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长江上游地区是重要的绿色生态屏障。利用长江上游地区328个县域2010—2020年的面板数据,建立双向固定效应模型和调节效应模型。结果表明:县域产业结构升级对生态环境有显著影响,其中产业结构合理化、产业结构高级化与生态环境质量之间存在“U”型关系;城镇化水平、经济活跃度越高,产业结构合理化正向促进生态环境质量的调节作用越明显;土地利用程度增强了产业结构高级化与生态环境之间的“U”型关系。异质性分析表明,在长江上游数字化普及水平较低的地区产业结构升级的影响更加明显。由此,提出因地制宜优化产业布局、分区施策推动产业园区化发展等建议。

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