高度缓慢上升。直到耗钢筋拉断时,结构达到极限受力状态。此时,可认为受压区保护层混凝土完全剥落,丧失承载力。
接触面受压区高度fcc的计算公式为
fcc - R H c u - R 2 R 2 - y 2dy=Fc
式(17)中:Hcu为桥墩底部在极限状态下的受压区高度;Fc为极限状态下桥墩底部接触面的合力。
此时接触面受压区合力点的计算公式为
fcc - R H c u - R 2 R 2 - y 2(R+y)dy=FcHjoin
接触面极限弯矩的计算公式为
Mu=Astσyu(2R-Hjoin-Hst)+(Aptσpt+W)(R-Hjoin)
式中:σyu为耗能钢筋极限应力;fcc为约束混凝土峰值应力。
则屈服状态下墩顶的水平力为
Fu= M u L
接触面极限转角的计算公式为
θfu= f y u l s t E s t 2 R - H c 0.9 - H s t
在破坏状态,墩顶的总位移可按式(22)计算。
Δu= ϕ y L 2 3+Lpuy) L - L p 2
式(22)中:ϕy为墩柱截面的屈服曲率;ϕu为截面极限曲率;Lp为等效塑性铰长度。
根据Seismic Design Criteria[17],Lp的计算公式为
Lp=0.08L+0.022defy
ϕu的计算公式为
ϕu= ε c u H c
式(24)中:εcu为混凝土极限压应变,取0.004。
截面在破坏状态,所有钢筋拉力均由混凝土承担,其受压区高度较大,且此时保护层失效会进一步导致受压区高度增加。
屈服点和极限点之间采用直线连接。
卸载时,当接触面未达到屈服状态时,结构承弯能力按原路返回。当接触面进入屈服状态后,处于受拉状态的耗能钢筋变为受压,接触面承弯能力大幅降低,直到耗能钢筋受压屈服,接触面弯矩趋于稳定。
卸载过程中,根据静力平衡条件其合力Fc可表示为
Fc=-Astσst+Aptσpt+W
此时接触面受压区高度为
fc - R H c - R 2 R 2 - y 2dy=Fc
则受压区合力点位置按式(27)求得。
fc - R H c - R 2 R 2 - y 2(R+y)dy=FcHjoin
卸载过程中接触面弯矩为
Mu=-Astσst(R+Hjoin-Hst)+(Aptσpt+W)(R-Hjoin)
则卸载状态下墩顶的水平力为
Fu= M u L
在力学性能上,自复位桥墩节点的非线性变形集中在桥墩底部接缝处,在荷载作用下桥墩接缝的开合反映了柱脚节点的主要非线性变形,所以柱脚节点分析的关键是要准确模拟桥墩接缝处的开合。
基于OpenSees有限元软件零长度截面单元引入一种纤维铰模型[16],实现对自复位桥墩接缝截面自复位反应的模拟。
在建立的自复位桥墩数值分析模型时,将其分为墩身和桥墩底部接缝处两部分。桥墩墩身采用非线性纤维梁柱单元模拟。接缝处采用纤维铰模型来模拟桥墩自复位反应。此外,建立承受的重力荷载以集中质量的方式施加于墩顶,桥墩本身质量忽略不计。
混凝土本构采用Concrete01材料模型,其本构关系如图7所示。
纵筋、耗能钢筋以及预应力筋均采用Steel02单轴材料模拟,其本构关系如图8所示,该材料本构关系是基于Giuffre-Mengotto-Pinto 模型发展而来。可以较好地模拟钢筋的各类反应,其中预应力筋需要定义初始应力。
基于OpenSees有限元软件进行数值模拟分析时,已有的模拟接缝处的模型有集中塑性铰模型和多弹簧模型。其中集中塑性铰模型是通过在接缝处设置两个平行的抗弯弹簧分别模拟预应力筋塑性铰和耗能钢筋来模拟桥墩底部的开合反应。多弹簧模型是需要在底部接缝处水平方向设置大量零长度弹簧单元来模拟混凝土的开合反应,然后建立钢性杆单元将零长度单元横向连接。而所使用的纤维铰模型在建立时与墩身非线性纤维墩身单元类似,图9为自复位纤维铰模型示意图。
纤维铰单元的长度和桥墩柱脚节点接缝长度一致,穿过柱脚接缝的耗能钢筋和预应力筋均嵌入到纤维铰单元中,直接在纤维铰单元中定义预应力筋与耗能钢筋纤维,其中预应力筋以及耗能钢筋纤维用混凝土纤维包裹,非接缝处的耗能钢筋和预应力筋构件采用有黏结预应力筋的模拟方式模拟。除此之外,接缝处的单元内的钢筋纤维及混凝土纤维力学性能要与实际构件受力等效需要进行相似变换。
墩身单元采用非线性纤维墩身单元来模拟,若某个桥墩墩身下边缘混凝土纤维的压缩变形应为Δc,塑性区的长度为lp,则梁截面下边沿混凝土的压应变为
εc= Δ c l p
由混凝土材料的本构关系fc=ϕ(εc)可确定梁截面下边沿混凝土纤维的应力为
fc=ϕ Δ c l p
为了保证纤维铰单元力学机理和实际结构一致,需要保证受压区混凝土纤维的变形与实际结构一致。纤维铰单元下边缘混凝土纤维的压缩变形应为Δc,此时假设纤维铰单元长度与桥墩柱脚接缝长度相同均为l',则纤维铰模型混凝土压应变为
ε'c= Δ c l '
为了保证在此变形下,模型混凝土纤维具有和实际结构同样的压应力,即
f'c=ϕ' Δ c l '=fc Δ c l p
通过式(33)将规范定义混凝土本构关系ϕ(εc)变换为纤维铰模型混凝土材料本构关系。即可保证纤维铰模型受力及变形与实际结构等效。
利用纤维铰模型将预应力筋和耗能钢筋分段设置在纤维铰单元和非线性墩身单元中。而纤维铰单元中的钢筋纤维长度远小于非线性纤维墩身单元钢筋纤维的长度,所以需要对纤维铰单元中的钢筋纤维做等效变换。
以预应力筋为例,若模型中纤维铰单元的长度为l',墩身单元钢筋纤维的长度为l0,E为预应力筋弹性模量。则预应力筋纤维变换为
E0= l ' l 0E
假设某种变形条件下,接缝处预应力筋伸长量为Δ0,σp0为预应力筋初始应力,实际构件中预应力筋应变为 Δ 0 l 0,应力为
σp0=σp0+E0 Δ 0 l 0
由式(35)可知,纤维铰单元的预应筋纤维拉力与非线性纤维墩身单元预应力筋纤维拉力相等,保证了模型对桥墩柱脚接缝预应力效应的准确模拟。
选用Palermo等[7]完成的HBD1试件来验证自复位桥墩模型的准确性。原型桥墩高4.8 m,截面宽度1.05 m,试验时将该桥墩缩小为原型桥墩的1/3。该试件截面为正方形,边长350 mm,墩高1 600 mm,HBD1试件配置2根面积为99 mm2的预应力筋以及4根直径为16 mm的耗能钢筋。
按照纤维铰模型对HBD1和PT1试件进行模型建立。纤维铰模型各参数由原始材料数据变换而来,纤维铰的长度与材料纤维长度的大小为变换的核心所在。以预应力筋为例,由于自复位桥墩接缝非常窄的原因,则纤维铰长度可取一个小值,此模型将其设置为l'=1,而预应力纤维长度l0=1 600,则预应力弹性模量可由式(34)得到。对模型进行低周往复加载,得到滞回曲线,并将其与试验结果进行对比。图10为试验与模拟滞回曲线对比图。
HBD1正方向滞回曲线屈服点试验值为34.06 kN,模拟值为33.11 kN,相差2.8%; HBD1正方向滞回曲线峰值荷载试验值为55.2 kN,模拟值为54.8 kN,相差0.7%。总体来说,由纤维铰模型模拟得到的试件强度、位移等与试验结果吻合较好,说明应用纤维铰模型来对桥墩柱脚节点能够比较准确的模拟出自复位桥墩的滞回反应。
对于自复位圆柱桥墩,目前并没有具体的试验。为了验证前文所的结论的准确性,建立一个自复位桥墩分析模型。该模型参数为高1 600 mm,桥墩直径为400 mm,混凝土抗压强度为54 N/mm2,墩身配置8根直径为10 mm的纵筋,其屈服强度为317 N/mm2。配置一根面积为99 mm2的预应力筋在墩身正中央,预应力筋的屈服强度为1 600 N/mm2,初始预张拉力为200 kN。配置4根耗能钢筋分布在预应力筋四周,耗能钢筋无黏结段为50 mm。
圆形截面的受压区高度为弓形,其数值范围为0~R,则可假设桥墩底部接缝处混凝土受压区高度为Hc=αR(0≤αR),其中αHcR之间的关系因子。以屈服点为例,根据式(8)可求得自复位桥墩在屈服状态下HcFc的关系,其计算结果如表1所示。根据表1所得结果可近似拟合出αFc的关系式为
Fc=3 705.3α-417.9
根据所求关系式即可求出桥墩在屈服状态下的受压区高度,然后可根据式(9)~式(11)可求得屈服点的水平力,根据式(12)~式(16)可求得屈服点的位移。
骨架曲线是滞回曲线的外包络线,能够反映构件不同阶段的受力与变形,是确定带有恢复力模型中特征点的重要依据。根据式(1)~式(22)对所建模型的消压点、屈服点和破环点进行了计算,结果如图11蓝色线所示。基于OpenSees 有限元分析软件利用纤维铰模型对建立的自复位桥墩模型进行数值分析,得到的骨架曲线结果如图11黑色线所示。
对比结果(图11)证明,推导得到的自复位桥墩的力-位移关系关键点与纤维铰模型建立的自复位桥墩模型得到的骨架曲线结果吻合较好,验证了推导方法的准确性。
对圆形截面自复位桥墩柱脚节点力学机理进行了理论分析,推导了桥墩整体的力与位移滞回曲线关键点的计算公式。引入纤维铰模型对自复位桥墩柱脚节点进行建模。得出如下主要结论。
(1)循环荷载下桥墩墩顶力-位移关系近为对称双旗形。推导了桥墩墩顶力-位移关系滞回曲线关键点表达式,包括消压点、屈服点、破坏点;建立了完整的力-位移理论分析曲线,建立该类结构的理论分析模型。
(2)根据圆形自复位桥墩截面的特点以及截面应力分布情况,采用数学微分法,给出了在加载时圆形截面受压区高度计算公式以及受压区合力点的计算公式。
(3)基于OpenSees有限元分析软件利用纤维铰模型建立的自复位桥墩模型,通过试验验证其准确性。
(4)通过纤维模型分析结果与理论分析模型结果的比较,表明本文模型的准确性。本文模型为自复位圆柱桥墩设计提供理论分析依据。可为今后的圆形截面自复位桥墩的研究、设计提供参考。
  • 河北省自然科学基金(E2020402079)
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2025年第25卷第12期
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2404105
  • 接收时间:2024-06-03
  • 首发时间:2025-07-09
  • 出版时间:2025-04-28
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  • 收稿日期:2024-06-03
  • 修回日期:2025-02-07
基金
河北省自然科学基金(E2020402079)
作者信息
    1 河北工程大学土木工程学院, 邯郸 056038
    2 河北省装配式结构技术创新中心, 邯郸 056000
    3 中国地震局建筑物破坏机理与防御重点实验室, 三河 065201

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* 齐虎(1982—),男,汉族,湖北公安人,博士,高级工程师。研究方向:防灾减灾工程。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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Genus
种数
Number of
species
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Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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