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Under the background of global climate change and the “dual carbon” goal, the oil and gas field industry is facing a dual challenge of stabilizing oil and gas production and controlling emissions to reduce carbon emissions. In recent years, Zhongyuan Oilfield has vigorously developed new energy, with the Pusan Transfer Station as a pilot for new energy substitution. Combining the resources and energy consumption characteristics of the transfer station, the oilfield has fully utilized the waste heat resources and solar energy resources of the produced water in this area, forming a “waste heat+photovoltaic” multi energy comprehensive utilization technology, providing a clean, low-carbon and stable heat source for the transfer station. After the implementation of the project, the annual natural gas consumption has been reduced by 1.6 million cubic meters, saving 1 864 tons of standard coal annually and reducing 3 392 tons of carbon dioxide annually, achieving good economic and social benefits. It has been promoted and implemented at various transfer stations in the oilfield, laying the foundation for achieving green and low-carbon development of the oilfield.
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在全球气候变暖和“双碳”目标的背景下,油气田行业面临着稳油增气与控排减碳的双重挑战。近年来中原油田大力发展新能源,以濮三中转站新能源替代为试点,结合中转站资源及用能特点,充分利用本区域油田采出水余热资源和太阳能资源,形成“余热+光伏”多能源综合利用技术,为中转站提供清洁低碳稳定的热源。项目实施后,年减少天然气消耗160万m3,年可节约标煤1 864 t,年减排二氧化碳3 392 t,取得了良好的经济及社会效益,并在油田各中转站推广实施,为实现油田的绿色低碳发展奠定了基础。
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陈小敏(1988—),男,河南范县人,硕士,工程师,研究方向为余热、光伏等新能源与油气生产融合。
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陈小敏(1988—),男,河南范县人,硕士,工程师,研究方向为余热、光伏等新能源与油气生产融合。
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陈小敏(1988—),男,河南范县人,硕士,工程师,研究方向为余热、光伏等新能源与油气生产融合。
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煤气与热力,
2024,
44(8): 11-13., articleTitle=电压缩式热泵和吸收式热泵余热回收分析, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1208459452328559378, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, articleId=1208054534706925634, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1208459452353725203, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, articleId=1208054534706925634, companyId=1208459452328559378, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Petroleum Engineering Technology Research Institute of Sinopec Zhongyuan Oilfield Branch, Puyang 457001, Henan, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1208459452366308117, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, articleId=1208054534706925634, companyId=1208459452328559378, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=中国石油化工股份有限公司中原油田分公司石油工程技术研究院, 河南 濮阳 457001)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1208459455172297658, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, articleId=1208054534706925634, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=nIHb29Fr8b4zDa8GR1te8g==, figureFileBig=tG2cHKTuHkw8d3X2B87ObA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208459455264572357, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, articleId=1208054534706925634, language=CN, label=图1, caption=
濮三中转站工艺流程, figureFileSmall=nIHb29Fr8b4zDa8GR1te8g==, figureFileBig=tG2cHKTuHkw8d3X2B87ObA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208459458343191504, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, articleId=1208054534706925634, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=UewdtEW5jS4qcg95iQr1lw==, figureFileBig=GRWbWxIvweEdRw5H2XXiuQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208459458477409245, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, articleId=1208054534706925634, language=CN, label=图2, caption=
热泵并联运行工艺流程, figureFileSmall=UewdtEW5jS4qcg95iQr1lw==, figureFileBig=GRWbWxIvweEdRw5H2XXiuQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208459458599044076, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, articleId=1208054534706925634, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=PkDjPo1pXPdw0xjRQl83Qg==, figureFileBig=F1etrS5z9ksJfW87VKWc7Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208459458737456122, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, articleId=1208054534706925634, language=CN, label=图3, caption=
濮三中转站余热利用工艺流程, figureFileSmall=PkDjPo1pXPdw0xjRQl83Qg==, figureFileBig=F1etrS5z9ksJfW87VKWc7Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208459458863284224, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, articleId=1208054534706925634, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 取样地点 | pH | 含量/(mg·L-1) | |
| S2- | 悬浮物 | 来水含油 | K+Na+ | Ca2+ | Mg2+ | Cl- | S | HCO3- | 矿化度 | F | ∑Fe |
| 濮三污 | 1 | 6.07 | 0 | 35 | 107.27 | 55 338 | 1 844 | 1 288 | 91 200 | 1 013 | 204.62 | 151 000 | 7.5 | 18.5 |
| 3 | 6.17 | 0 | 35 | 441.73 | 51 709 | 2 725 | 1 770 | 88 600 | 1 036 | 176.84 | 146 000 | 6.5 | 24.0 |
), ArticleFig(id=1208459458997501967, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, articleId=1208054534706925634, language=CN, label=表1, caption=
濮三中转站采出水水质
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 取样地点 | pH | 含量/(mg·L-1) | |
| S2- | 悬浮物 | 来水含油 | K+Na+ | Ca2+ | Mg2+ | Cl- | S | HCO3- | 矿化度 | F | ∑Fe |
| 濮三污 | 1 | 6.07 | 0 | 35 | 107.27 | 55 338 | 1 844 | 1 288 | 91 200 | 1 013 | 204.62 | 151 000 | 7.5 | 18.5 |
| 3 | 6.17 | 0 | 35 | 441.73 | 51 709 | 2 725 | 1 770 | 88 600 | 1 036 | 176.84 | 146 000 | 6.5 | 24.0 |
), ArticleFig(id=1208459459144302621, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, articleId=1208054534706925634, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 设备名称 | 管壳式换热器 | 螺旋板式换热器 | 板式换热器 |
| 设计压力/MPa | 无限制 | 4.0 | 2.5 |
| 设计温度/℃ | 无限制 | 无限制 | 200 |
| 小端差传热 | 不适应 | 不适应 | 适应 |
| 传热系数/(W·m-2·℃-1) | 1 000~2 000 | 1 500~3 000 | 3 000~6 000 |
| 耐堵 | 管直径任选,耐堵能力好 | 通道6~60 mm | 由模具决定 |
| 处理量 | 无限制 | 单通道,DN200以下接口 | DN400以下接口 |
| 防腐 | 考虑腐蚀裕量。钛管成本高 | 考虑腐蚀裕量。碳钢寿命4~6 a | 采用耐腐蚀材料 |
| 优势 | 设计与制造工艺成熟 | 换热效率高,工艺较成熟 | 体积小,效率高,1 ℃端差 |
| 不足 | 体积大、换热效率低 | 处理量有限,体积较大 | 承压受限、制造工艺高 |
), ArticleFig(id=1208459459324657709, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, articleId=1208054534706925634, language=CN, label=表2, caption=
不同换热器特点对比
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| 设备名称 | 管壳式换热器 | 螺旋板式换热器 | 板式换热器 |
| 设计压力/MPa | 无限制 | 4.0 | 2.5 |
| 设计温度/℃ | 无限制 | 无限制 | 200 |
| 小端差传热 | 不适应 | 不适应 | 适应 |
| 传热系数/(W·m-2·℃-1) | 1 000~2 000 | 1 500~3 000 | 3 000~6 000 |
| 耐堵 | 管直径任选,耐堵能力好 | 通道6~60 mm | 由模具决定 |
| 处理量 | 无限制 | 单通道,DN200以下接口 | DN400以下接口 |
| 防腐 | 考虑腐蚀裕量。钛管成本高 | 考虑腐蚀裕量。碳钢寿命4~6 a | 采用耐腐蚀材料 |
| 优势 | 设计与制造工艺成熟 | 换热效率高,工艺较成熟 | 体积小,效率高,1 ℃端差 |
| 不足 | 体积大、换热效率低 | 处理量有限,体积较大 | 承压受限、制造工艺高 |
), ArticleFig(id=1208459459475652670, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, articleId=1208054534706925634, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
板换当量
直径/m | 悬浮物固体含量/
(mg·L-1) | 结垢速率/
(mm·a-1) | 含油量/
(mg·L-1) | 污垢系数/
[(m2·℃)·kW-1] | 颗粒度直径中值/
μm |
| 0.004 | 0~10 | <0.07 | 0 | <0.17×10-4 | 0 |
| 0.006 | 10~30 | <0.09 | 0~100 | <0.26×10-4 | 0~10 |
| 0.008 | >30 | >0.09 | >100 | >0.43×10-4 | >10 |
), ArticleFig(id=1208459459584704586, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, articleId=1208054534706925634, language=CN, label=表3, caption=
不同板换当量直径下参数对比
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
板换当量
直径/m | 悬浮物固体含量/
(mg·L-1) | 结垢速率/
(mm·a-1) | 含油量/
(mg·L-1) | 污垢系数/
[(m2·℃)·kW-1] | 颗粒度直径中值/
μm |
| 0.004 | 0~10 | <0.07 | 0 | <0.17×10-4 | 0 |
| 0.006 | 10~30 | <0.09 | 0~100 | <0.26×10-4 | 0~10 |
| 0.008 | >30 | >0.09 | >100 | >0.43×10-4 | >10 |
), ArticleFig(id=1208459459697950809, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, articleId=1208054534706925634, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 材料名称 | 特点 | 缺点 | 结论 |
| 铜及铜合金 | 导热性好 | 当污水中的氯离子含量>100 mg/L时,对铜的腐蚀作用明显 | 不适合油田采出水水质 |
| 铝合金 | 导热性能好,成本低 | 氯离子>50 mg/L时,出现明显点蚀和晶间腐蚀倾向 | 不适合油田采出水水质 |
| 钢及不锈钢 | 结构坚固、导热性好 | 氯离子含量>25 mg/L不锈钢就会发生应力腐蚀、孔蚀、晶间腐蚀 | 不适合油田采出水水质 |
| 石墨 | 较强的耐腐蚀性,导热系数高 | 强度低、耐冲击性差,一旦泄漏,很难找到漏点和修复 | 不适合长期运行 |
| 钛合金 | 可广泛使用于有机化化合物、碱溶液以及盐溶液等介质,耐腐蚀性优良 | 材料价格较高 | 适合采用 |
), ArticleFig(id=1208459459811197027, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, articleId=1208054534706925634, language=CN, label=表4, caption=
不同板换材料优缺点对比
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 材料名称 | 特点 | 缺点 | 结论 |
| 铜及铜合金 | 导热性好 | 当污水中的氯离子含量>100 mg/L时,对铜的腐蚀作用明显 | 不适合油田采出水水质 |
| 铝合金 | 导热性能好,成本低 | 氯离子>50 mg/L时,出现明显点蚀和晶间腐蚀倾向 | 不适合油田采出水水质 |
| 钢及不锈钢 | 结构坚固、导热性好 | 氯离子含量>25 mg/L不锈钢就会发生应力腐蚀、孔蚀、晶间腐蚀 | 不适合油田采出水水质 |
| 石墨 | 较强的耐腐蚀性,导热系数高 | 强度低、耐冲击性差,一旦泄漏,很难找到漏点和修复 | 不适合长期运行 |
| 钛合金 | 可广泛使用于有机化化合物、碱溶液以及盐溶液等介质,耐腐蚀性优良 | 材料价格较高 | 适合采用 |
), ArticleFig(id=1208459459928637554, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, articleId=1208054534706925634, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 项目 | 实施前年
能耗 | 实施后年
能耗 | 实施后光
伏发电量 | 增(+)
减(-) |
| 电消耗/(104 kW·h) | 10.5 | 173 | 143 | +19.5 |
| 天然气消耗/104 m3 | 196.7 | 37.2 | — | -160 |
), ArticleFig(id=1208459460016717949, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, articleId=1208054534706925634, language=CN, label=表5, caption=
余热利用项目改造前后能耗对比情况
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 项目 | 实施前年
能耗 | 实施后年
能耗 | 实施后光
伏发电量 | 增(+)
减(-) |
| 电消耗/(104 kW·h) | 10.5 | 173 | 143 | +19.5 |
| 天然气消耗/104 m3 | 196.7 | 37.2 | — | -160 |
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