Article(id=1156908307102389002, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156908295593223005, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2401870, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1710432000000, receivedDateStr=2024-03-15, revisedDate=1728489600000, revisedDateStr=2024-10-10, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1753758034730, onlineDateStr=2025-07-29, pubDate=1736265600000, pubDateStr=2025-01-08, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1753758034730, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1753758034730, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753758034730, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1156908295593223005, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2025', volume='25', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='438', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1753758031985, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1765425680602, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1205845960933049001, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156908295593223005, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1205845960933049002, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1156908295593223005, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=186, endPage=193, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1156908308754944786, articleId=1156908307102389002, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=Downhole Arrayed Self-powered Deformable Vibration Sensor, columnId=1156262732765717457, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Papers·Mechanical and Instrumental Industry, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The drilling process requires real-time measurement of drill string vibration, which is crucial for drilling and downhole safety. However, the traditional power supply mode used for downhole vibration sensors has been found to increase drilling costs and reduce drilling efficiency. Therefore, sensors with self-powered capabilities are considered more suitable for practical conditions. A downhole arrayed self-powered deformable vibration sensor was proposed based on the principle of triboelectric nanogenerators. Experimental results demonstrate that the sensor synchronized measurements of amplitude and frequency. The vibration frequency is measured within a range of 0 Hz to 11 Hz, with a measurement error of less than ±4%. Additionally, the sensor is able to measure three discrete amplitude values (10, 25, 40 mm) with a measurement error of ±3 mm. The sensor can working normally within a temperature range of 0 ℃ to 85 ℃. Furthermore, the sensor has power generation capabilities, with experiments revealing a maximum output power of 8.3×10-7 W. Notably, when multiple sensors are used in parallel, the power generation capacity is significantly enhanced. These research findings provide new insights for the development of downhole sensors and downhole generators.

, correspAuthors=Chuan WU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Yan-jun FENG, Jian-chao REN, Chuan WU, Mao-fu LIU, Wei-bo DING, Rong-cai BAI, Chi CHEN), CN=ArticleExt(id=1156908454498620409, articleId=1156908307102389002, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=CN, title=井下阵列式可变形自供电振动传感器, columnId=1156262732954461139, journalTitle=科学技术与工程, columnName=论文·机械、仪表工业, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

钻井过程中实时测量钻具振动对于钻井工艺及井下安全至关重要,然而传统的井下振动传感器供电方式增加了钻井成本并降低了钻井效率,而具有自发电功能的传感器无疑将更加适宜实际工况。基于摩擦纳米发电机原理,提出了一种井下阵列式可变形自供电振动传感器。试验表明该传感器可同步测量振幅和频率,其中振动频率的测量范围为0~11 Hz,测量误差小于±4%;可实现3个离散振幅值(10、25、40 mm)的测量,测量误差为±3 mm,且传感器的工作温度范围为0~85 ℃。此外传感器还具有发电功能,试验表明传感器的最大输出功率可达8.3×10-7 W,而将多个传感器并联使用后其发电功率将大幅度提升。研究成果可为井下传感器及井下发电机的研制提供新的思路。

, correspAuthors=吴川, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 吴川(1986—),男,汉族,河北邯郸人,博士,副教授。研究方向:随钻测量、钻探机具及自发电传感器。E-mail:
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冯彦军(1980—),男,汉族,山西吕梁人,博士,副研究员。研究方向:煤矿煤岩层水力压裂及其推广。E-mail:

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冯彦军(1980—),男,汉族,山西吕梁人,博士,副研究员。研究方向:煤矿煤岩层水力压裂及其推广。E-mail:

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冯彦军(1980—),男,汉族,山西吕梁人,博士,副研究员。研究方向:煤矿煤岩层水力压裂及其推广。E-mail:

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井下阵列式可变形自供电振动传感器
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冯彦军 1, 2, 3 , 任建超 1 , 吴川 4, * , 刘茂福 1 , 丁维波 1 , 白荣财 1 , 陈驰 4
科学技术与工程 | 论文·机械、仪表工业 2025,25(1): 186-193
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科学技术与工程 | 论文·机械、仪表工业 2025, 25(1): 186-193
井下阵列式可变形自供电振动传感器
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冯彦军1, 2, 3 , 任建超1, 吴川4, * , 刘茂福1, 丁维波1, 白荣财1, 陈驰4
作者信息
  • 1.陕西陕煤曹家滩矿业有限公司, 神木 719100
  • 2.中煤科工开采研究院有限公司, 北京 100013
  • 3.天地科技股份有限公司, 北京 100013
  • 4.中国地质大学(武汉)机械与电子信息学院, 武汉 430074
  • 冯彦军(1980—),男,汉族,山西吕梁人,博士,副研究员。研究方向:煤矿煤岩层水力压裂及其推广。E-mail:

通讯作者:

* 吴川(1986—),男,汉族,河北邯郸人,博士,副教授。研究方向:随钻测量、钻探机具及自发电传感器。E-mail:
Downhole Arrayed Self-powered Deformable Vibration Sensor
Yan-jun FENG1, 2, 3 , Jian-chao REN1, Chuan WU4, * , Mao-fu LIU1, Wei-bo DING1, Rong-cai BAI1, Chi CHEN4
Affiliations
  • 1. Shaanxi Coal Caojiatan Mining Co., Ltd., Shenmu 719100, China
  • 2. Mining Research Institute, China Coal Research Institute, Beijing 100013, China
  • 3. China Coal Science and Industry Mining Research Institute Co., Ltd., Beijing 100013, China
  • 4. School of Mechanical Engineering and Electronic Information, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan 430074, China
出版时间: 2025-01-08 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2401870
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钻井过程中实时测量钻具振动对于钻井工艺及井下安全至关重要,然而传统的井下振动传感器供电方式增加了钻井成本并降低了钻井效率,而具有自发电功能的传感器无疑将更加适宜实际工况。基于摩擦纳米发电机原理,提出了一种井下阵列式可变形自供电振动传感器。试验表明该传感器可同步测量振幅和频率,其中振动频率的测量范围为0~11 Hz,测量误差小于±4%;可实现3个离散振幅值(10、25、40 mm)的测量,测量误差为±3 mm,且传感器的工作温度范围为0~85 ℃。此外传感器还具有发电功能,试验表明传感器的最大输出功率可达8.3×10-7 W,而将多个传感器并联使用后其发电功率将大幅度提升。研究成果可为井下传感器及井下发电机的研制提供新的思路。

振动传感器  /  摩擦纳米发电机  /  自供电  /  钻杆振动

The drilling process requires real-time measurement of drill string vibration, which is crucial for drilling and downhole safety. However, the traditional power supply mode used for downhole vibration sensors has been found to increase drilling costs and reduce drilling efficiency. Therefore, sensors with self-powered capabilities are considered more suitable for practical conditions. A downhole arrayed self-powered deformable vibration sensor was proposed based on the principle of triboelectric nanogenerators. Experimental results demonstrate that the sensor synchronized measurements of amplitude and frequency. The vibration frequency is measured within a range of 0 Hz to 11 Hz, with a measurement error of less than ±4%. Additionally, the sensor is able to measure three discrete amplitude values (10, 25, 40 mm) with a measurement error of ±3 mm. The sensor can working normally within a temperature range of 0 ℃ to 85 ℃. Furthermore, the sensor has power generation capabilities, with experiments revealing a maximum output power of 8.3×10-7 W. Notably, when multiple sensors are used in parallel, the power generation capacity is significantly enhanced. These research findings provide new insights for the development of downhole sensors and downhole generators.

vibration sensor  /  triboelectric nanogenerator  /  self-powered  /  drill pipe vibration
冯彦军, 任建超, 吴川, 刘茂福, 丁维波, 白荣财, 陈驰. 井下阵列式可变形自供电振动传感器. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (1) : 186 -193 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2401870
Yan-jun FENG, Jian-chao REN, Chuan WU, Mao-fu LIU, Wei-bo DING, Rong-cai BAI, Chi CHEN. Downhole Arrayed Self-powered Deformable Vibration Sensor[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (1) : 186 -193 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2401870
钻探技术是指利用钻机等专用的机械设备,在地层中形成井眼以探测和开采地下资源的一种技术手段[1-2]。在此过程中,井下振动作为影响钻探安全和效率的关键因素之一,其动态参数的准确测量对于诊断钻探过程中的复杂工况并防范潜在风险至关重要[3-4]。目前井下振动测量技术已经取得了显著进展,包括基于地面测量与深度学习技术结合的方法[5-6]和利用动力学模型进行优化的策略[7-8],取得了较好的效果。对于振动传感器而言,工业应用的振动测量场景较多,产生了除芯片式加速度计外的多种新型振动测量传感器,比如磁电式[9]、光栅式[10]及压电式[11]等,极大地扩展了振动传感器的应用范围,但井下钻具振动的测量目前仍采用芯片式的加速度传感器[12]
然而在现场实际作业中,现有测量技术面临一定的挑战。例如,若传感器安装于地表,其记录的振动数据可能会与孔底实际情况存在较大的偏差,影响数据精度;若传感器安装于井底,无论是采用电池供电还是电缆供电的方式,都将不可避免地提高钻探成本并对钻井效率产生负面影响。因此,若井下振动传感器具有自发电功能,无疑将可有效解决传统供电方式所带来的弊端。此外,传统的振动传感器形状及规格固定,无法满足不同形状及平面的安装需求,若井下振动传感器具有变形功能,无疑将极大地提高传感器的工况适应性。
美国佐治亚理工学院王中林院士所提出的摩擦纳米发电机(triboelectric nanogenerator, TENG),为研制自发电传感器带来了新的思路[13]。目前,基于摩擦纳米发电机技术的自供电传感器已经取得了显著进展。例如,Mehamud等[14]基于结构设计和数值模拟结果成功制备了一种弹簧辅助的振动传感器,实现了对0~1 200 Hz范围内振动频率的准确监测;同时Lin等[15]报道了一种柔性超高频摩擦电振动传感器,采用层-颗粒-层结构设计,可在平面和弯曲状态下工作,且测量范围可达3~170 kHz。基于此,现提出一种阵列式可变形自供电振动传感器,旨在解决井下供电和不规则安装空间的技术难题。传感器在安装时可以适应不同的地形条件,且其中的每个传感器单元都能独立输出信号,因此,当传感器中的某一个单元失效时,传感器仍能正常工作,且多个传感器单元组合在一起也使得传感器的输出功率大幅度提高。
图1所示为传感器的结构示意图,传感器密封于井下的随钻测量仪器内,随仪器在井下工作。传感器由聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)管、铝(Al)电极、防水塞和水组成。PTFE管的外径为13 mm,内径为12 mm,长度为100 mm,内部装有0.6 cm3的水,之后在PFTE管的上下方安装防水塞,防止液体流出损坏传感器的输出性能。在PTFE管的下方围绕外径粘贴厚度为0.05 mm,长度为35 mm的Al 电极,在PTFE管的上方每隔5 mm安装一块厚度为0.05 mm、长度为10 mm的Al 电极。多个传感器阵列排布并捆扎后形成传感器组合,以增加发电量输出,同时冗余式的布置方式可提高传感器的可靠性。此外,传感器在纵向方向可变形,因此可适用于不平整平面的安装环境。
图2为传感器的工作原理示意图。当水在PTFE管内流动时,PTFE能够吸引水中的负电荷,使PTFE表面带有负电,水带有正电,且由于PTFE为高分子材料,其电负性不容易消失,因此电荷可保持一定时间。当钻柱处于静止状态时,由于水的重力作用,水处于PTFE管的下半部分,由于静电感应作用,水中的正电荷与PTFE管中的负电荷相互吸引且处于电势平衡状态[图2(a)];PTFE管的上半部分的负电荷同时也由于静电感应作用与Al-1~Al-3电极的正电荷相互吸引,处于电势平衡状态。当轴向振动产生时,由于惯性作用,PTFE管内的液体开始向上运动,且运动到Al-1处时,此时的PTFE管上下部分的电势平衡被打破,PTFE管下部分的Al电极中的负电荷向Al-1处移动,此时在外部电路中由于电子的移动产生电流[图2(b)]。随着振幅增加,PTFE管内的液体继续向上移动,移动到Al-2处时,PTFE管下部分的Al电极中的负电荷继续向Al-2处移动,理论上在波形图中会产生一个小峰值[图2(c)]。当振幅继续增加,液体全部移动到PTFE管的上半部分且到达到Al-3处,PTFE管下部分的Al电极中的负电荷继续向Al-3处移动,理论上在波形图中会产生一个最高峰值,且暂时处于一个新的电势平衡状态[图2(d)]。当PTFE管内的液体开始向下运动时,电势平衡状态再次被打破,Al-3处的电子向PTFE管下方的Al电极转移,此时将会在电路中产生一个反向电流[图2(e)]。最终PTFE管内的液体向下运动到[图2(f)]处。可见,在一个振动周期内,理论上会产生一个波形,因此可以通过测量输出电信号波形的频率来计算振动频率。
由上述原理可知,液体向上运动的距离与振幅成正相关,当振动幅度越大时液体向上运动与PTFE下方Al电极的距离就会越大。理论上,当管内液体运动到Al-1、Al-2、Al-3处时,会在输出信号波形图中产生相对应的3个波形峰值,因此可根据输出信号波形图中的峰值个数来判断传感器的振动幅值。
利用室内标准的振动台及温控箱等设备对传感器的性能进行测试。如图3所示,传感器固定在振动台上方,通过控制器调整振动台的振幅和频率,随后通过传感器采集数据,采集到的数据经数据采集卡及静电计处理后接入上位机软件进行显示及存储。
图4为传感器振动测量的电流及电压输出波形图,可以看出,电流及电压的波形并不是圆滑的曲线,而是阶段性的上升及下降,即,电流及电压波形均存在阶梯状的尖峰脉冲。将其中一个波形放大研究,如图5所示,在经过Al-1电极时会产生一个峰值,之后有一段相对较为平稳的横向曲线,电压值处于稳定状态,由于此时的液体位于Al-1电极与Al-2电极的空白处,且此时Al-1电极的电子转移完毕,处于饱和状态,因此输出电压保持稳定。随后当液体经过Al-2电极时,电子将继续转移,输出电压也随之增大。最后经过Al-3电极时,输出电压达到峰值。因此,可以根据波形图中不同峰值位置来计算PTFE管内液体的上升高度,进而得到振幅值。经过计算和实验得出,当波形图中出现一个峰值时, 实际传感器的振动幅度为(10±3) mm;当波形图中出现2个峰值时,振动幅度为(25±3) mm;当波形图中出现3个峰值时,振动幅度为(40±3) mm。
进一步在传感器的外电路中连接一个700 MΩ的电阻,由图5可看出,在液体上升分别经过Al-1、Al-2和Al-3电极时,会产生3个负向峰值,在液体下降分别经过Al-3、Al-2和Al-1电极时,会产生3个正向峰值,与电压波形图方向相反。但与电压输出信号相比较,电流值的输出更易受到噪声干扰,因此实际使用时应选用电压波形作为传感器的输出信号。
图6图7为传感器的振动频率测量实验结果。由图6所示结果可知,传感器的振动频率与输出波形个数一一对应,因此可根据统计输出波形个数实现对振动频率的测量。此外,随着振动频率的增加,传感器在0~11 Hz测量范围内的输出电压由20 V增加到38 V。作为传感器使用时,输出电压越大则信噪比越高,越有利于提高测量精度,即便是低频率时传感器的输出电压也有20 V,该信号值远超过一般噪声信号幅值,由此证明了传感器在量程范围内的输出信号具有较高的信噪比。进一步对0~11 Hz量程范围内的测量误差进行了测试,部分具有代表性的测量误差散点图如图7所示,可见测量误差小于±4%。实际钻探过程中,孔底振动频率往往与不同钻探工艺下钻柱的转速相关, 由此所产生的振动频率较低,因此传感器的量程范围满足大多数钻探工艺下振动频率的测量需求。
图8为单个传感器发电性能测试结果。如图8(a)所示,传感器的输出电压随着振动频率的增加而增加,且当振动频率为11 Hz时,输出电压最高可达到40 V。根据测试曲线规律,可将传感器的输出电压分为4个阶段,即:低平稳阶段、增长阶段、快速增长阶段以及高平稳阶段。当外接电阻为0~105 Ω时,传感器的输出电压属于低平稳阶段,输出电压趋近为0 V;当外接电阻为105~106 Ω时,其输出电压开始缓慢增长;当外接电阻为106~108 Ω时,其输出电压迅速增长;直到外接电阻达到108 Ω后,其输出电压到达高平稳阶段。
随后对传感器的输出电流进行测量,其结果如图8(b)所示,可见传感器的输出电流与振动频率成正比,与负载电阻成反比。根据图8(b)所示曲线规律,将传感器输出电流亦可分为4个阶段,即当外负载电阻为103~5.5×106 Ω时,输出电流最高,处于高平稳阶段;当外接电阻为5.5×106~108 Ω时,传感器的输出电流迅速下降,为快速下降阶段;当负载电阻为108~5.5×108 Ω时,传感器输出电流的下降斜率变缓,为下降阶段;当负载电阻为5.5×108~1010 Ω时,传感器的输出电流达到低平稳阶段。进一步对其输出功率进行了测试,结果如图8(c)所示,可见输出功率与振动频率成正比且与负载存在非线性关系,且当负载电阻为107 Ω以及振动频率为11 Hz时输出功率最大,且最大输出功率为8.3×10-7 W。
单个传感器的发电量较低,但多个传感器并联使用后可提高发电量,因此试验时将4个传感器并联使用,以测试并联后的发电效果,试验结果如图9所示。如图9(a)图9(b)所示,4个传感器并联后的输出电压与输出电流规律与单个相同,即电压均是逐渐增加直至稳定,而电流均是逐渐降低直至稳定。进一步对数据进行分析可知,4个传感器并联后的输出电压与单个传感器的输出电压基本相同,而输出电流却成倍增加,这与电池的串并联特性规律相同。如图9(c)所示,并联后的输出功率与振动频率成正比且与负载存在非线性关系,且当负载电阻为5.5×106 Ω以及振动频率为11 Hz时输出功率最大,且最大输出功率为22×10-7 W。
进一步通过大量试验测试后发现,假设单个传感器的发电功率为p,则n个传感器并联使用后的发电功率不等于np,而是处于0.65np~0.8np。原因有两方面,一是理论上当振动发生时,传感器内部的水应上升到PTFE管内的最高处,此时可输出最大功率,但由于工况环境、加工精度及安装精度等的影响,并联后并不是所有传感器内部的水均可上升到PTFE管的最高处,由此导致并联后的输出功率并不等于并联个数的倍数;二是振动发生时即便所有的传感器内部水都可到达最高处,但多个传感器内部的水并不是同时达到最高处,即,所有传感器并不是在同一时刻输出最大功率,由此导致某时刻测量到的功率不等于传感器并联个数的倍数。
实际应用时,传感器并联个数的选择主要取决于以下3个方面因素,一是若作为传感器使用,则单个传感器便可满足测量需求,若要提高传感器的可靠性,则可选择多个并联使用,并联个数越多则传感器的冗余度越高,相应的可靠性也越高;二是若作为发电机使用,并联后的总输出功率约为单个输出功率的0.65~0.8倍,因此可根据实际功率需求来计算传感器并联个数;三是传感器安装于井下使用时,还要考虑不同钻孔直径及钻孔轨迹等井下尺寸空间的限制。
进一步对传感器循环使用时输出信号的稳定性进行了测试,结果如图10图11所示。如图10所示为传感器在不同工作组数下的输出电压情况,可见在0~4 800组试验内,传感器的输出电压存在小幅度的波动,但由于传感器的输出为脉冲信号,只要输出电压值大于后续处理电路的高电平检测标准(一般是2 V左右),便对传感器的监测精度没有影响,由此证明了传感器具有较高的工作稳定性。如图11所示为传感器在11 Hz振动频率下连续工作4 d时的试验情况,结果显示传感器输出仍然保持稳定,其波动幅度不足以影响后续处理电路对脉冲信号电平的检测,由此进一步证实了传感器具有较高的稳定性。
温度会对传感器的性能产生影响,因此对不同温度下的传感器输出电压进行了测试,由如图12所示的实验结果可知,随着温度的增加,传感器的输出电压逐渐下降,且当温度增加到85 ℃时,传感器输出电压由初始的24.8 V下降到22.9 V,下降幅度为7.7%。
对于振幅测量而言,由于振幅的测量依靠电压脉冲阶梯幅值,当温度增加时传感器输出电压幅值下降,但不同振幅处的电压幅值均以相同规律下降,其输出波形仍然存在电压脉冲阶梯,因此在0~85 ℃温度范围内,振幅的测量不受影响。对于频率测量而言,频率的测量依靠电压脉冲个数。脉冲输出型传感器的后续处理电路一般与单片机的脉冲输入端口相连接,端口依据TTL(transistor-transistor logic)逻辑电平实现脉冲信号的识别及计数。由于TTL电平将电压幅值大于约2 V识别为高电平,传感器在高温下的输出电压幅值仍远大于TTL电平的识别标准,因此在0~85 ℃温度范围内,频率的测量不受影响。
进一步通过大量试验发现,当温度超过85℃后,传感器的输出电压幅值波动较大且无规律,原因在于高温度下传感器中的水溶液存在少量的挥发,挥发的水蒸气在传感器顶部重新凝结为小水滴后,沿PTFE管内部滑落,由此给电荷转移造成了影响。因此将传感器的工作温度范围定义为0~85 ℃,该温度范围满足一般的矿山地质钻探工况环境需求。
进一步研究内部液体对传感器输出性能的影响。首先研究内部液体体积对传感器输出电压的影响,由图13所示结果可知,当液体高度在20 mm时,其输出电压为10 V;当液体高度在50 mm时,即位于PTFE管的中间部分,其输出电压最大且最大值为30 V;随着液体高度继续增加,其输出电压下降,原因在于当液体高度位于PTFE管的中间部分时,液体与上下两个电极之间摩擦时的面积能够达到最大,因此其转移的摩擦电荷数量也会达到最大值。因此在传感器设计时,为保证输出电压最大,液体的高度应位于PTFE管的中间部分。
随后研究液体pH对传感器输出性能的影响,由图14所示试验结果可知,当液体呈酸性时,输出电压最低为60 V;当液体呈中性时,输出电压为30 V;当液体呈碱性时,输出电压最高为15 V。出现此现象的原因在于随着液体的pH增加,其氢离子的浓度会减少,导致液体内正电荷的密度减少,继而降低了PTFE表面的负电荷密度,最终输出电压也随之减少。因此在传感器设计时,可根据实际工况及工作条件为传感器选择合适的液体pH。
最后对液体的性质进行研究,由图15所示试验结果可知,当使用去离子水时,其输出电压最高且最大值为41 V;当使用自来水时,输出电压可达38 V;当使用含有杂质的水时,其输出电压为32 V;当使用NaCl溶液时,其输出电压最低且最小值为25 V。因此不同液体的性质会对传感器的电压输出造成影响,在进行传感器设计时应根据实际情况进行选择。
提出了一种井下阵列式可变形自供电振动传感器,并通过一系列实验验证了其性能。以下是实验结果的结论。
(1)传感器可同步测量振幅和频率,其中振动频率的测量范围为0~11 Hz,测量误差小于±4%;可实现3个离散振幅值(10、25及40 mm)的测量,测量误差为±3 mm。传感器的工作温度范围为0~85 ℃。
(2)传感器具有发电功能,试验表明传感器的最大输出功率可达8.3×10-7 W,且多个传感器并联使用后可提高发电量。
(3)传感器的溶液体积、pH和溶液性质会对输出信号产生影响,且在长时间循环使用后仍然具有较高的稳定性。
  • 国家重点研发计划(2023YFC2907502)
  • 陕西陕煤曹家滩矿业有限公司项目(KCYJY-2023-ZD-02)
  • 陕西陕煤曹家滩矿业有限公司项目(2023-TD-ZD003-003)
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2025年第25卷第1期
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2401870
  • 接收时间:2024-03-15
  • 首发时间:2025-07-29
  • 出版时间:2025-01-08
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  • 收稿日期:2024-03-15
  • 修回日期:2024-10-10
基金
国家重点研发计划(2023YFC2907502)
陕西陕煤曹家滩矿业有限公司项目(KCYJY-2023-ZD-02)
陕西陕煤曹家滩矿业有限公司项目(2023-TD-ZD003-003)
作者信息
    1.陕西陕煤曹家滩矿业有限公司, 神木 719100
    2.中煤科工开采研究院有限公司, 北京 100013
    3.天地科技股份有限公司, 北京 100013
    4.中国地质大学(武汉)机械与电子信息学院, 武汉 430074

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* 吴川(1986—),男,汉族,河北邯郸人,博士,副教授。研究方向:随钻测量、钻探机具及自发电传感器。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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