Article(id=1156963929718084186, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156963927277003616, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2403059, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1713974400000, receivedDateStr=2024-04-25, revisedDate=1734883200000, revisedDateStr=2024-12-23, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1753771296194, onlineDateStr=2025-07-29, pubDate=1742227200000, pubDateStr=2025-03-18, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1753771296194, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1753771296194, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753771296194, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1156963927277003616, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2025', volume='25', issue='8', pageStart='3079', pageEnd='3528', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1753771295613, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753777038876, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1156988016305726153, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156963927277003616, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1156988016305726154, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156963927277003616, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=3487, endPage=3496, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1156963930875712098, articleId=1156963929718084186, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=Analysis of the Influencing Factors and Effects of Highway Route Selection in Mountainous Areas by Using a Comprehensive Optimization Model, columnId=1156963929462231640, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Traffics and Transportations, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To solve the problems of multiple influencing factors, different focuses of participating parties, and inability to quantitatively describe the comparison and selection schemes in the current process of selecting routes for mountainous expressways, based on thorough research on the influencing factors of expressway and railway route selection at home and abroad, the influencing factors of expressway route selection in mountainous areas of China were systematically analyzed and summarized, and four aspects : economy, technology, safety and environment were summarized, totaling 16 specific influencing factors. Based on the Xihe to Tanchang Expressway project, a group of 164 experts from the local government, industry regulatory departments, owners, design, construction, supervision, third-party testing units, and research institutes in the project area were organized to form an expert group. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was used to evaluate the importance of 16 route selection influencing factors. The results show that the comprehensive weight average score of the three influencing factors in the environmental indicators is high, reflecting the further strengthening of environmental awareness in the field of engineering construction. To further establish a optimization model for scheme comparison, taking the scheme comparison of the route from the project Dengta Village to Haolin Village as an example, the technique for order preference by similarity to idea solution (TOPSIS) method based on the AHP was used to compare and select schemes. The superiority of the four comparison schemes is 2.84, 0.56, 0.72, and 2. 15, respectively, indicating that scheme 1 is optimal. Based on a comprehensive analysis of the factors affecting the selection of mountainous expressway routes, the research results adopt the AHP-TOPSIS comprehensive evaluation index system model. While fully utilizing expert experience, it can objectively and scientifically

, correspAuthors=Song-hong YAN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Jian ZHANG, Song-hong YAN, Zhi-gang ZENG, Hai-kuo LIU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1156963957660537461, articleId=1156963929718084186, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=CN, title=利用综合优选模型分析山区高速公路选线影响因素及效果, columnId=1154013916746211332, journalTitle=科学技术与工程, columnName=交通运输, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为解决当前山区高速公路选线过程中存在的影响因素多、参建各方侧重点不同、无法定量描述比选方案等难题,在充分调研中外高速公路及铁路选线影响因素的基础上,系统分析和总结中国山区高速公路选线影响因素,并将其概括为经济、技术、安全和环境4个方面,共计16个具体影响因子;依托西和—宕昌高速公路工程,组织项目区域所在地方政府、行业主管部门、业主、设计、施工、监理、第三方检测单位及科研院所相关专家共计164人组成专家组,采用层次分析法(analytic hierarchy process, AHP)对16个选线影响因子重要度进行评价。结果表明:环境指标中3个影响因素的综合权重平均分值较高,反映了工程建设领域环保意识的进一步加强。为进一步建立方案比选的优选模型,以依托项目灯塔———蒿林村段路线的方案比选为例,在AHP 的基础上运用逼近理想解的排序法(technique for order preference by similarity to idea solution, TOPSIS)对比选方案进行优选,4种比选方案的优越度分别为2.84、0.56、0.72、2.15,即方案1最优。研究成果在全面分析山区高速公路选线影响因素的前提下,采用AHP-TOPSIS 综合评判指标体系模型,在充分利用专家经验的同时,又能客观、科学的对比选方案进行最优解排序,较好地解决了山区高速公路选线问题,可为类似线形工程方案的选择提供参考。

, correspAuthors=严松宏, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*严松宏(1966—),男,汉族,江苏海安人,教授,博士研究生导师。研究方向:地下工程设计施工理论及其工程应用。E-mail:yan-songhong@163.com。
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张建(1987—),男,汉族,山东汶上人,博士研究生。研究方向:公路设计理论及其工程应用。E-mail:16813698@qq.com。

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张建(1987—),男,汉族,山东汶上人,博士研究生。研究方向:公路设计理论及其工程应用。E-mail:16813698@qq.com。

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张建(1987—),男,汉族,山东汶上人,博士研究生。研究方向:公路设计理论及其工程应用。E-mail:16813698@qq.com。

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Research on route selection design of highway engineering routes based on new concepts[J]. 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Security risk assessment method of internet of vehicles[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2022. 22(25): 11113-11119., articleTitle=Security risk assessment method of internet of vehicles, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1156986740603969582, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963929718084186, awardId=52208392, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金(52208392), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1156986740654301231, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963929718084186, awardId=52068044, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金(52068044), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1156986740729798704, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963929718084186, awardId=21JR7RA309, language=CN, fundingSource=甘肃省自然科学基金(21JR7RA309), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1156986740775936049, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963929718084186, awardId=2021M693843, language=CN, fundingSource=中国博士后科学基金(2021M693843), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1156986718357381987, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963929718084186, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1156986718361576292, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963929718084186, companyId=1156986718357381987, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 Gansu Provincial Transportation Planning Survey and Design Institute Co., Ltd. Lanzhou 730030 China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1156986723612844919, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963929718084186, companyId=1156986718357381987, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 甘肃省交通规划勘察设计院股份有限公司 兰州 730030)]), AuthorCompany(id=1156986723684148090, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963929718084186, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1156986723692536699, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963929718084186, companyId=1156986723684148090, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 School of Civil Engineering Lanzhou Jiaotong University Lanzhou 730070 China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1156986723696731004, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963929718084186, companyId=1156986723684148090, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 兰州交通大学 土木工程学院 兰州 730070)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1156986738368405522, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963929718084186, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Composition of evaluation expert group members, figureFileSmall=Q5EUFPlhEwWFJsDifB7JGw==, figureFileBig=SgPcwmj4X6EVwsNiJ3o5Rw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156986738427125779, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963929718084186, language=CN, label=图1, caption=评价专家组人员构成, figureFileSmall=Q5EUFPlhEwWFJsDifB7JGw==, figureFileBig=SgPcwmj4X6EVwsNiJ3o5Rw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156986738481651732, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963929718084186, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=The analysis diagram of the index hierarchy framework, figureFileSmall=M5iCjJ7U1UqsiFhCq1CPmg==, figureFileBig=SzmTDVrhDul6sfAQEdT8/g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156986738557149205, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963929718084186, language=CN, label=图2, caption=指标层次框架图, figureFileSmall=M5iCjJ7U1UqsiFhCq1CPmg==, figureFileBig=SzmTDVrhDul6sfAQEdT8/g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156986738620063766, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963929718084186, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Comprehensive weight summary chart, figureFileSmall=Ad9mpfQ90B1AN46mUOG4Zw==, figureFileBig=uYjEiixF3BA4PDGnOESTrQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156986738703949847, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963929718084186, language=CN, label=图3, caption=综合权重汇总图, figureFileSmall=Ad9mpfQ90B1AN46mUOG4Zw==, figureFileBig=uYjEiixF3BA4PDGnOESTrQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156986738766864408, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963929718084186, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Comparison and selection of route plans, figureFileSmall=AD+BTubz6riwWjcJg/qS5Q==, figureFileBig=A4DMBIyQ6fkyt8SaILg68Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156986738821390361, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963929718084186, language=CN, label=图4, caption=路线方案比选图, figureFileSmall=AD+BTubz6riwWjcJg/qS5Q==, figureFileBig=A4DMBIyQ6fkyt8SaILg68Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156986738884304922, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963929718084186, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=Relative importance, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
名称 意义 量值
一样重要 因素 ${X}_{i}$${X}_{i}$ 一样重要 1
比较重要 因素 ${X}_{i}$${X}_{j}$ 比较重要 3
很重要 因素 ${X}_{i}$${X}_{i}$ 很重要 5
尤其重要 因素 ${X}_{i}$${X}_{j}$ 尤其重要 7
一定重要 因素 ${X}_{i}$${X}_{j}$ 一定重要 9
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名称 意义 量值
一样重要 因素 ${X}_{i}$${X}_{i}$ 一样重要 1
比较重要 因素 ${X}_{i}$${X}_{j}$ 比较重要 3
很重要 因素 ${X}_{i}$${X}_{i}$ 很重要 5
尤其重要 因素 ${X}_{i}$${X}_{j}$ 尤其重要 7
一定重要 因素 ${X}_{i}$${X}_{j}$ 一定重要 9
), ArticleFig(id=1156986739060465692, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963929718084186, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=Average random consistency, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
阶数 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
${R}_{1}$ 0 0 0.6 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5
), ArticleFig(id=1156986739119185949, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963929718084186, language=CN, label=表2, caption=平均随机一致性程度, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
阶数 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
${R}_{1}$ 0 0 0.6 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5
), ArticleFig(id=1156986739207266334, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963929718084186, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption= $O - W$ judgment matrix, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
$\mathbf{O}- \mathbf{W}$ ${W}_{1}$ ${W}_{2}$ ${W}_{3}$ ${W}_{4}$
${W}_{1}$ 1 $\frac{4}{5}$ $\frac{1}{2}$ $\frac{5}{4}$
${W}_{2}$ $\frac{5}{4}$ 1 $\frac{2}{3}$ $\frac{5}{4}$
${W}_{3}$ 2 $\frac{3}{2}$ 1 $\frac{5}{2}$
${W}_{4}$ $\frac{4}{5}$ $\frac{4}{5}$ $\frac{2}{5}$ 1
), ArticleFig(id=1156986739291152415, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963929718084186, language=CN, label=表3, caption= $O - W$ 判断矩阵, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
$\mathbf{O}- \mathbf{W}$ ${W}_{1}$ ${W}_{2}$ ${W}_{3}$ ${W}_{4}$
${W}_{1}$ 1 $\frac{4}{5}$ $\frac{1}{2}$ $\frac{5}{4}$
${W}_{2}$ $\frac{5}{4}$ 1 $\frac{2}{3}$ $\frac{5}{4}$
${W}_{3}$ 2 $\frac{3}{2}$ 1 $\frac{5}{2}$
${W}_{4}$ $\frac{4}{5}$ $\frac{4}{5}$ $\frac{2}{5}$ 1
), ArticleFig(id=1156986739358261280, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963929718084186, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption= $W - X$ judgment matrix (1), figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
$W - X$ ${W}_{11}$ ${W}_{12}$ ${W}_{13}$ ${W}_{14}$
${W}_{11}$ 1 $\frac{5}{4}$ 2 $\frac{5}{2}$
${W}_{12}$ $\frac{4}{5}$ 1 $\frac{3}{2}$ 4
${W}_{13}$ $\frac{1}{2}$ $\frac{2}{3}$ 1 $\frac{6}{5}$
${W}_{14}$ $\frac{2}{5}$ $\frac{1}{4}$ $\frac{5}{6}$ 1
), ArticleFig(id=1156986739454730273, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963929718084186, language=CN, label=表4, caption= $W - X$ 判断矩阵 (1), figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
$W - X$ ${W}_{11}$ ${W}_{12}$ ${W}_{13}$ ${W}_{14}$
${W}_{11}$ 1 $\frac{5}{4}$ 2 $\frac{5}{2}$
${W}_{12}$ $\frac{4}{5}$ 1 $\frac{3}{2}$ 4
${W}_{13}$ $\frac{1}{2}$ $\frac{2}{3}$ 1 $\frac{6}{5}$
${W}_{14}$ $\frac{2}{5}$ $\frac{1}{4}$ $\frac{5}{6}$ 1
), ArticleFig(id=1156986739551199266, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963929718084186, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption= $W - X$ judgment matrix (2), figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
$W - X$ ${W}_{21}$ ${W}_{22}$ ${W}_{23}$ ${W}_{24}$ ${W}_{25}$ ${W}_{26}$
${W}_{21}$ 1 $\frac{3}{2}$ 2 $\frac{2}{3}$ $\frac{1}{3}$ $\frac{1}{2}$
${W}_{22}$ $\frac{2}{3}$ 1 3 $\frac{1}{2}$ $\frac{1}{3}$ $\frac{1}{2}$
${W}_{23}$ $\frac{1}{2}$ $\frac{1}{3}$ 1 $\frac{1}{3}$ $\frac{2}{3}$ $\frac{1}{2}$
${W}_{24}$ $\frac{3}{2}$ 2 3 1 $\frac{2}{3}$ $\frac{4}{5}$
${W}_{25}$ 3 3 3 $\frac{3}{2}$ 1 $\frac{4}{5}$
${W}_{26}$ 2 2 2 $\frac{5}{4}$ $\frac{5}{4}$ 1
), ArticleFig(id=1156986739609919523, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963929718084186, language=CN, label=表5, caption= $W - X$ 判断矩阵 (2), figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
$W - X$ ${W}_{21}$ ${W}_{22}$ ${W}_{23}$ ${W}_{24}$ ${W}_{25}$ ${W}_{26}$
${W}_{21}$ 1 $\frac{3}{2}$ 2 $\frac{2}{3}$ $\frac{1}{3}$ $\frac{1}{2}$
${W}_{22}$ $\frac{2}{3}$ 1 3 $\frac{1}{2}$ $\frac{1}{3}$ $\frac{1}{2}$
${W}_{23}$ $\frac{1}{2}$ $\frac{1}{3}$ 1 $\frac{1}{3}$ $\frac{2}{3}$ $\frac{1}{2}$
${W}_{24}$ $\frac{3}{2}$ 2 3 1 $\frac{2}{3}$ $\frac{4}{5}$
${W}_{25}$ 3 3 3 $\frac{3}{2}$ 1 $\frac{4}{5}$
${W}_{26}$ 2 2 2 $\frac{5}{4}$ $\frac{5}{4}$ 1
), ArticleFig(id=1156986739672834084, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963929718084186, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption= $\;W - X$ judgment matrix (3), figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
$W - X$ ${W}_{31}$ ${W}_{32}$ ${W}_{33}$
${W}_{31}$ 1 $\frac{2}{3}$ $\frac{1}{2}$
${W}_{32}$ $\frac{3}{2}$ 1 $\frac{6}{5}$
${W}_{33}$ 2 $\frac{5}{6}$ 1
), ArticleFig(id=1156986739748331557, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963929718084186, language=CN, label=表6, caption= $W - X$ 判断矩阵 (3), figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
$W - X$ ${W}_{31}$ ${W}_{32}$ ${W}_{33}$
${W}_{31}$ 1 $\frac{2}{3}$ $\frac{1}{2}$
${W}_{32}$ $\frac{3}{2}$ 1 $\frac{6}{5}$
${W}_{33}$ 2 $\frac{5}{6}$ 1
), ArticleFig(id=1156986739811246118, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963929718084186, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption= $\;W - X$ judgment matrix (4), figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
$W - X$ ${W}_{41}$ ${W}_{42}$ ${W}_{43}$
${W}_{41}$ 1 2 $\frac{5}{4}$
${W}_{42}$ $\frac{1}{2}$ 1 $\frac{2}{3}$
${W}_{43}$ $\frac{4}{5}$ $\frac{3}{2}$ 1
), ArticleFig(id=1156986739890937895, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963929718084186, language=CN, label=表7, caption= $W - X$ 判断矩阵 (4), figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
$W - X$ ${W}_{41}$ ${W}_{42}$ ${W}_{43}$
${W}_{41}$ 1 2 $\frac{5}{4}$
${W}_{42}$ $\frac{1}{2}$ 1 $\frac{2}{3}$
${W}_{43}$ $\frac{4}{5}$ $\frac{3}{2}$ 1
), ArticleFig(id=1156986739949658152, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963929718084186, language=EN, label=Table 8, caption=Level total ranking weight, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
$X$ ${W}_{1}$ ${W}_{2}$ ${W}_{3}$ ${W}_{4}$ 综合权重
${W}_{11}$ 0.37 - - - 0.093
${W}_{12}$ 0.29 - - - 0.073
${W}_{13}$ 0.19 - - - 0.047
${W}_{14}$ 0.15 - - - 0.037
${W}_{21}$ - 0.13 - - 0.032
${W}_{22}$ - 0.11 - - 0.029
${W}_{23}$ - 0.08 - - 0.020
${W}_{24}$ - 0.20 - - 0.050
${W}_{25}$ - 0.24 - - 0.061
${W}_{26}$ - 0.23 - - 0.059
${W}_{31}$ - - 0.22 - 0.056
${W}_{32}$ - - 0.39 - 0.098
${W}_{33}$ - - 0.38 - 0.096
${W}_{41}$ - - - 0.44 0.109
${W}_{42}$ - - - 0.22 0.056
${W}_{43}$ - - - 0.34 0.085
), ArticleFig(id=1156986740075487273, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963929718084186, language=CN, label=表8, caption=层次总排序权值, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
$X$ ${W}_{1}$ ${W}_{2}$ ${W}_{3}$ ${W}_{4}$ 综合权重
${W}_{11}$ 0.37 - - - 0.093
${W}_{12}$ 0.29 - - - 0.073
${W}_{13}$ 0.19 - - - 0.047
${W}_{14}$ 0.15 - - - 0.037
${W}_{21}$ - 0.13 - - 0.032
${W}_{22}$ - 0.11 - - 0.029
${W}_{23}$ - 0.08 - - 0.020
${W}_{24}$ - 0.20 - - 0.050
${W}_{25}$ - 0.24 - - 0.061
${W}_{26}$ - 0.23 - - 0.059
${W}_{31}$ - - 0.22 - 0.056
${W}_{32}$ - - 0.39 - 0.098
${W}_{33}$ - - 0.38 - 0.096
${W}_{41}$ - - - 0.44 0.109
${W}_{42}$ - - - 0.22 0.056
${W}_{43}$ - - - 0.34 0.085
), ArticleFig(id=1156986740146790442, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963929718084186, language=EN, label=Table 9, caption=Main indicators for comparison scheme, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号 项目 参数 方案 1 方案 2 方案 3 方案 4
1 路线 长度/m 8 847 9 765 9 938 10 039
平曲线最小半径/m 1 100 700 1 100 750
最大纵坡/% 2.60 2.50 2.85 3.90
2 路基 挖方 $/{\mathrm{{km}}}^{3}$ 1.540 19.728 409.74 46.35
填方 $/{\mathrm{{km}}}^{3}$ 3.564 72.568 5.980 4.650
防护排水 $/{\mathrm{{km}}}^{3}$ 0.250 0.324 17.432 31.520
3 路面 沥青路面 $/{\mathrm{{km}}}^{2}$ 194.634 214.830 218.636 220.858
4 桥涵 特大桥 $/\left({\mathrm{m}\cdot {\text{ 座 }}^{-1}}\right)$ - 1 568/1 - 6 248/1
大桥 $/\left({\mathrm{m}\cdot {\text{ 座 }}^{-1}}\right)$ 780/1 - 2 814.75/1 -
涵洞/道 - 1 1 2
桥梁总长 $/\mathrm{m}$ 780/1 1 568/1 2 814.75/6 6 248/1
5 隧道 特长隧道/$\left({\mathrm{m}\cdot {\text{ 座 }}^{-1}}\right)$ 8 067/1 8 118/2 3 762/1 3 791/1
长隧道/(m・座 ${}^{-1}$) - - 2 415/1 -
短隧道/($\mathrm{m}\cdot$${}^{-1}$) - - 420/1 -
隧道总长 $/\left({\mathrm{m}\cdot {\text{ 座 }}^{-1}}\right)$ 8 067/1 8 118/2 6 597/3 3 791/1
6 建安费/万元 166 441.96 171 609.175 170 173.58 187 861.74
7 征迁 占地 $/{\mathrm{m}}^{2}$ 10 193 50 194 160 072 182 654
拆迁建筑物 $/\left({{\mathrm{m}}^{2}\cdot {\mathrm{户}}^{-1}}\right)$ - - 2 250/15 4 200/28
8 造价/万元 166 625.44 172 512.66 173 804.87 192 549.55
), ArticleFig(id=1156986740218093611, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963929718084186, language=CN, label=表9, caption=比选方案主要指标, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号 项目 参数 方案 1 方案 2 方案 3 方案 4
1 路线 长度/m 8 847 9 765 9 938 10 039
平曲线最小半径/m 1 100 700 1 100 750
最大纵坡/% 2.60 2.50 2.85 3.90
2 路基 挖方 $/{\mathrm{{km}}}^{3}$ 1.540 19.728 409.74 46.35
填方 $/{\mathrm{{km}}}^{3}$ 3.564 72.568 5.980 4.650
防护排水 $/{\mathrm{{km}}}^{3}$ 0.250 0.324 17.432 31.520
3 路面 沥青路面 $/{\mathrm{{km}}}^{2}$ 194.634 214.830 218.636 220.858
4 桥涵 特大桥 $/\left({\mathrm{m}\cdot {\text{ 座 }}^{-1}}\right)$ - 1 568/1 - 6 248/1
大桥 $/\left({\mathrm{m}\cdot {\text{ 座 }}^{-1}}\right)$ 780/1 - 2 814.75/1 -
涵洞/道 - 1 1 2
桥梁总长 $/\mathrm{m}$ 780/1 1 568/1 2 814.75/6 6 248/1
5 隧道 特长隧道/$\left({\mathrm{m}\cdot {\text{ 座 }}^{-1}}\right)$ 8 067/1 8 118/2 3 762/1 3 791/1
长隧道/(m・座 ${}^{-1}$) - - 2 415/1 -
短隧道/($\mathrm{m}\cdot$${}^{-1}$) - - 420/1 -
隧道总长 $/\left({\mathrm{m}\cdot {\text{ 座 }}^{-1}}\right)$ 8 067/1 8 118/2 6 597/3 3 791/1
6 建安费/万元 166 441.96 171 609.175 170 173.58 187 861.74
7 征迁 占地 $/{\mathrm{m}}^{2}$ 10 193 50 194 160 072 182 654
拆迁建筑物 $/\left({{\mathrm{m}}^{2}\cdot {\mathrm{户}}^{-1}}\right)$ - - 2 250/15 4 200/28
8 造价/万元 166 625.44 172 512.66 173 804.87 192 549.55
), ArticleFig(id=1156986740297785388, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963929718084186, language=EN, label=Table 10, caption=Comprehensive evaluation index system of each plan, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方案 经济指标 ${W}_{1}$ 技术指标 ${W}_{2}$ 安全指标 ${W}_{3}$ 环境指标 ${W}_{4}$
${W}_{11}$ ${W}_{12}$ ${W}_{13}$ ${W}_{14}$ ${W}_{21}$ ${W}_{22}$ ${W}_{23}$ ${W}_{24}$ ${W}_{25}$ ${W}_{26}$ ${W}_{31}$ ${W}_{32}$ ${W}_{33}$ ${W}_{41}$ ${W}_{42}$ ${W}_{43}$
方案 1 15.69 1.71 0.01 0 0.85 0.80 0.75 0.55 0.90 0.80 0.90 0.95 0.80 0.50 0.90 0.85
方案 2 17.16 1.76 0.09 0 0.90 0.75 0.50 0.70 0.90 0.50 0.50 0.70 0.86 0.90 0.80 0.75
方案 3 17.02 1.76 0.29 0.08 0.70 0.70 0.60 0.75 0.70 0.70 0.65 0.80 0.85 0.80 0.70 0.70
方案 4 17.82 1.80 0.31 0.22 0.80 0.80 0.50 0.80 0.50 0.75 0.70 0.90 0.90 0.70 0.50 0.60
), ArticleFig(id=1156986740364894253, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156963929718084186, language=CN, label=表10, caption=各方案的综合评判指标体系, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方案 经济指标 ${W}_{1}$ 技术指标 ${W}_{2}$ 安全指标 ${W}_{3}$ 环境指标 ${W}_{4}$
${W}_{11}$ ${W}_{12}$ ${W}_{13}$ ${W}_{14}$ ${W}_{21}$ ${W}_{22}$ ${W}_{23}$ ${W}_{24}$ ${W}_{25}$ ${W}_{26}$ ${W}_{31}$ ${W}_{32}$ ${W}_{33}$ ${W}_{41}$ ${W}_{42}$ ${W}_{43}$
方案 1 15.69 1.71 0.01 0 0.85 0.80 0.75 0.55 0.90 0.80 0.90 0.95 0.80 0.50 0.90 0.85
方案 2 17.16 1.76 0.09 0 0.90 0.75 0.50 0.70 0.90 0.50 0.50 0.70 0.86 0.90 0.80 0.75
方案 3 17.02 1.76 0.29 0.08 0.70 0.70 0.60 0.75 0.70 0.70 0.65 0.80 0.85 0.80 0.70 0.70
方案 4 17.82 1.80 0.31 0.22 0.80 0.80 0.50 0.80 0.50 0.75 0.70 0.90 0.90 0.70 0.50 0.60
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利用综合优选模型分析山区高速公路选线影响因素及效果
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张建 1, 2 , 严松宏 2, * , 曾志刚 1 , 刘海阔 1
科学技术与工程 | 交通运输 2025,25(8): 3487-3496
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科学技术与工程 | 交通运输 2025, 25(8): 3487-3496
利用综合优选模型分析山区高速公路选线影响因素及效果
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张建1, 2 , 严松宏2, * , 曾志刚1, 刘海阔1
作者信息
  • 1 甘肃省交通规划勘察设计院股份有限公司 兰州 730030
  • 2 兰州交通大学 土木工程学院 兰州 730070
  • 张建(1987—),男,汉族,山东汶上人,博士研究生。研究方向:公路设计理论及其工程应用。E-mail:16813698@qq.com。

通讯作者:

*严松宏(1966—),男,汉族,江苏海安人,教授,博士研究生导师。研究方向:地下工程设计施工理论及其工程应用。E-mail:yan-songhong@163.com。
Analysis of the Influencing Factors and Effects of Highway Route Selection in Mountainous Areas by Using a Comprehensive Optimization Model
Jian ZHANG1, 2 , Song-hong YAN2, * , Zhi-gang ZENG1, Hai-kuo LIU1
Affiliations
  • 1 Gansu Provincial Transportation Planning Survey and Design Institute Co., Ltd. Lanzhou 730030 China
  • 2 School of Civil Engineering Lanzhou Jiaotong University Lanzhou 730070 China
出版时间: 2025-03-18 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2403059
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为解决当前山区高速公路选线过程中存在的影响因素多、参建各方侧重点不同、无法定量描述比选方案等难题,在充分调研中外高速公路及铁路选线影响因素的基础上,系统分析和总结中国山区高速公路选线影响因素,并将其概括为经济、技术、安全和环境4个方面,共计16个具体影响因子;依托西和—宕昌高速公路工程,组织项目区域所在地方政府、行业主管部门、业主、设计、施工、监理、第三方检测单位及科研院所相关专家共计164人组成专家组,采用层次分析法(analytic hierarchy process, AHP)对16个选线影响因子重要度进行评价。结果表明:环境指标中3个影响因素的综合权重平均分值较高,反映了工程建设领域环保意识的进一步加强。为进一步建立方案比选的优选模型,以依托项目灯塔———蒿林村段路线的方案比选为例,在AHP 的基础上运用逼近理想解的排序法(technique for order preference by similarity to idea solution, TOPSIS)对比选方案进行优选,4种比选方案的优越度分别为2.84、0.56、0.72、2.15,即方案1最优。研究成果在全面分析山区高速公路选线影响因素的前提下,采用AHP-TOPSIS 综合评判指标体系模型,在充分利用专家经验的同时,又能客观、科学的对比选方案进行最优解排序,较好地解决了山区高速公路选线问题,可为类似线形工程方案的选择提供参考。

高速公路选线  /  影响因素  /  层次分析法(AHP)  /  逼近理想解排序法(TOPSIS)  /  综合比选

To solve the problems of multiple influencing factors, different focuses of participating parties, and inability to quantitatively describe the comparison and selection schemes in the current process of selecting routes for mountainous expressways, based on thorough research on the influencing factors of expressway and railway route selection at home and abroad, the influencing factors of expressway route selection in mountainous areas of China were systematically analyzed and summarized, and four aspects : economy, technology, safety and environment were summarized, totaling 16 specific influencing factors. Based on the Xihe to Tanchang Expressway project, a group of 164 experts from the local government, industry regulatory departments, owners, design, construction, supervision, third-party testing units, and research institutes in the project area were organized to form an expert group. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was used to evaluate the importance of 16 route selection influencing factors. The results show that the comprehensive weight average score of the three influencing factors in the environmental indicators is high, reflecting the further strengthening of environmental awareness in the field of engineering construction. To further establish a optimization model for scheme comparison, taking the scheme comparison of the route from the project Dengta Village to Haolin Village as an example, the technique for order preference by similarity to idea solution (TOPSIS) method based on the AHP was used to compare and select schemes. The superiority of the four comparison schemes is 2.84, 0.56, 0.72, and 2. 15, respectively, indicating that scheme 1 is optimal. Based on a comprehensive analysis of the factors affecting the selection of mountainous expressway routes, the research results adopt the AHP-TOPSIS comprehensive evaluation index system model. While fully utilizing expert experience, it can objectively and scientifically

highway route selection  /  influencing factor  /  analytical hierarchy process (AHP)  /  technique for order preference by similarigy to idea solution (TOPSIS)  /  comprehensive comparison and selection
张建, 严松宏, 曾志刚, 刘海阔. 利用综合优选模型分析山区高速公路选线影响因素及效果. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (8) : 3487 -3496 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2403059
Jian ZHANG, Song-hong YAN, Zhi-gang ZENG, Hai-kuo LIU. Analysis of the Influencing Factors and Effects of Highway Route Selection in Mountainous Areas by Using a Comprehensive Optimization Model[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (8) : 3487 -3496 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2403059
高速公路建设环境由中东部平原地区转入山岭地区。山区地形地貌复杂多变、地质条件恶劣, 高速公路作为一种线性工程, 在给沿线地区经济带来积极推动作用的同时, 对当地生态环境、人文社会也会造成一定的冲击。在此背景下, 高速公路的选线就变得尤为复杂和重要[1]
目前, 中外研究人员对于高速选线影响因素开展了大量研究。刘沛源等[2] 结合 SBAS-InSAR 技术有效识别山区公路潜在滑坡隐患区, 为山区公路的准确选线提供科学依据。袁东等[3] 根据泥石流的类型和分布规律进行系统研究, 并提出相应的选线对策。李良英等[4] 基于 FLUENT 欧拉双流体模型提出了沙漠公路平面线型选取标准。同时, 研究人员还从自然灾害[5] 、环境敏感区域[6] 、碳排放[7] 等方面开展了大量研究及工程应用。
决策模型方面, 外国应用范围较广, 如离散单元法[8] 、球面模糊层次分析法 (spherical fuzzy-analytic hierarchy process, SF-AHP)[9] 、Kano 模型[10] 、精简的层次分析法(analytic hierarchy process, AHP)模[11] 、混合模糊 SWARA (step-wise weight assessment ratio analysis)-COPRAS (complex proportional assessment of alternatives) 框架方法[12] 、AHP-COPRAS 和 AHP-ARAS (additive ratio assessment) 决策方法[13] 等。中国方面在路线选择上主要有遗传算法[14] 、云模型和累积前景理论[15] 等。
上述研究多聚焦于具体依托工程, 有很大程度的地域限制。同时,研究对象多为单指标或少数指标, 没有涉及山区高速公路选线的全部影响因素, 结论的适用性具有局限性。同时, 在分析方法大多依靠专家经验指导或纯理论研究, 使得方案选择具有极大的模糊性和未知性, 仅靠专家意见进行取舍掩盖了由多因素组成系统的复杂性, 没有实现全影响因素与专家经验结合后的科学决策。在决策模型的选择方面, 层次分析法由于其分析结果的可量化性能取得了广泛的应用。王国娟等[16] 将层次分析法应用于停车管理水平的评价体系中。姜伟等[17] 联合运用层次分析法和模糊综合评价法对盾构掘进适应性进行了定性评价。陶力等[18] 通过层次分析法对影响车联网安全的态势要素进行评估分析, 更加真实有效地反映车联网当前状态下的风险情况。
为此, 充分调查、分析山区公路建设全过程, 全面判定影响高速公路选线的因素, 构建山区高速公路选线的全因素评价体系;通过 AHP 和逼近理想解的排序法(technique for order preference by similarity to idea solution, TOPSIS) 对基于专家经验的评价模型进行科学决策; 以西和一宕昌高速公路某一段路线方案为研究对象, 在考虑全部影响因素的前提下对其优选模型进行验证。所提出的路线方案优选模型充分考虑专家建设经验并进行客观决策, 对山区高速公路选线具有指导意义。
山区地形复杂, 立体性气候多变, 不良地质发育,具有丰富的自然生态环境。同时,山岭地区可利用土地资源较少,居民房屋、耕地随形就势分布。故山区高速公路布线时受控因素较多, 具体建设及运营过程中,可将上述影响因素分为经济因素、技术因素、安全因素和环境因素。
得益于国家积极的财政政策, 近 40 年来, 国家高等级公路得到了迅猛发展。随着公路行业投资模式的转变, 山区高速公路较小的交通量与巨大的投资规模之间的矛盾日益突出, 投资各方更倾向于投资规模较小的路线方案, 但对其他各影响因素的不利影响则会增加,这本身就是一个极难调和的矛盾。
山区高速公路的全寿命周期经济成本主要分为建设成本、运营成本、征地成本及房屋拆迁安置成本。投资及收益模式的不同, 参建各方对各个成本的重视度也不同,需考虑方案的经济可行性和投资回报率。
技术因素主要包含线路的几何条件、构筑物建设难度、对主要控制因素的影响、地质条件、工期、 临建设施建设难度。
线路的几何条件主要为路线平、纵指标的选择和组合;构筑物特别是主要构筑物的建设难度在一定程度上决定了建设投资规模和施工难度; 主要控制因素包含自然保护区、文物、大型厂矿企业、民居聚居区等主要敏感点, 这些因素决定了路线的主要走向;地质条件主要为路线与不良地质之间的影响关系,对工程安全及造价影响较大;工期是参加各方及地方政府较为关心的问题, 也影响了投资贷款利息;临建设施建设难度主要为临建位置选取困难, 无形中增加较多的材料运输成本。
安全因素主要包括建设期间的施工安全、运营期间的行车安全以及因为项目的建设所带来的社会稳定影响。
项目的建设不可避免地会对当地已有的基础设施、景观环境、居民生活及各种资源产生影响,因此, 在选线时应进行详尽的调查, 收集完备的社会资料, 综合考虑民族特点、文化传承等社会文化因素。
环境因素主要包含地下水、噪声及震动、生物多样性。山岭地区蕴含丰富的水资源及野生动植物生态系统,高速公路为带状工程,项目的建设不可避免地会对其有所影响。
层次分析法指将与决策有关的元素分解成目标、准则、方案等层次,在此基础上进行定性和定量分析的决策方法。在每级层次中的每个因素对结果的影响程度都是量化的, 采用该方法能够清晰明确地表明路线方案影响因素的重要度, 对于制定方案科学性、及时性具有重要的意义。
应用层次分析法解决复杂的决策问题主要分 3 步进行, 首先建立问题的结构层次模型; 其次进行偏好分析, 计算分层权系数, 进行两两比较 (成对比较);最后进行综合分析,计算综合权系数。两两比较中赋值标准如表1 所示。
创建上层元素为下一层元素基准地层次结构模型,构造判断矩阵$\mathbf{D}$
$\mathbf{D}= \left\lbrack \begin{matrix}{X}_{11}& {X}_{12}& \cdots &{X}_{1n}\\{X}_{21}& {X}_{22}& \cdots &{X}_{2n}\\\vdots &\vdots && \vdots \\{X}_{m1}& {X}_{m2}& \cdots &{X}_{mn}\end{matrix}\right\rbrack =\left\lbrack \begin{matrix}\frac{{X}_{1}}{{X}_{1}}& \frac{{X}_{1}}{{X}_{2}}& \cdots &\frac{{X}_{1}}{{X}_{n}}\\\frac{{X}_{2}}{{X}_{1}}& \frac{{X}_{2}}{{X}_{2}}& \cdots &\frac{{X}_{2}}{{X}_{n}}\\\vdots &\vdots && \vdots \\\frac{{X}_{m}}{{X}_{1}}& \frac{{X}_{m}}{{X}_{2}}& \cdots &\frac{{X}_{m}}{{X}_{n}}\end{matrix}\right\rbrack $
(1)式 (1) 中:${X}_{mn}$ 为要素${X}_{m}$ 与要素${X}_{n}$ 比较的重要性;${X}_{1},{X}_{2},\cdots ,{X}_{n}$ 为各要素层的要素对于目标层的重要性,${X}_{mn}= \frac{{X}_{m}}{{X}_{n}}$
解特征根$\mathbf{{DW}}= {\lambda }_{\max }\mathbf{W}$ 经正规化后为因素的排序权重。其中,${\lambda }_{\max }$ 为判断矩阵$\mathbf{D}$ 的最大特征根, 取值见式(5)。
(1)将判断矩阵$\mathbf{D}$ 中的元素按行相乘,可得第$i$ 行元素乘积${M}_{i}$
${M}_{i}= \mathop{\prod }\limits_{{j = 1}}^{n}{D}_{ij}$
式 (2) 中:${D}_{ij}$ 为判断矩阵$\mathbf{D}$ 中第$i$ 行、第$j$ 列的元素。
(2)${M}_{i}$$n$ 次方根可表示为
${\bar{W}}_{i}= \sqrt[n]{{M}_{i}}$ (3)
(3)${\bar{W}}_{i}$ 正规化为
${W}_{i}= \frac{{\bar{W}}_{i}}{\mathop{\sum }\limits_{{j = 1}}^{n}{\bar{W}}_{j}}$
(4)最大特征根为
${\lambda }_{\max }= \mathop{\sum }\limits_{{i = 1}}^{n}\frac{{\left(\mathbf{{DW}}\right)}_{i}}{n{W}_{i}}$
为了使判断结果更好地贴合实际工程情况, 消除判断矩阵建立者因个人知识、经验所带来地误差, 建立判断矩阵的一致性检验公式为
${C}_{\mathrm{R}}= \frac{{C}_{\mathrm{I}}}{{R}_{\mathrm{I}}}$
式 (6) 中:${C}_{\mathrm{R}}$ 为判断矩阵的一致性程度;${C}_{\mathrm{I}}$ 为一致性检验指标;${R}_{1}$ 为平均随机的一致性程度,取值如表2 所示。
${C}_{\mathrm{I}}= \frac{{\lambda }_{\max }- n}{n - 1}$
式 (7) 中:$n$ 为判断矩阵$\mathbf{D}$ 的阶数。
${C}_{\mathrm{R}}\leq {0.1}$,结果可用,否则重新调整判断矩阵并再次进行一致性检验。
为更好地表述山区高速公路选线影响因素, 依托拟建项目西和一宕昌高速公路进行示例分析。该项目位于甘肃省陇南市北部,地处陇南山区,属于长江流域。路线全长${99.8}\mathrm{\;{km}}$,桥隧比例${84}\%$,通过 3 个县区、12 个乡镇,沿线涉及国家森林公园、省级文保单位、兰渝铁路、水源地保护区、居民聚居地等多处主要控制因素点。项目沿线地貌属侵蚀堆积河谷 (沟谷) 区、构造剥蚀中山区及构造剥蚀低山丘陵区,涉及含岷江在内的 10 余条河流、29 条活动断层。本项目具有生态环境脆弱、廊道资源稀缺的特点, 在山区高速公路建设条件中具有代表性。
图1 所示, 本次评价专家来自项目区域所在地方政府、行业主管部门、业主、设计、施工、监理、 第三方检测单位及科研院所, 涵盖项目影响范围内的各个方面。在人员选择中, 分为初 (中) 级职称、 高级工程师、正高级工程师 3 种,对于未进行工程技术岗职称评定的政府部门及科研院校人员按照工作年限或相应教学岗职称进行对应分类。
根据类似工程建设经验, 确定影响因素的重要度,构建比较对象的综合选择$\mathbf{O}$ 体系:一是经济指标$\left({W}_{1}\right)$,包括: 建设成本$\left({W}_{11}\right)$、运营成本$\left({W}_{12}\right)$、征地成本$\left({W}_{13}\right)$ 及房屋拆迁安置成本$\left({W}_{14}\right)$ ; 二是技术指标$\left({W}_{2}\right)$,包括:主线施工难度$\left({W}_{21}\right)$、路线几何条件$\left({W}_{22}\right)$、临建设施施工难度$\left({W}_{23}\right)$、工期$\left({W}_{24}\right)$、主要控制因素$\left({W}_{25}\right)$、地质条件$\left({W}_{26}\right)$ ; 三是安全指标$\left({W}_{3}\right)$,包括: 施工期间安全性$\left({W}_{31}\right)$、运营期间行车安全$\left({W}_{32}\right)$、社会稳定影响$\left({W}_{33}\right)$ ; 四是环境指标$\left({W}_{4}\right)$,包括: 水环境$\left({W}_{41}\right)$、噪声及振动$\left({W}_{42}\right)$、生物多样性$\left({W}_{43}\right)$。如图2 所示,该体系含 4 个方面 16 个因素。
(1) 建立$\mathbf{O}- \mathbf{W}$ 判断矩阵,如表3 所示。由式(2)~式(7)确定${C}_{\mathrm{R}}= {0.003}< {0.1}$,满足一致性要求。
(2)建立$\mathbf{W}- \mathbf{X}$ 判断矩阵。经济指标判断矩阵如表4 所示,得${C}_{\mathrm{R}}= {0.004}< {0.1}$,满足一致性要求。
技术指标判断矩阵如表5 所示,得${C}_{\mathrm{R}}= {0.05}$ < 0.1 ,满足一致性要求。
安全指标判断矩阵如表6 所示,得${C}_{\mathrm{R}}=$ ${0.02}< {0.1}$,满足一致性要求。
环境指标判断矩阵为如表7 所示,得${C}_{\mathrm{R}}=$ ${0.0004}< {0.1}$,满足一致性要求。
经计算, 最终各评判指标层次总排序如表8 所示。将表8 结果整理后如图3 所示。
分析可知, 在经济指标中, 建设成本的综合权重最高, 在实际的项目建设过程中, 建设成本相较于其他 3 个成本金额最高, 对于项目的实施与否具有决定性作用,符合对于项目建设的朴素认知;技术指标中, 评价人员对于主要控制因素和地质条件的重视程度相当; 安全指标中, 评价人员对于行车安全和社会稳定性的重视程度明显高于施工期间的安全性, 这也与近些年来我国越来越成熟的施工经验、典型工程的成功所带来的建设技术的自信有关;环境指标中, 3 个影响因素的综合权重平均分值较高, 尤其是对于水资源的重视程度是最高的, 这也反映中国交通从业人员环保意识的逐步增强。
为了更加科学、客观地描述路线方案的选择, 在综合考虑上述影响因素的前提下, 采用 TOPSIS 对方案进行优选。TOPSIS 是通过比对比较对象与构建的正、负理想解的距离远近来确定评判对象的排序, 后判断其优劣。
设有${\mathbf{A}}_{1},{\mathbf{A}}_{2},\cdots ,{\mathbf{A}}_{m}$$m$ 个评判对象组成方案集$\mathbf{A}= \left\{{{\mathbf{A}}_{1},{\mathbf{A}}_{2},\cdots ,{\mathbf{A}}_{m}}\right\}$,其中每一个评判对象的影响因素${\mathbf{X}}_{1},{\mathbf{X}}_{2},\cdots ,{\mathbf{X}}_{n}$ 组成了影响因素集合$\mathbf{X}=$ $\left\{{{\mathbf{X}}_{1},{\mathbf{X}}_{2},\cdots ,{\mathbf{X}}_{n}}\right\}$,相应的评判指标记为${X}_{ij}$,即${X}_{ij}$ 为第$i$ 个评判对象中第$j$ 个影响因素$(i = 1,2,\cdots , m$ ;$j = 1,2,\cdots , n)$
$\mathbf{A}= {\left({X}_{ij}\right)}_{m \times n}= \left\lbrack \begin{matrix}{X}_{11}& {X}_{12}& \cdots &{X}_{1n}\\{X}_{21}& {X}_{22}& \cdots &{X}_{2n}\\\vdots &\vdots && \vdots \\{X}_{m1}& {X}_{m2}& \cdots &{X}_{mn}\end{matrix}\right\rbrack $
由于评判对象中不同的影响因素具有的各自独立的量纲和量纲单位,为了消除其不利影响, 需要对各个影响因素进行处理。标准化决策矩阵$\mathbf{B}= {\left({b}_{ij}\right)}_{m \times n}$ 的各影响因素计算如下。
(1)对于数值越大效果越优的影响因素,有
${b}_{ij}= \frac{{X}_{ij}- \mathop{\min }\limits_{j}\left({X}_{ij}\right)}{\mathop{\max }\limits_{j}\left({X}_{ij}\right)- \mathop{\min }\limits_{j}\left({X}_{ij}\right)} $
(2)对于数值越小效果越优的影响因素,有
${b}_{ij}= \frac{\mathop{\max }\limits_{j}\left({X}_{ij}\right)- {X}_{ij}}{\mathop{\max }\limits_{j}\left({X}_{ij}\right)- \mathop{\min }\limits_{j}\left({X}_{ij}\right)} $
加权标准化决策矩阵$\mathbf{C}$$\mathbf{B}$ 的每列与层次分析法确定的各指标权重${\omega }_{n}$ 相乘得到,可表示为
$\mathbf{C}= {\left({c}_{ij}\right)}_{m \times n}= \left\lbrack \begin{matrix}{\omega }_{1}{b}_{11}& {\omega }_{2}{b}_{12}& \cdots &{\omega }_{n}{b}_{1n}\\{\omega }_{1}{b}_{21}& {\omega }_{2}{b}_{22}& \cdots &{\omega }_{n}{b}_{2n}\\\vdots &\vdots && \vdots \\{\omega }_{1}{b}_{m1}& {\omega }_{2}{b}_{m2}& \cdots &{\omega }_{n}{b}_{mn}\end{matrix}\right\rbrack $
理想解计算公式为
$\left\{\begin{array}{l}{C}^{+ }= \left\{\left({\mathop{\max }\limits_{j}\left|{j \in {J}_{1}}\right|,\left({\mathop{\min }\limits_{j}{c}_{ij}}\right) j \in {J}_{2}}\right)\right\}\\{C}^{- }= \left\{{\left({\mathop{\min }\limits_{j}{c}_{ij}\mid j \in {J}_{1}}\right),\left({\mathop{\max }\limits_{j}{c}_{ij}\mid j \in {J}_{2}}\right)}\right\}\end{array}\right.$
式(12)中:${C}^{+ }$${C}^{- }$ 分别为正、负理想解;${J}_{1}$${J}_{2}$ 分别为有益型影响因素集和消耗型影响因素集。
$\left\{\begin{array}{l}{d}_{i}^{+ }= \sqrt{\mathop{\sum }\limits_{{j = 1}}^{n}{\left({c}_{ij}- {c}_{j}^{+ }\right)}^{2}}\\{d}_{i}^{- }= \sqrt{\mathop{\sum }\limits_{{j = 1}}^{n}{\left({c}_{ij}- {c}_{j}^{- }\right)}^{2}}\end{array}\right.$
式 (13) 中:${d}_{i}^{+ }$${d}_{i}^{- }$ 分别为比较对象与正、负理想解的距离;${c}_{j}{}^{+ }$${c}_{j}{}^{- }$ 分别为第$j$ 个影响因素的正、负理想解。
${E}_{i}^{+ }= \frac{{d}_{i}^{- }}{{d}_{i}^{+ }}+ {d}_{i}^{- },\;0 \leq {E}_{i}^{+ }\leq 1 $
式 (14) 中:${E}_{i}^{+ }$ 为评判对象与正理想解的贴近度。
初步设计阶段, 该段路线 (方案 3) 沿饮马河、西汉水河谷布设, 在灯塔村设置喜集互通立交, 路线继续向西,设青岗岭隧道、韩家山大桥、李坪隧道、谢家湾连续钢构大桥、蒿林隧道穿越青岗岭至西汉水河谷,在蒿林村设置蒿林互通立交,与省道 S329 相接。受不良地质、造价、文物等因素的影响, 对该段方案进行 4 条线路比选, 比选方案平面位置如图4 所示。各方案主要技术指标及工程数量如表9 所示。
在综合各专家调查表的基础上, 建立初始评判矩阵, 如表10 所示。
${\mathbf{A}}_{1}= \left\lbrack \begin{matrix}{15.69}& {1.71}& {0.01}& 0 \\{17.16}& {1.76}& {0.09}& 0 \\{17.02}& {1.76}& {0.29}& {0.08}\\{17.82}& {1.70}& {0.31}& {0.22}\end{matrix}\right\rbrack $
根据式 (9)、式 (10), 得加权标准化决策矩阵为
${\mathbf{C}}_{1}= \left\lbrack \begin{matrix}{0.09}& {0.06}& {0.05}& {0.04}\\{0.03}& 0 &{0.03}& {0.04}\\{0.03}& 0 & 0 &{0.02}\\ 0 &{0.07}& 0 & 0 \end{matrix}\right\rbrack $
在技术指标中, 各因素均属于成本型费用, 由式 (12), 正理想解和负理想解分别为
$\left\{\begin{array}{l}{C}^{+ }= \left(\begin{array}{llll} 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 \end{array}\right)\\{C}^{- }= \left(\begin{array}{llll}{0.09}& {0.07}& {0.05}& {0.04}\end{array}\right)\end{array}\right.$
根据式 (13), 各方案与正理想解和负理想解的距离为
$\left\{{\begin{array}{l}{d}_{1}^{+ }= {0.13}\\{d}_{1}^{- }= {0.01}\end{array};\;\left\{{\begin{array}{l}{d}_{2}^{+ }= {0.06}\\{d}_{2}^{- }= {0.10}\end{array};}\right.}\right.\\\left\{{\begin{array}{l}{d}_{3}^{+ }= {0.04}\\{d}_{3}^{- }= {0.10}\end{array};\;\left\{\begin{array}{l}{d}_{4}^{+ }= {0.07}\\{d}_{4}^{- }= {0.11}\end{array}\right.}\right.$
根据式 (14), 各方案与正理想解的贴近度为
$\left\{\begin{array}{l}{E}_{11}^{+ }= {10.36}\\{E}_{12}^{+ }= {0.60}\\{E}_{13}^{+ }= {0.41}\\{E}_{14}^{+ }= {0.66}\end{array}\right.$
由此可见, 方案 1 在经济指标层面上最优。
构建技术指标标准化评判矩阵为
${\mathbf{A}}_{2}= \left\lbrack \begin{array}{llllll}{0.85}& {0.80}& {0.75}& {0.55}& {0.90}& {0.80}\\{0.90}& {0.75}& {0.50}& {0.70}& {0.90}& {0.50}\\{0.70}& {0.70}& {0.60}& {0.75}& {0.70}& {0.70}\\{0.80}& {0.80}& {0.50}& {0.80}& {0.50}& {0.75}\end{array}\right\rbrack $
计算加权标准化决策矩阵为
${\mathbf{C}}_{2}= \left\lbrack \begin{matrix}{0.01}& 0 & 0 &{0.05}& 0 & 0 \\ 0 &{0.01}& {0.02}& {0.02}& 0 &{0.06}\\{0.03}& {0.03}& {0.01}& {0.01}& {0.03}& {0.02}\\{0.02}& 0 &{0.02}& 0 &{0.06}& {0.01}\end{matrix}\right\rbrack $
在技术指标中, 各因素均属于成本型费用, 由式 (12), 正理想解和负理想解分别为
$\left\{\begin{array}{l}{C}^{+ }= \left(\begin{array}{llllll} 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 \end{array}\right)\\{C}^{- }= \left(\begin{array}{llllll}{0.03}& {0.03}& {0.02}& {0.05}& {0.06}& {0.06}\end{array}\right)\end{array}\right.$
根据式 (13), 各方案与正理想解和负理想解的距离为
$\left\{{\begin{array}{l}{d}_{1}^{+ }= {0.05}\\{d}_{1}^{- }= {0.09}\end{array};\left\{{\begin{array}{l}{d}_{2}^{+ }= {0.07}\\{d}_{2}^{- }= {0.08}\end{array};}\right.}\right.\\\left\{{\begin{array}{l}{d}_{3}^{+ }= {0.06}\\{d}_{3}^{- }= {0.06}\end{array};\;\left\{\begin{array}{l}{d}_{4}^{+ }= {0.07}\\{d}_{4}^{- }= {0.08}\end{array}\right.}\right.$
根据式 (14), 各方案与正理想解的贴近度为
$\left\{\begin{array}{l}{E}_{21}^{+ }= {0.53}\\{E}_{22}^{+ }= {0.87}\\{E}_{23}^{+ }= {0.91}\\{E}_{31}^{+ }= {0.87}\end{array}\right.$
由此可见, 方案 3 在技术指标的选择上具有较大的优势。
构建安全指标标准化评判矩阵为
${\mathbf{A}}_{3}= \left\lbrack \begin{array}{lll}{0.90}& {0.95}& {0.80}\\{0.50}& {0.70}& {0.86}\\{0.65}& {0.80}& {0.85}\\{0.70}& {0.90}& {0.90}\end{array}\right\rbrack $
计算加权标准化决策矩阵为
${\mathbf{C}}_{3}= \left\lbrack \begin{matrix} 0 & 0 &{0.10}\\{0.06}& {0.10}& {0.04}\\{0.03}& {0.06}& {0.05}\\{0.03}& {0.02}& 0 \end{matrix}\right\rbrack $
安全性能属于正向因素, 则根据式 (12) 正理想解和负理想解分别为
$\left\{\begin{array}{l}{C}^{+ }= \left(\begin{array}{lll}{0.06}& {0.10}& {0.10}\end{array}\right)\\{C}^{- }= \left(\begin{array}{lll} 0 & 0 & 0 \end{array}\right)\end{array}\right.$
根据式 (13), 各方案与正理想解和负理想解的距离为
$\left\{{\begin{array}{l}{d}_{1}^{+ }= {0.11}\\{d}_{1}^{- }= {0.10}\end{array};\;\left\{{\begin{array}{l}{d}_{2}^{+ }= {0.06}\\{d}_{2}^{- }= {0.12}\end{array};}\right.}\right.\\\left\{{\begin{array}{l}{d}_{3}^{+ }= {0.07}\\{d}_{3}^{- }= {0.08}\end{array};\;\left\{\begin{array}{l}{d}_{4}^{+ }= {0.13}\\{d}_{4}^{- }= {0.03}\end{array}\right.}\right.$
根据式 (14), 各方案与正理想解的贴近度为
$\left\{\begin{array}{l}{E}_{31}^{+ }= {1.18}\\{E}_{32}^{+ }= {0.48}\\{E}_{33}^{+ }= {0.78}\\{E}_{33}^{+ }= {3.71}\end{array}\right.$
由此可见, 方案 4 在安全指标层面上最优。
构建环境指标标准化评判矩阵为
${\mathbf{A}}_{4}= \left\lbrack \begin{array}{lll}{0.50}& {0.90}& {0.85}\\{0.90}& {0.80}& {0.75}\\{0.80}& {0.70}& {0.70}\\{0.70}& {0.50}& {0.60}\end{array}\right\rbrack $
计算加权标准化决策矩阵:
${\mathbf{C}}_{4}= \left\lbrack \begin{matrix}{0.11}& 0 & 0 \\ 0 &{0.01}& {0.03}\\{0.03}& {0.03}& {0.05}\\{0.05}& {0.06}& {0.09}\end{matrix}\right\rbrack $
在环境指标中, 各因素均属于成本型费用, 由式 (12), 正理想解和负理想解分别为
$\left\{\begin{array}{l}{C}^{+ }= \left(\begin{array}{lll} 0 & 0 & 0 \end{array}\right)\\{C}^{- }= \left(\begin{array}{lll}{0.11}& {0.06}& {0.09}\end{array}\right)\end{array}\right.$
根据式 (13), 各方案与正理想解和负理想解的距离为
$\left\{{\begin{array}{l}{d}_{1}^{+ }= {0.11}\\{d}_{1}^{- }= {0.10}\end{array};\;\left\{{\begin{array}{l}{d}_{2}^{+ }= {0.04}\\{d}_{2}^{- }= {0.13}\end{array};}\right.}\right.\\\left\{{\begin{array}{l}{d}_{3}^{+ }= {0.06}\\{d}_{3}^{- }= {0.09}\end{array};\;\left\{\begin{array}{l}{d}_{4}^{+ }= {0.12}\\{d}_{4}^{- }= {0.05}\end{array}\right.}\right.$
根据式 (14), 各方案与正理想解的贴近度为
$\left\{\begin{array}{l}{E}_{41}^{+ }= {1.07}\\{E}_{42}^{+ }= {0.29}\\{E}_{43}^{+ }= {0.69}\\{E}_{44}^{+ }= {2.21}\end{array}\right.$
由此可见, 方案 4 在环境指标层面上最优。
比较方案综合评判结果向量$\mathbf{F}$
$\mathbf{F}= \mathbf{{WE}}$
式 (35) 中:$\mathbf{E}$ 为由各方案与正理想解的贴近度组成的评判矩阵;$\mathbf{W}$ 为层次分析法计算的各方案对应的权重构成的矩阵。
$\mathbf{W}= \left\lbrack \begin{array}{llll}{0.20}& {0.24}& {0.39}& {0.17}\end{array}\right\rbrack $
$\mathbf{E}= \left\lbrack \begin{array}{llll}{10.36}& {0.60}& {0.41}& {0.66}\\{0.53}& {0.87}& {0.91}& {0.87}\\{1.18}& {0.48}& {0.78}& {3.71}\\{1.07}& {0.29}& {0.69}& {2.12}\end{array}\right\rbrack $
则综合权重为
$\mathbf{F}= \mathbf{{WE}}= \left\lbrack \begin{array}{llll}{2.84}& {0.56}& {0.72}& {2.15}\end{array}\right\rbrack $
即方案的优劣依次为方案$1 >$ 方案$4 >$ 方案$3 >$ 方案 2 。
(1)全面分析山区高速公路建设特点,总结涵盖经济、技术、安全和环境 4 个层面 16 个方面的选线影响因素。
(2)组建由依托项目参与各方人员组成的专家小组, 基于 AHP 对高速公路选线影响因素进行重要度评价, 结果表明, 水资源和建设成本是建设各方最为关心的两个因素。
(3)以依托工程灯塔至蒿林村段路线的方案比选为例, 采用逼近理想解排序法 (TOPSIS) 计算 4 个比选方案的综合优越度,结果分布为: 2.84、0.56、 0.72、2.15,即方案 1 最优。
(4)利用 AHP-TOPSIS 综合优选模型, 在充分利用专家经验的同时, 能够客观、科学的对山区高速公路路线方案进行决策。
  • 国家自然科学基金(52208392)
  • 国家自然科学基金(52068044)
  • 甘肃省自然科学基金(21JR7RA309)
  • 中国博士后科学基金(2021M693843)
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2025年第25卷第8期
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文章信息
doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2403059
  • 接收时间:2024-04-25
  • 首发时间:2025-07-29
  • 出版时间:2025-03-18
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  • 收稿日期:2024-04-25
  • 修回日期:2024-12-23
基金
国家自然科学基金(52208392)
国家自然科学基金(52068044)
甘肃省自然科学基金(21JR7RA309)
中国博士后科学基金(2021M693843)
作者信息
    1 甘肃省交通规划勘察设计院股份有限公司 兰州 730030
    2 兰州交通大学 土木工程学院 兰州 730070

通讯作者:

*严松宏(1966—),男,汉族,江苏海安人,教授,博士研究生导师。研究方向:地下工程设计施工理论及其工程应用。E-mail:yan-songhong@163.com。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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