Article(id=1156949364628349024, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156949362480861758, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2402324, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1711900800000, receivedDateStr=2024-04-01, revisedDate=1732464000000, revisedDateStr=2024-11-25, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1753767823606, onlineDateStr=2025-07-29, pubDate=1738944000000, pubDateStr=2025-02-08, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1753767823606, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1753767823606, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753767823606, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1156949362480861758, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2025', volume='25', issue='4', pageStart='1312', pageEnd='1751', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1753767823094, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1755171161273, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1162835389472424814, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156949362480861758, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1162835389472424815, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156949362480861758, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1482, endPage=1487, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1156949365790171245, articleId=1156949364628349024, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=Quantitative Analysis on Lanthanum-Cerium-Praseodymium-Neodymium in the Stable Extraction Stage Based on Gamma Ray-soft Measurement, columnId=1156264259077137059, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Papers·Nuclear Technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Quality distribution detection is regarded as a crucial basis for regulating the rare earth extraction process. The variation of the lanthanum (La), cerium (Ce), praseodymium (Pr), and neodymium (Nd) solution system during the saponified P507-kerosene extraction is significant, showing obvious nonlinear characteristics such as time-varying and strong coupling. Moreover, the solution system exhibits no apparent color change. Existing soft measurement methods based on machine vision and artificial neural networks have shown unsatisfactory application effects. To address these issues, a mechanistic modeling method was first employed to construct a mathematical model for the quantitative analysis of the four components. Subsequently, by measuring the characteristic gamma-ray intensity information of the natural radioactive isotope 138La@1.436 MeV (auxiliary variable), the mass distribution information of the four components (main variable) was predicted simultaneously. Finally, experiments were conducted based on a high-purity germanium detector. The results show that the minimum detectable mass concentration of La is 1.70 g/L. Compared with the experimental results, the relative errors of the predicted mass concentrations of La, Ce, Pr, and Nd are -3.11%~4.23%, -5.81%~3.74%, -8.16%~6.68%, and -19.87%~14.20%, respectively. The relative errors of the sensitivity prediction are 1.33%, 5.56%, -3.20%, and -0.41%, respectively. The proposed “gamma ray-soft measurement” method enables high-accuracy and high-sensitivity prediction of the four components La, Ce, Pr, and Nd. The detection process is not affected by changes in extraction system density, acidity, temperature, and other parameters, providing new technical references for rare earth extraction quality distribution detection.

, correspAuthors=Jian-kun ZHAO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Fei-liang WANG, Jian-kun ZHAO, Tao ZENG, Yong-hui LI, Hai-yan QIU, Qi ZENG, Yan-jun DU, Yu-juan LIU, He-xi WU, Xiao-yan LI, Yi-bao LIU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1156949423319245143, articleId=1156949364628349024, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=CN, title=原子能技术基于伽马-软测量的稳定萃取段镧-铈-镨-钕四组分定量分析, columnId=1156264259655951016, journalTitle=科学技术与工程, columnName=论文·原子能技术, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=质量配分检测是稀土萃取过程调控的重要依据,皂化P507-煤油萃取镧(La)-铈(Ce)-镨(Pr)-钕(Nd)溶液体系变化剧烈,时变、强耦合等非线性特征明显,且溶液体系无明显颜色变化,现有基于机器视觉和人工神经网络的软测量方法应用效果不佳。为解决以上问题,首先采用机理建模法构建四组分定量分析的数理模型,其次通过测量La天然放射性同位素138La@1.436 MeV特征伽马射线强度信息(辅助变量),同时预测四组分质量配分(主变量)信息,最后基于高纯锗探测器开展实验验证。结果表明:La最小可检测质量浓度为1.70 g/L,与实验结果相比,La、Ce、Pr、Nd质量浓度预测结果相对误差分别为-3.11%~4.23%、-5.81%~3.74%、-8.16%~6.68%、-19.87%~14.20%,检测灵敏度预测结果相对误差分别为1.33%、5.56%、-3.20%、-0.41%。所提出的“伽马-软测量”方法可实现La、Ce、Pr、Nd四组分高准确度、高灵敏度预测,检测过程不受萃取体系密度、酸度、温度等参数变化的影响,为稀土萃取质量配分检测提供新的技术参考。, correspAuthors=赵剑锟, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*赵剑锟(1988—),男,汉族,河北唐山人,博士,副教授。研究方向:核信息获取与数据处理。E-mail:
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王飞亮(2000—),男,汉族,江西上饶人,硕士研究生。研究方向:核技术及应用。E-mail:

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王飞亮(2000—),男,汉族,江西上饶人,硕士研究生。研究方向:核技术及应用。E-mail:

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王飞亮(2000—),男,汉族,江西上饶人,硕士研究生。研究方向:核技术及应用。E-mail:

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ArticleFig(id=1225944433804361918, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949364628349024, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Experimental equipment parameters

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名称 参数 数值
GMX40P高纯锗
伽马谱仪
能量范围/keV 40~2 000
能量分辨率 FWHM(@1 332 keV)≤
2 keV
马林杯 外圆柱内径/cm 12.6
内圆柱外径/cm 9.0
外高/cm 11.5
内高/cm 6.2
容积/L 0.9
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实验设备参数

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名称 参数 数值
GMX40P高纯锗
伽马谱仪
能量范围/keV 40~2 000
能量分辨率 FWHM(@1 332 keV)≤
2 keV
马林杯 外圆柱内径/cm 12.6
内圆柱外径/cm 9.0
外高/cm 11.5
内高/cm 6.2
容积/L 0.9
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Mass distribution of the test samples

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组号 质量浓度/(g·L-1)
La Ce Pr Nd
1 8.05 252.76 6.84 15.35
2 13.33 242.16 6.69 14.36
3 24.69 246.88 5.67 11.92
4 28.71 231.04 5.49 11.55
5 63.72 184.80 4.87 10.66
6 83.79 161.52 3.92 6.24
7 108.95 129.97 2.96 3.17
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待测样品质量配分

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组号 质量浓度/(g·L-1)
La Ce Pr Nd
1 8.05 252.76 6.84 15.35
2 13.33 242.16 6.69 14.36
3 24.69 246.88 5.67 11.92
4 28.71 231.04 5.49 11.55
5 63.72 184.80 4.87 10.66
6 83.79 161.52 3.92 6.24
7 108.95 129.97 2.96 3.17
), ArticleFig(id=1225944434559336679, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949364628349024, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Measurement results of the138La@1.436 MeV characteristic peak

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组号 nb/10-3 cps ${n}_{{138}_{La}}$/10-1 cps
1 2.60 0.38
2 2.61 0.59
3 2.73 1.15
4 3.59 1.33
5 3.91 2.86
6 6.93 3.90
7 9.11 4.88
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138La@1.436 MeV特征峰测量结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组号 nb/10-3 cps ${n}_{{138}_{La}}$/10-1 cps
1 2.60 0.38
2 2.61 0.59
3 2.73 1.15
4 3.59 1.33
5 3.91 2.86
6 6.93 3.90
7 9.11 4.88
), ArticleFig(id=1225944434827772156, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949364628349024, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Relative error of the prediction results

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组分 mpx/
(g·L-1)
mtx/
(g·L-1)
${\Delta }_{m}/$
%
组分 mpx/
(g·L-1)
mtx/
(g·L-1)
${\Delta }_{m}/$
%
La 8.39 8.05 4.23 Ce 251.71 252.76 -0.42
12.91 13.33 -3.11 246.57 242.16 1.82
25.25 24.69 2.27 232.54 246.88 -5.81
29.07 28.71 1.26 228.20 231.04 -1.23
62.44 63.72 -2.01 190.25 184.80 2.95
85.35 83.79 1.87 164.20 166.52 -1.39
106.62 108.95 -2.14 140.02 134.97 3.74
Pr 6.58 6.84 -3.73 Nd 14.56 15.35 -5.13
6.43 6.69 -3.96 14.06 14.36 -2.09
5.99 5.67 5.66 12.69 11.92 6.42
5.86 5.49 6.68 12.26 11.55 6.14
4.68 5.07 -7.65 8.54 10.66 -19.87
3.88 4.22 -8.16 5.99 6.24 -4.01
3.13 3.06 2.18 3.62 3.17 14.20
), ArticleFig(id=1225944434949406978, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949364628349024, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

预测结果的相对误差

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组分 mpx/
(g·L-1)
mtx/
(g·L-1)
${\Delta }_{m}/$
%
组分 mpx/
(g·L-1)
mtx/
(g·L-1)
${\Delta }_{m}/$
%
La 8.39 8.05 4.23 Ce 251.71 252.76 -0.42
12.91 13.33 -3.11 246.57 242.16 1.82
25.25 24.69 2.27 232.54 246.88 -5.81
29.07 28.71 1.26 228.20 231.04 -1.23
62.44 63.72 -2.01 190.25 184.80 2.95
85.35 83.79 1.87 164.20 166.52 -1.39
106.62 108.95 -2.14 140.02 134.97 3.74
Pr 6.58 6.84 -3.73 Nd 14.56 15.35 -5.13
6.43 6.69 -3.96 14.06 14.36 -2.09
5.99 5.67 5.66 12.69 11.92 6.42
5.86 5.49 6.68 12.26 11.55 6.14
4.68 5.07 -7.65 8.54 10.66 -19.87
3.88 4.22 -8.16 5.99 6.24 -4.01
3.13 3.06 2.18 3.62 3.17 14.20
), ArticleFig(id=1225944435075236108, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949364628349024, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Relative error of the sensitivity

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组分 Spx/(cps·g-1·L) Stx/(cps·g-1·L) ${\Delta }_{S}/$%
La 4.57×10-3 4.51×10-3 1.33
Ce 4.02×10-3 3.81×10-3 5.56
Pr 1.30×10-1 1.34×10-1 -3.20
Nd 4.10×10-2 4.12×10-2 -0.41
), ArticleFig(id=1225944435213648148, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1156949364628349024, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

灵敏度的相对误差

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组分 Spx/(cps·g-1·L) Stx/(cps·g-1·L) ${\Delta }_{S}/$%
La 4.57×10-3 4.51×10-3 1.33
Ce 4.02×10-3 3.81×10-3 5.56
Pr 1.30×10-1 1.34×10-1 -3.20
Nd 4.10×10-2 4.12×10-2 -0.41
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原子能技术基于伽马-软测量的稳定萃取段镧-铈-镨-钕四组分定量分析
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王飞亮 1 , 赵剑锟 1, 2, * , 曾韬 1 , 李泳珲 1 , 邱海燕 1 , 曾奇 1, 2 , 杜艳军 1, 2 , 刘玉娟 1, 2 , 吴和喜 1, 2 , 李小燕 1, 2 , 刘义保 1, 2
科学技术与工程 | 论文·原子能技术 2025,25(4): 1482-1487
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科学技术与工程 | 论文·原子能技术 2025, 25(4): 1482-1487
原子能技术基于伽马-软测量的稳定萃取段镧-铈-镨-钕四组分定量分析
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王飞亮1 , 赵剑锟1, 2, * , 曾韬1, 李泳珲1, 邱海燕1, 曾奇1, 2, 杜艳军1, 2, 刘玉娟1, 2, 吴和喜1, 2, 李小燕1, 2, 刘义保1, 2
作者信息
  • 1 东华理工大学核科学与工程学院, 南昌 330013
  • 2 江西省核辐射探测及应用工程技术研究中心, 南昌 330013
  • 王飞亮(2000—),男,汉族,江西上饶人,硕士研究生。研究方向:核技术及应用。E-mail:

通讯作者:

*赵剑锟(1988—),男,汉族,河北唐山人,博士,副教授。研究方向:核信息获取与数据处理。E-mail:
Quantitative Analysis on Lanthanum-Cerium-Praseodymium-Neodymium in the Stable Extraction Stage Based on Gamma Ray-soft Measurement
Fei-liang WANG1 , Jian-kun ZHAO1, 2, * , Tao ZENG1, Yong-hui LI1, Hai-yan QIU1, Qi ZENG1, 2, Yan-jun DU1, 2, Yu-juan LIU1, 2, He-xi WU1, 2, Xiao-yan LI1, 2, Yi-bao LIU1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1 College of Nuclear Science and Engineering, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China
  • 2 Engineering Technology Research Center of Nuclear Radiation Detection and Application, Nanchang 330013, China
出版时间: 2025-02-08 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2402324
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质量配分检测是稀土萃取过程调控的重要依据,皂化P507-煤油萃取镧(La)-铈(Ce)-镨(Pr)-钕(Nd)溶液体系变化剧烈,时变、强耦合等非线性特征明显,且溶液体系无明显颜色变化,现有基于机器视觉和人工神经网络的软测量方法应用效果不佳。为解决以上问题,首先采用机理建模法构建四组分定量分析的数理模型,其次通过测量La天然放射性同位素138La@1.436 MeV特征伽马射线强度信息(辅助变量),同时预测四组分质量配分(主变量)信息,最后基于高纯锗探测器开展实验验证。结果表明:La最小可检测质量浓度为1.70 g/L,与实验结果相比,La、Ce、Pr、Nd质量浓度预测结果相对误差分别为-3.11%~4.23%、-5.81%~3.74%、-8.16%~6.68%、-19.87%~14.20%,检测灵敏度预测结果相对误差分别为1.33%、5.56%、-3.20%、-0.41%。所提出的“伽马-软测量”方法可实现La、Ce、Pr、Nd四组分高准确度、高灵敏度预测,检测过程不受萃取体系密度、酸度、温度等参数变化的影响,为稀土萃取质量配分检测提供新的技术参考。
稀土  /  萃取分离  /  软测量  /  组分含量  /  伽马能谱

Quality distribution detection is regarded as a crucial basis for regulating the rare earth extraction process. The variation of the lanthanum (La), cerium (Ce), praseodymium (Pr), and neodymium (Nd) solution system during the saponified P507-kerosene extraction is significant, showing obvious nonlinear characteristics such as time-varying and strong coupling. Moreover, the solution system exhibits no apparent color change. Existing soft measurement methods based on machine vision and artificial neural networks have shown unsatisfactory application effects. To address these issues, a mechanistic modeling method was first employed to construct a mathematical model for the quantitative analysis of the four components. Subsequently, by measuring the characteristic gamma-ray intensity information of the natural radioactive isotope 138La@1.436 MeV (auxiliary variable), the mass distribution information of the four components (main variable) was predicted simultaneously. Finally, experiments were conducted based on a high-purity germanium detector. The results show that the minimum detectable mass concentration of La is 1.70 g/L. Compared with the experimental results, the relative errors of the predicted mass concentrations of La, Ce, Pr, and Nd are -3.11%~4.23%, -5.81%~3.74%, -8.16%~6.68%, and -19.87%~14.20%, respectively. The relative errors of the sensitivity prediction are 1.33%, 5.56%, -3.20%, and -0.41%, respectively. The proposed “gamma ray-soft measurement” method enables high-accuracy and high-sensitivity prediction of the four components La, Ce, Pr, and Nd. The detection process is not affected by changes in extraction system density, acidity, temperature, and other parameters, providing new technical references for rare earth extraction quality distribution detection.

rare earth  /  extraction separation  /  soft measurement  /  component content  /  gamma spectrum
王飞亮, 赵剑锟, 曾韬, 李泳珲, 邱海燕, 曾奇, 杜艳军, 刘玉娟, 吴和喜, 李小燕, 刘义保. 原子能技术基于伽马-软测量的稳定萃取段镧-铈-镨-钕四组分定量分析. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (4) : 1482 -1487 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2402324
Fei-liang WANG, Jian-kun ZHAO, Tao ZENG, Yong-hui LI, Hai-yan QIU, Qi ZENG, Yan-jun DU, Yu-juan LIU, He-xi WU, Xiao-yan LI, Yi-bao LIU. Quantitative Analysis on Lanthanum-Cerium-Praseodymium-Neodymium in the Stable Extraction Stage Based on Gamma Ray-soft Measurement[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (4) : 1482 -1487 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2402324
稀土萃取分离过程中,质量配分检测是调控的重要依据[1],目前采用的如:光纤过程分光光度[2-3]、流动注射分光光度[4-5]、X射线吸收[6-7]、电感耦合等离子体质谱[8]、电感耦合等离子体发射光谱[9]及微波诱导等离子体原子发射光谱[10]等直接测量方法,虽然检测精确度较高,但测量条件要求严苛,过程复杂,需经过取样、制样等步骤后对待检核素逐一测量。皂化P507-煤油萃取体系多级萃取镧(La)-铈(Ce)-镨(Pr)-钕(Nd)过程分离效率高,但溶液体系变化剧烈,时变、强耦合等非线性特征明显[11],对检测方法的灵敏度和准确度造成较大影响。
软测量[12]是通过机理建模[13]、回归分析[14]、状态估计[15]、模式识别[16]、人工神经网络[17]、模糊数学[18]和支持向量机[19]等手段,通过测量辅助变量(易测量)实现对主变量(难测量)的预测,并可实现多组分同时测量。目前,稀土多级萃取分离过程中的多组分软测量方法主要有机器视觉[20-22]和人工神经网络预测[23-25]两大类。而在皂化P507-煤油萃取分离La、Ce、Pr、Nd过程中,La、Ce无明显的离子颜色特征,且体系中可直接测量输入量少、待预测输出量多。因此,现有基于机器视觉和人工神经网络的软测量方法无法直接应用于上述的萃取分离过程。
鉴于此,现提出一种基于机理建模的伽马-软测量方法,该方法以水相La、Ce、Pr、Nd含量变化规律为研究对象,构建四组分定量分析模型,以La天然放射性同位素138La@1.436 MeV(丰度为0.29%)特征伽马射线强度信息为辅助变量,实现以上4种稀土元素萃取质量配分(主变量)的高灵敏度和准确度预测,以期为稀土串级萃取的过程控制提供新的检测方法参考。
以某轻稀土三出口串级萃取生产线为研究对象[26],该产线主要由萃取段与洗涤段组成,如图1所示。萃取级数共55级,其中萃取段共42级,以稳定萃取段(第41~51级)水相溶液中的La、Ce、Pr、Nd含量变化规律为建模基础。
根据辅助变量(La质量浓度)与主要变量(Ce、Pr、Nd质量浓度)关系,如图2所示,采用最小二乘法拟合,结果如式(1)所示。
mx=axmLa+bx
式(1)中:mx为元素x(Ce、Pr、Nd) 的质量浓度,g/L;mLa为La质量浓度,g/L;axbx为拟合系数。
138La@1.436 MeV特征伽马射线的探测效率可表示为[27]
$\eta =\frac{{n}_{{}^{138}La}}{A\gamma }=\frac{{n}_{{}^{138}La}}{{A}_{c}^{{138}_{La}}V\gamma }$
式(2)中:$\eta $为探测效率,cps/Bq(单位cps是计数率,表示每秒钟探测到的伽马射线数,即次每秒(count per second);${n}_{{138}_{La}}$为伽马能谱仪中138La@1.436 MeV特征峰净计数率,cps;A为待测样品中138La的总活度,Bq;$\gamma $138La衰变发射1.436 MeV伽马射线的概率,0.655;${A}_{c}^{{138}_{La}}$为待测样品中138La的比活度,Bq/L;V为待测样品体积,L。
138La比活度与La质量浓度存在式(3)所示关系[28]
${A}_{c}^{{138}_{La}}=\frac{{m}_{La}\omega }{{M}_{{138}_{La}}}{N}_{A}\lambda $
式(3)中:ω138La丰度,0.089%;${M}_{{138}_{La}}$138La的摩尔质量,138 g/mol;NA为阿伏伽德罗常数,6.02×1023 mol-1;$\lambda $138La衰变常数,2.13×10-19 s-1
联立式(2)、式(3),可得待测样品中La的质量浓度为
${m}_{La}=\frac{{M}_{{138}_{La}}}{\omega {N}_{A}\lambda V\gamma }\frac{1}{\eta }{n}_{{138}_{La}}=\frac{C}{\eta }{n}_{{138}_{La}}$
式(4)中:C为待定常数,与实验条件有关,g/(L·cps)。
联立式(1)、式(4),可得待测样品中Ce、Pr、Nd的质量浓度为
${m}_{x}={a}_{x}\frac{C}{\eta }{n}_{{138}_{La}}+{b}_{x}$
Ce、Pr、Nd的检测灵敏度[sensitivity,记为Sx,单位:cps/g/L,可表示为
${S}_{x}=-\frac{d{n}_{{138}_{La}}}{d{m}_{x}}=-\frac{d{n}_{{138}_{La}}}{d\left({a}_{x}\frac{C}{\eta }{n}_{{138}_{La}}+{b}_{x}\right)}=-\frac{\eta }{{a}_{x}C}$
为验证实际测量效果,选用GMX40P高纯锗伽马谱仪搭建实验平台,如图3所示,设备参数如表1所示。
对组分数据进行系统随机抽样,以水为溶剂,以LaCl3·7H2O、CeCl3·7H2O、PrCl3·7H2O和NdCl3·6H2O为溶质,配制所需的待测溶液,如表2所示,配制过程如下:①使用电子天平[量程:(1 200±0.05) g]称量第1组对应的四组分溶质;②取量程为0.9 L的烧杯,加入称取好的溶质;③用纯水溶解并稀释定容,期间使用玻璃棒搅拌至溶质完全溶解(呈黄色透明状);④将配置好的溶液装入容积为0.9 L的马林杯并编号,得到稀土氯化物水溶液。
重复上述步骤,再分别配制2~7组溶液,如图4所示。由马林杯容积可得C为2.05 g/(L·Bq)。
依据《环境及生物样品中放射性核素的γ能谱分析方法》(GB/T 16145—2022)[29],使用60Co放射源进行能量刻度后,测量马林杯标准源,结合以下探测效率刻度方程[30]获取效率刻度曲线,如图5所示,得到谱仪在能量为1.436 MeV处的探测效率为9.38×10-3 cps/Bq。
$ln\eta =\sum _{i=1}^{6}{k}_{i}{\left(lnE\right)}^{6-i}$
式(7)中:i为探测效率刻度方程的项数;ki为待定系数;E为能量,keV。
随后进行本底测量,再分别对1~7组待测样品进行测量,如图6所示。
图6可知,138La的两个伽马射线特征峰(0.789 MeV,分支比为34.5%;1.436 MeV,分支比为65.5%)在能谱中的峰背比可达24.84与42.91,且未与其他干扰核素特征峰重叠。
使用梯形本底法[27]分别计算7条伽马能谱中138La@1.436 MeV特征峰区内本底计数率nb,进而得到各待测样品的138La@1.436 MeV特征峰净计数率${n}_{{138}_{La}}$,如表3所示。
根据参考文献[31]中所述La最小可检测质量浓度(minimum detectable mass concentration, MDC)的计算方法,结合表3数据,计算出本文方法中MDC(k=1.645)为1.70 g/L。在此置信条件下,根据式(4)、式(5)分别计算7组待测样品中La、Ce、Pr、Nd的质量浓度,如图7所示。
图7可知,${n}_{{138}_{La}}$与Ce、Pr、Nd质量浓度呈较好的线性负相关,与La质量浓度呈线性正相关。为进一步评价“伽马-软测量”模型预测结果的准确性,根据式(8)计算质量浓度预测值mpx与真实值mtx之间的相对误差,结果如表4所示。
${\Delta }_{m}=\frac{{{m}^{p}}_{x}-{{m}^{t}}_{x}}{{{m}^{t}}_{x}}\times 100\%$
表4可知,在La质量浓度(含量)大于MDC条件下,伽马-软测量模型对La预测结果相对误差范围为-3.11%~4.23%,Ce为-5.81%~3.74%,Pr为-8.16%~6.68%,Nd为-19.87%~14.20%。
为进一步评价“伽马-软测量”模型结果的灵敏度,根据式(9)得到灵敏度预测值Spx与真实值Stx之间的相对误差,结果如表5所示。
${\Delta }_{S}=\frac{{{S}^{p}}_{x}-{{S}^{t}}_{x}}{{{S}^{t}}_{x}}\times 100\%$
表5可知,La灵敏度相对误差为1.33%,Ce为5.56%,Pr为-3.20%,Nd为-0.41%。可见,伽马-软测量模型预测灵敏度与实验测量结果符合较好。
(1)通过研究皂化P507-煤油萃取体系的三出口工艺中稳定萃取段水相溶液La、Ce、Pr、Nd含量变化规律发现:La与Ce、Pr、Nd在萃取过程中呈高度线性负相关关系。
(2)基于GMX40P高纯锗伽马谱仪开展实验验证,通过测量不同稀土组分配分溶液,对测量模型进行了准确度、灵敏度等参数检验。结果表明:La、Ce、Pr、Nd四组分质量浓度预测结果的准确度较好,灵敏度较高。
(3)基于“机理建模”法的La、Ce、Pr、Nd质量浓度“伽马-软测量”预测模型,可在皂化P507-煤油萃取体系的三出口工艺稳定萃取段实现高准确度、高灵敏度预测,该方法可为稀土萃取质量配分检测提供新的技术参考。
  • 国家自然科学基金(12105043)
  • 国家自然科学基金(12265003)
  • 江西省自然科学基金(20224BAB211023)
  • 核资源与环境国家重点实验室开放基金(2022NRE30)
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2025年第25卷第4期
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2402324
  • 接收时间:2024-04-01
  • 首发时间:2025-07-29
  • 出版时间:2025-02-08
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  • 收稿日期:2024-04-01
  • 修回日期:2024-11-25
基金
国家自然科学基金(12105043)
国家自然科学基金(12265003)
江西省自然科学基金(20224BAB211023)
核资源与环境国家重点实验室开放基金(2022NRE30)
作者信息
    1 东华理工大学核科学与工程学院, 南昌 330013
    2 江西省核辐射探测及应用工程技术研究中心, 南昌 330013

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*赵剑锟(1988—),男,汉族,河北唐山人,博士,副教授。研究方向:核信息获取与数据处理。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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