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文化景观作为世界遗产中不可或缺的一部分,是反映区域文化特征与自然环境有机结合的重要因素,对于弘扬国家文化,传承民族精神具有重大意义。以河南省沿黄流域内330处文化景观为例,采用ArcGIS10.8中核密度分析、最邻近指数分析、地理探测器等方法,对该流域内文化景观的空间分布特征及影响因素进行探究。研究发现:整体空间分布上,文化景观呈“多核心集中、少局部分散”的特点,分布于河南豫西地区较多,并以郑州市为界,呈“西热东冷”的空间分布态势;空间分布类型上,不同类型文化景观分布格局存有差异,设计类及遗址类文化景观以洛阳市为核心密集区,呈“以核连片”的分布格局,聚落类及区域类文化景观分别以三门峡及济源市为核心密集区,呈“多核心、组团式”的分布格局;市域分布上,文化景观分布存有不均衡性,在历史文化悠久、自然资源丰富的地区分布数量类型较多;影响因素上,文化景观空间分布受自然环境及水热条件影响较大,在坡度12°以下、近水临路、气温及光照适宜等条件下分布较为密集。

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