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在“双碳”背景下,国家不断完善绿色金融领域的顶层设计,引导资金流向环保领域,倒逼重污染企业加快绿色转型速度。采用2012—2024年中国沪深A股重污染行业的上市公司数据考察绿色金融对重污染企业ESG(环境、社会和治理)表现的影响。研究发现:绿色金融发展对重污染企业ESG表现具有显著的正向影响,且这一正向作用在国有企业、非高科技企业和机构投资者持股比例较高的重污染企业中表现更为明显;机制研究表明,绿色金融发展通过提升重污染企业的绿色创新数量和质量,进而促进重污染企业ESG表现的提升;绿色金融对重污染企业ESG表现的提升受到外部条件和内部条件的双重影响;环境规制有利于绿色金融发展对重污染企业ESG表现的促进效应,提升高管绿色认知可增强绿色金融发展对重污染企业的正向影响。研究厘清了绿色金融发展推动重污染企业ESG表现的内在逻辑,为重污染企业进行低碳转型提供政策启示。

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