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Popular zoology played a significant role in Russian and Soviet science popularization from the 19th to the 20th century. This science popularization tradition originated from the 19th-century Russian academic practice of teaching local fauna. In the first half of the 20th century, the state-led "Young Naturalists" movement exerted a widespread and profound influence on the youth. Yevgeny Spangenberg and Aleksandr Formozov were representative popular zoologists of this period. Their works transcended the mere transmission of objective knowledge, developing a distinctively literary narrative style originating from the natural history tradition. By integrating personal experiences, reflections on hunting, and the interpretation of animal tracks, these works vividly portrayed the complex, contextualized relationships between humans and animals, emphasizing the importance of emotional connection and immersive observation.

, authors=Che Jiang*, Enshuo Zhang, authorsList=Che Jiang, Enshuo Zhang, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Che Jiang, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1283853570600579226, articleId=1283853568524398744, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651992496091148, language=CN, title=19至20世纪的俄苏动物学科普:起源与发展掠影, columnId=1283853567454851216, journalTitle=科普创作评论, columnName=博物创作与出版, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

在19至20世纪俄苏的科普工作中,动物学科普占有重要地位,这一科普传统源于19世纪俄国学界对本土动物知识的教学。20世纪前半叶,由国家主导的“少年博物学家”运动广泛而深入地影响了青少年群体。斯潘根贝尔格和福尔莫佐夫是这一时期的代表性动物学科普作家,他们的作品超越了客观知识的简单传递,形成了一种富于文学色彩的博物学叙事风格。通过融入个人经历、狩猎反思、踪迹解读等方式,这些作品生动地勾勒出人与动物在具体情境下的复杂关系,强调了情感联结与沉浸式观察的重要性。

, authors=蒋澈*, 张恩硕, authorsList=蒋澈, 张恩硕, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=蒋澈, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 蒋澈,清华大学科学史系副教授、副系主任,研究方向为博物学史、西方科学史。
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19至20世纪的俄苏动物学科普:起源与发展掠影
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蒋澈 * , 张恩硕
科普创作评论 | 博物创作与出版 2025,5(4): 35-42
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科普创作评论 |博物创作与出版 2025 , 5 (4) : 35 -42
19至20世纪的俄苏动物学科普:起源与发展掠影
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蒋澈* , 张恩硕
作者信息
  • 清华大学科学史系,北京 100084
通讯作者:
* 蒋澈,清华大学科学史系副教授、副系主任,研究方向为博物学史、西方科学史。
Popular Zoology in Russia and the Soviet Union during the 19th and 20th Centuries: Origins and Development
Che Jiang* , Enshuo Zhang
Affiliations
  • Department of the History of Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
出版时间: 2025-12-20 doi: 10.19957/j.cnki.kpczpl.2025.04.007
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在19至20世纪俄苏的科普工作中,动物学科普占有重要地位,这一科普传统源于19世纪俄国学界对本土动物知识的教学。20世纪前半叶,由国家主导的“少年博物学家”运动广泛而深入地影响了青少年群体。斯潘根贝尔格和福尔莫佐夫是这一时期的代表性动物学科普作家,他们的作品超越了客观知识的简单传递,形成了一种富于文学色彩的博物学叙事风格。通过融入个人经历、狩猎反思、踪迹解读等方式,这些作品生动地勾勒出人与动物在具体情境下的复杂关系,强调了情感联结与沉浸式观察的重要性。

苏联  /  俄罗斯  /  动物学  /  博物学

Popular zoology played a significant role in Russian and Soviet science popularization from the 19th to the 20th century. This science popularization tradition originated from the 19th-century Russian academic practice of teaching local fauna. In the first half of the 20th century, the state-led "Young Naturalists" movement exerted a widespread and profound influence on the youth. Yevgeny Spangenberg and Aleksandr Formozov were representative popular zoologists of this period. Their works transcended the mere transmission of objective knowledge, developing a distinctively literary narrative style originating from the natural history tradition. By integrating personal experiences, reflections on hunting, and the interpretation of animal tracks, these works vividly portrayed the complex, contextualized relationships between humans and animals, emphasizing the importance of emotional connection and immersive observation.

Soviet Union  /  Russia  /  zoology  /  natural history
蒋澈, 张恩硕. 19至20世纪的俄苏动物学科普:起源与发展掠影. 科普创作评论, 2025 , 5 (4) : 35 -42 . DOI: 10.19957/j.cnki.kpczpl.2025.04.007
Che Jiang, Enshuo Zhang. Popular Zoology in Russia and the Soviet Union during the 19th and 20th Centuries: Origins and Development[J]. Science Writing Review, 2025 , 5 (4) : 35 -42 . DOI: 10.19957/j.cnki.kpczpl.2025.04.007

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doi: 10.19957/j.cnki.kpczpl.2025.04.007
  • 首发时间:2026-07-14
  • 出版时间:2025-12-20
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    清华大学科学史系,北京 100084

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* 蒋澈,清华大学科学史系副教授、副系主任,研究方向为博物学史、西方科学史。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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