Article(id=1208054453756862652, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, issueId=1208054446576215005, articleNumber=1671-1807(2025)13-0001-05, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1736352000000, receivedDateStr=2025-01-09, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1765952226341, onlineDateStr=2025-12-17, pubDate=1752076800000, pubDateStr=2025-07-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1765952226341, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-17, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1765952226341, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1765952226341, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1208054446576215005, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, year='2025', volume='25', issue='13', pageStart='1', pageEnd='310', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1765952224630, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1765952288340, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1208054713870815567, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, issueId=1208054446576215005, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1208054713870815568, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, issueId=1208054446576215005, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1, endPage=5, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1208054455329726687, articleId=1208054453756862652, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, language=EN, title=Analysis of the Quantitative Tracer Tests in Xinyu Karst Areas of Jiangxi Province: Taking the Underground River in Dongcun as an Example, columnId=1151876674645226399, journalTitle=Science Technology and Industry, columnName=Technology Innovation, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to investigate the characteristics of karst pipeline in Dongcun, Xinyu, Jiangxi Province, rationally develop and utilize Karst water resources and scientifically protect karst water environment, two kinds of fluorescence tracers, sodium fluorescein and Rhodamine, were selected for quantitative tracing test research on Karst pipeline. The distribution, morphology and hydraulic characteristics of the Karst pipeline through the penetration curve and clarifies the connectivity of groundwater recharge, runoff and discharge characteristics were analyzed. The test results show that Zhangmuqiao water-dissipation cave is connected to Niulang Zhinv cave underground river. The Karst development of the underground river is extremely developed, with large-scale Karst pipeline as the main Karst pipeline. The pipeline is single-like and the underground runoff path of the main Karst pipeline is short. Some parts of the groundwater has the characteristic of pressure-bearing. The direction of the underground runoff is from east to west. Its flow rate is fast, and so is the solute migration rate. There’s small possibility of other drainage outlets. However, there is no hydraulic connection between the Zhangmuqiao water-dissipation cave and Shenniu cave underground river outlet.

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为查明江西新余洞村岩溶区岩溶管道特征、合理开发利用岩溶水资源、科学保护岩溶水环境,选用荧光素钠、罗丹明两种不同的荧光类示踪剂进行岩溶管道定量示踪试验研究,解析岩溶通道系统连通性,查明地下水的补给、径流和排泄特征,通过穿透曲线分析岩溶管道的分布、形态和水力特征。试验结果表明,樟木桥消水洞与牛郎织女洞地下河之间连通,地下河岩溶极其发育,以规模较大岩溶管道为主要导水通道,且管道呈单一状,岩溶主管道地下水径流路径短,地下水局部具备承压特征,地下水径流方向由东向西,地下水流速较快,溶质运移速度快,存在其他排泄口的可能性较小,而樟木桥消水洞与神牛洞地下河不存在水力联系。

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谢振东(1975—),男,江西南昌人,教授级高级工程师,研究方向为水文地质与工程地质、地下水污染修复
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罗晛(1988—),男,江西上饶人,工程师,研究方向为水文地质与工程地质;

方俊华(1986—),男,安徽安庆人,硕士,高级工程师,研究方向为水文地质、工程地质及环境地质调查。

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1为碳酸盐岩含水岩组;2为碳酸盐岩夹非碳酸盐岩含水岩组;3为第四系覆盖区;4为岩浆岩隔水层;5为碎屑岩隔水层;6为地下河出口;7为地下河入口;8为泉点;9为溶洞;10为溶潭;11为干落水洞;12为推测地下河管道;13为地表水系;14为断层;15为地下水流向;16为地层代号;17为地名

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管道储水体积
V/m3
纵向弥散系数/
(m2·s-1)
纵向弥
散度/m
摩擦系数f 雷洛兹数Re 弗劳德数Fr 舍伍德数Sh 施密特数Sc 分子扩散层
厚度/mm
15 299 15.33 847.3 0.13 99 697 0.002 6 3 385.4 1 140 1.854 9
), ArticleFig(id=1208459459182051362, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, articleId=1208054453756862652, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

通过示踪剂穿透曲线估算的水力参数值

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
管道储水体积
V/m3
纵向弥散系数/
(m2·s-1)
纵向弥
散度/m
摩擦系数f 雷洛兹数Re 弗劳德数Fr 舍伍德数Sh 施密特数Sc 分子扩散层
厚度/mm
15 299 15.33 847.3 0.13 99 697 0.002 6 3 385.4 1 140 1.854 9
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江西新余岩溶区定量示踪试验分析——以洞村地下河为例
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罗晛 1, 2 , 方俊华 1, 2 , 谢振东 1, 2
科技和产业 | 科技创新 2025,25(13): 1-5
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科技和产业 | 科技创新 2025, 25(13): 1-5
江西新余岩溶区定量示踪试验分析——以洞村地下河为例
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罗晛1, 2, 方俊华1, 2, 谢振东1, 2
作者信息
  • 1 江西省地质调查勘查院基础地质调查所, 南昌 330030
  • 2 江西有色地质矿产勘查开发院, 南昌 330030
  • 罗晛(1988—),男,江西上饶人,工程师,研究方向为水文地质与工程地质;

    方俊华(1986—),男,安徽安庆人,硕士,高级工程师,研究方向为水文地质、工程地质及环境地质调查。

通讯作者:

谢振东(1975—),男,江西南昌人,教授级高级工程师,研究方向为水文地质与工程地质、地下水污染修复
Analysis of the Quantitative Tracer Tests in Xinyu Karst Areas of Jiangxi Province: Taking the Underground River in Dongcun as an Example
Xian LUO1, 2, Junhua FANG1, 2, Zhendong XIE1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1 Basic Geological Survey Institute of Jiangxi Geological Survey and Exploration Institute, Nanchang 330030, China
  • 2 Jiangxi Nonferrous Geological Mineral Exploration and Development Institute, Nanchang 330030, China
出版时间: 2025-07-10
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为查明江西新余洞村岩溶区岩溶管道特征、合理开发利用岩溶水资源、科学保护岩溶水环境,选用荧光素钠、罗丹明两种不同的荧光类示踪剂进行岩溶管道定量示踪试验研究,解析岩溶通道系统连通性,查明地下水的补给、径流和排泄特征,通过穿透曲线分析岩溶管道的分布、形态和水力特征。试验结果表明,樟木桥消水洞与牛郎织女洞地下河之间连通,地下河岩溶极其发育,以规模较大岩溶管道为主要导水通道,且管道呈单一状,岩溶主管道地下水径流路径短,地下水局部具备承压特征,地下水径流方向由东向西,地下水流速较快,溶质运移速度快,存在其他排泄口的可能性较小,而樟木桥消水洞与神牛洞地下河不存在水力联系。

岩溶区  /  示踪试验  /  地下径流  /  管道特征

In order to investigate the characteristics of karst pipeline in Dongcun, Xinyu, Jiangxi Province, rationally develop and utilize Karst water resources and scientifically protect karst water environment, two kinds of fluorescence tracers, sodium fluorescein and Rhodamine, were selected for quantitative tracing test research on Karst pipeline. The distribution, morphology and hydraulic characteristics of the Karst pipeline through the penetration curve and clarifies the connectivity of groundwater recharge, runoff and discharge characteristics were analyzed. The test results show that Zhangmuqiao water-dissipation cave is connected to Niulang Zhinv cave underground river. The Karst development of the underground river is extremely developed, with large-scale Karst pipeline as the main Karst pipeline. The pipeline is single-like and the underground runoff path of the main Karst pipeline is short. Some parts of the groundwater has the characteristic of pressure-bearing. The direction of the underground runoff is from east to west. Its flow rate is fast, and so is the solute migration rate. There’s small possibility of other drainage outlets. However, there is no hydraulic connection between the Zhangmuqiao water-dissipation cave and Shenniu cave underground river outlet.

Karst area  /  tracer test  /  groundwater runoff  /  pipe feature
罗晛, 方俊华, 谢振东. 江西新余岩溶区定量示踪试验分析——以洞村地下河为例. 科技和产业, 2025 , 25 (13) : 1 -5 .
Xian LUO, Junhua FANG, Zhendong XIE. Analysis of the Quantitative Tracer Tests in Xinyu Karst Areas of Jiangxi Province: Taking the Underground River in Dongcun as an Example[J]. Science Technology and Industry, 2025 , 25 (13) : 1 -5 .
人工示踪试验作为岩溶水文地质调查研究中重要手段之一[1],广泛应用于划分岩溶区水文地质边界[2-3]、隧道涌水[4]、矿井充水[5]、水库渗漏勘察[6]、识别岩溶含水层结构特征(岩溶地下河管道连通性及岩溶管道结构特征)[7-12]、揭示岩溶含水层溶质运移特征[13-15]等领域。随着技术的进步和在线监测设备(如荧光示踪仪等)的广泛运用,示踪剂也由天然示踪剂转为人工示踪剂,人工示踪剂可根据研究方案自由投放。当前经常使用的人工示踪剂主要有荧光素钠和罗丹明等,其具有易溶于水、无毒、灵敏度高、易被仪器检测、不容易受地下水中其他物质干扰,并且具有极低的检出限等优点。同时,随着示踪剂监测设备的提升,示踪剂检测工作也由室内转到野外,极大提高了工作效率,减轻了工作强度,也有效提高了示踪试验准确性,示踪试验数据分析也由定性研究逐步转向了半定量、定量研究[3,16]
本文以江西新余洞村地区典型岩溶区为研究对象,通过示踪试验对岩溶地下水系统进行研究,解析岩溶通道系统连通性,查明地下水的补给、径流和排泄特征,并通过示踪剂穿透曲线分析出岩溶管道的分布、形态和水力特征,以期为该区岩溶水资源开发利用与水环境保护提供合理依据。
研究区地处扬子板块与华夏古板块的拼贴部位,位于九岭逆冲推覆构造和武功山伸展构造体系的对接带上(萍乐坳陷带西段),经历了长期多旋回的构造运动,断裂构造、推(滑)覆构造、盖层褶皱构造极为发育[17]。断裂带一方面控制了岩溶地层分布,同时对岩层进行破坏,极为有利于地下水的渗透补给和赋存。
新余洞村地区位于萍乡-乐平坳陷带西段岩溶发育带上,地层以晚古生代海相沉积地层为主,岩溶含水层主要由二叠纪碳酸盐岩构成,二叠纪栖霞组(P2q)、茅口组(P2m)等纯及较纯碳酸盐岩含水岩组呈面状连片分布。洞村地区内发育多条地下河:①里村地下河,位于洞村乡里村北部,地下河道长约230 m,地下河出口海拔300 m,出口流量为4.06 L/s,排泄于河谷中,该地下河枯水期水流在洞内消落地下,丰水期流出地表; ②神牛洞地下河,主地下河道长约1 500 m,有多个支流汇入,地下河出口海拔138 m,长观期地下河出口最大流量807.93 L/s,极端年份会断流,排泄于河谷中,岩溶水通过地表径流汇入牛郎织女洞地下河;③牛郎织女洞地下河,主地下河道长约1 233 m,地下河出口海拔135 m,洞内发育有3处岩溶泉,排泄于孔目江,长观期地下河出口最大流量1 002.3 L/s。岩溶洼地、溶洞、落水洞及地下河管道等岩溶形态发育,岩溶发育强烈。洼地底部往往发育有消(落)水洞、竖井、天窗等不同的岩溶形态,这些岩溶形态在研究区纯碳酸盐岩地区最为发育。这些岩溶形态与地下河管道相通,以点状补给为特点,大气降水经地表径流后注入式流入地下河管道,形成以垂直流场为主的水流场,往往形成地下水水位暴起暴落的水动力场特征,易造成地下水水位的急剧变化。岩溶含水介质空间以岩溶裂隙-地下河管道系统为主要特征,常常形成树枝状、多层级的地下河管道系统,其中部分地下河通过地表径流流入洼地或盲谷内消(落)水洞,汇入另一级地下河管道系统。研究区岩溶地下水资源分布具有相对集中但不均匀、水量大、埋藏深等特点。研究区北东部有花岗岩区和南部二叠纪碎屑岩区分布,属相对隔水层,其地表水均补给岩溶区。
示踪试验采用化学示踪法多元示踪试验方法。示踪剂野外监测仪器采用Albillia公司生产的 GGUN-FL SN9型野外示踪荧光测定仪,该设备在线监测覆盖整个光谱,可同时在线监测多种荧光类示踪剂,检出限为0.02 μg/L,并且多种示踪剂监测结果不会互相影响。在无人值守的情况下,该设备可实时存储多达4×60 000组数据。示踪剂选用荧光素钠、罗丹明,其具有易溶于水、无毒、高灵敏度、易被仪器检测、抗干扰性强、检出限极低等优点。
示踪试验地点位于新余市洞村地区,试验对象为新余市洞村地区碳酸盐岩含水层(图1)。结合野外调查,选定示踪剂投放点为樟木桥消水洞[图2(a)],接收点分别为牛郎织女洞地下河出口[图2(b)]和神牛洞地下河出口。
投放点设在盲谷消水洞进口,接收点则为地下河出口。从盲谷消水洞进口投放示踪剂(荧光素钠和罗丹明各500 g),在地下河出口处放置野外示踪荧光测定仪在线监测,同时进行人工取样分析,采用人工检测分析与仪器分析相结合进行现场分析。
洞村地区示踪试验接收点之一牛郎织女洞地下河出口采用野外示踪荧光测定仪在线监测,设置监测时间间隔为15 min。另一接收点神牛洞地下河出口采用人工取样,取样按接收到初值前每间隔12 h取样一次,现场用550 mL塑料瓶封装后,采用黑色塑料袋包装,然后送项目部用野外示踪荧光测定仪测试。
依据野外示踪荧光测定仪采集的示踪试验数据,利用Qtracer2软件对试验数据进行分析。示踪试验示踪剂回收量和回收率分别用式(1)、式(2)计算。
M 0 = t 2 t 1 C   ( t ) Q ( t ) d t
P = M 0 M × 100 %
式中:M0为示踪剂回收质量,g;t1为示踪剂初现时间,s;t2为示踪剂恢复到背景值时间,s;C为历时浓度,μg/L;Q为实时流量,m3/s;M为示踪剂的投放量,g;P为示踪剂回收率,%。
洞村地区示踪试验于樟木桥消水洞投入荧光素钠示踪剂和罗丹明示踪剂各500 g。位于牛郎织女洞处野外示踪荧光测定仪在线监测历时185 h,每隔15 min接收一次数据。投示踪剂22 h后初次接收到荧光素钠示踪剂,35 h达到峰值,随后衰减,穿透曲线呈单峰状。罗丹明示踪剂初次接收时间、峰值时间、衰减时间与荧光素钠示踪剂基本一致。
根据穿透曲线(图3)可以看出,两种示踪剂时间-浓度曲线都呈现出单峰特征,且两种示踪剂的时间-浓度曲线基本一致,只是两者出现高峰的时间有细微差别,峰值出现仅相差0.5 h左右。由此可以看出,种类不同的示踪剂在同一时间的试验条件下时间-浓度曲线不会互相产生影响。岩溶水以承压水状态存在,时间-浓度曲线上升和下降幅度较快,说明其管道流占主要部分,岩溶主管道地下水径流路径短,溶质运移速度快。根据图3中浓度变化过程及对应时间可估算地下河岩溶管道承压段直线距离及水流速度。其峰值的出现过程中曲线斜率的变化较稳定,曲线平稳升高且平稳降低,未出现锯齿状波动,地下水流速和弥散系数发生变化较小,说明该管道呈单一状,水流方向单一,且管道内部存在溶潭和其他排泄出口的可能性较小。
位于神牛洞地下河出口处投示踪剂初期每天采样2次,持续15 d,共采取地下河水样30瓶。后经野外示踪荧光测定仪测试分析,并未接收到投放的两种示踪剂。
根据式(1)、式(2),计算出荧光素钠示踪剂回收质量为228.84 g,回收率为45.77%,罗丹明示踪剂回收质量为207.1 g,回收率为41.42%。
根据示踪试验监测数据,利用Qtracer2软件获得相应的水力参数,并估算出管道规模参数(表1)。
洞村地区示踪试验示踪剂投放点樟木桥消水洞与接收点牛郎织女洞地下河出口海拔高差120 m,海拔高差较大,所属地层为茅口组(P2m),岩性为灰、灰黑色中厚层状隐晶质灰岩,为纯碳酸盐岩裂隙溶洞型岩溶含水介质,所属含水岩组系碳酸盐岩含水岩组。地表、地下岩溶发育强烈,其蓄水空间主要有溶孔、溶穴、岩溶裂隙、溶洞(管道)等构成,是强岩溶化作用的结果。岩溶地下水主要通过地下河入口、消水洞、洼地、溶洞等岩溶通道接受大气降水、地表水补给,再通过岩溶裂隙、管道径流至其下部的地下河管道中,然后沿牛郎织女洞地下河出口排泄。可见该区域介质空间多发育成地下洞穴或地下河管道,地下岩溶空间以地下河流域的裂隙管道系统为显著特征,以岩溶裂隙管道为岩溶地下水的主要蓄水空间,以规模较大、数量较多的地下河管道为岩溶地下水的主要导水通道,同时岩溶化的分异及地表泥沙的充填,使其地下水具有极不均一性。根据洞村地区示踪试验结果显示,樟木桥消水洞与神牛洞地下河不存在水力联系,而牛郎织女洞地下河出口接收到示踪剂,说明樟木桥消水洞地下径流与管道相同,方向由东向西。
通过示踪试验结合野外调查,基本上查明了洞村地区地下河岩溶管道的连通性,并通过穿透曲线估算的水力参数值分析出岩溶管道结构特征。
(1)樟木桥消水洞与神牛洞地下河不存在水力联系,而牛郎织女洞地下河出口接收到示踪剂,说明樟木桥消水洞与牛郎织女洞地下河连通,地下河以管道流为主,岩溶极其发育,地下水径流方向由东向西,局部具备承压特征。
(2)示踪剂时间-浓度曲线(穿透曲线)呈现出单峰特征,且峰值的出现过程中曲线斜率变化较稳定,说明其管道流占主要部分且管道呈单一状,岩溶主管道地下水径流路径短,流向单一,溶质运移速度快,存在其他排泄口的可能性较小。
(3)樟木桥消水洞与牛郎织女洞地下河之间岩溶介质极为发育,地下水流速较快,地下水环境相当脆弱。目前牛郎织女洞已开发成景区,樟木桥消水洞上游一旦受到污染,将对下游景区水质及旅游造成严重影响。通过此次示踪试验有助于景区开发利用及保护。
  • 中国地质调查局地质调查工作项目(水〔2014〕02-004-001)
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2025年第25卷第13期
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  • 接收时间:2025-01-09
  • 首发时间:2025-12-17
  • 出版时间:2025-07-10
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  • 收稿日期:2025-01-09
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中国地质调查局地质调查工作项目(水〔2014〕02-004-001)
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    1 江西省地质调查勘查院基础地质调查所, 南昌 330030
    2 江西有色地质矿产勘查开发院, 南昌 330030

通讯作者:

谢振东(1975—),男,江西南昌人,教授级高级工程师,研究方向为水文地质与工程地质、地下水污染修复
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
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Genus
种数
Number of
species
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Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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