Article(id=1208054448803385567, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, issueId=1208054446576215005, articleNumber=1671-1807(2025)13-0064-08, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1731686400000, receivedDateStr=2024-11-16, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1765952225160, onlineDateStr=2025-12-17, pubDate=1752076800000, pubDateStr=2025-07-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1765952225160, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-17, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1765952225160, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1765952225160, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1208054446576215005, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, year='2025', volume='25', issue='13', pageStart='1', pageEnd='310', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1765952224630, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1765952288340, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1208054713870815567, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, issueId=1208054446576215005, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1208054713870815568, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, issueId=1208054446576215005, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=64, endPage=71, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1208054449193455853, articleId=1208054448803385567, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, language=EN, title=Formation Mechanism of Stiffness in Red Bed Soil-rock Mixtures under Different Particle Size Distributions, columnId=1151876674645226399, journalTitle=Science Technology and Industry, columnName=Technology Innovation, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Revealing the effect of particle size distribution (PSD) to the stiffness characteristics of the red stratum soil-rock mixture (RS S-RM) has significant implications for the subgrade construction, with Sichuan Basin as a representative. 20 large-scale triaxial tests with different PSDs were conducted. Introducing the concept of effective dominant skeleton size ( d e d), digital image processing technology was utilized to collect the d e d. The relative dominance ratio ( D d) describing the structural skeleton changes after the test was defined. The response of the stiffness characteristics of the RS S-RM regarding confining pressure ( σ 3) and D d were investigated. Validation experiment and related research verify the credibility of the formation mechanism of stiffness. The results indicate that as the shearing process, more and more particles near the shear plane transition from their initial interlocking state to sliding friction. Consequently, the soil-stone framework evolves from a suspended-dense structure to a skeleton-dense structure, and finally transforms into a skeleton-void structure; the initial deformation modulus ( E 0) relationship with σ 3 and D d follows: E 0 = 14.50 + ( 1 + 36.33 σ 3 0.1 ) e 1.06 D d. The relationship between the tangent deformation modulus ( E t) of the specimen at failure ε 1 = 15 % is E t = - 6.06 + ( 1 + 0.08 σ 3 ) e - 0.09 D d. Validation experiment and related research confirmed the response of E 0 and E t to σ 3 and D d. The stiffness characteristics of the RS S-RM can be predicted solely based on the PSD and σ 3.

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揭示粒度分布(PSD)对红层土石混合体的刚度影响规律对以四川盆地为代表的道路建设具有重要意义。通过20组不同PSD的大型三轴试验,引入有效支配骨架尺寸( d e d)的概念,利用数字图像处理技术统计红层土石混合体试验前后的ded,定义试验后骨架变化的相对支配比(Dd),探究红层土石混合体刚度特性对围压( σ 3)和Dd的响应,并通过试验和相关研究验证红层土石混合体刚度形成机制。结果表明,随着剪切持续发展,剪切面附近越来越多的颗粒从初始咬合状态转变为滑动摩擦,土石骨架从悬浮-密实结构转变为骨架-密实结构,最后变为骨架-空隙结构;初始变形模量( E 0)与 σ 3 D d的关系为 E 0 = 14.50 + ( 1 + 36.33 σ 3 0.1 ) e 1.06 D d;试样破坏时轴应变 ε 1 = 15 %的切线变形模量(E t)与 σ 3 D d的关系为 E t = - 6.06 + ( 1 + 0.08 σ 3 ) e - 0.09 D d。验证试验和相关研究证实了 E 0 E t σ 3 D d的响应,可以仅由红层土石混合体的PSD和 σ 3预测其刚度特性。

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夏冕(1989—),男,四川成都人,硕士,工程师,研究方向为路基工程
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武琨璐(1998—),女,陕西榆林人,硕士,助理工程师,研究方向为路基工程;

何卓岭(1997—),男,四川巴中人,博士研究生,研究方向为路基工程。

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指标 粉质黏土 中风化粉砂质泥岩
天然密度ρ/(g·cm-3) 1.78 2.56
天然含水量w/% 16.67 1.92
土粒相对密度Gs 2.72 -
内摩擦角/(°) 27.07 38.40
黏聚力c/kPa 25.32 560.00
天然单轴抗压强度σc/MPa - 6.38
), ArticleFig(id=1208459470045295357, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, articleId=1208054448803385567, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

红层土石混合体组分物性指标

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标 粉质黏土 中风化粉砂质泥岩
天然密度ρ/(g·cm-3) 1.78 2.56
天然含水量w/% 16.67 1.92
土粒相对密度Gs 2.72 -
内摩擦角/(°) 27.07 38.40
黏聚力c/kPa 25.32 560.00
天然单轴抗压强度σc/MPa - 6.38
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不同粒度分布下红层土石混合体刚度形成机理
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武琨璐 1 , 夏冕 1 , 何卓岭 2
科技和产业 | 科技创新 2025,25(13): 64-71
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科技和产业 | 科技创新 2025, 25(13): 64-71
不同粒度分布下红层土石混合体刚度形成机理
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武琨璐1, 夏冕1, 何卓岭2
作者信息
  • 1 四川省公路规划勘察设计研究院有限公司, 成都 610041
  • 2 西南交通大学土木工程学院, 成都 610031
  • 武琨璐(1998—),女,陕西榆林人,硕士,助理工程师,研究方向为路基工程;

    何卓岭(1997—),男,四川巴中人,博士研究生,研究方向为路基工程。

通讯作者:

夏冕(1989—),男,四川成都人,硕士,工程师,研究方向为路基工程
Formation Mechanism of Stiffness in Red Bed Soil-rock Mixtures under Different Particle Size Distributions
Kunlu WU1, Mian XIA1, Zhuoling HE2
Affiliations
  • 1 Sichuan Highway Planning, Survey, Design and Research Institute Ltd., Chengdu 610041, China
  • 2 School of Civil Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
出版时间: 2025-07-10
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揭示粒度分布(PSD)对红层土石混合体的刚度影响规律对以四川盆地为代表的道路建设具有重要意义。通过20组不同PSD的大型三轴试验,引入有效支配骨架尺寸( d e d)的概念,利用数字图像处理技术统计红层土石混合体试验前后的ded,定义试验后骨架变化的相对支配比(Dd),探究红层土石混合体刚度特性对围压( σ 3)和Dd的响应,并通过试验和相关研究验证红层土石混合体刚度形成机制。结果表明,随着剪切持续发展,剪切面附近越来越多的颗粒从初始咬合状态转变为滑动摩擦,土石骨架从悬浮-密实结构转变为骨架-密实结构,最后变为骨架-空隙结构;初始变形模量( E 0)与 σ 3 D d的关系为 E 0 = 14.50 + ( 1 + 36.33 σ 3 0.1 ) e 1.06 D d;试样破坏时轴应变 ε 1 = 15 %的切线变形模量(E t)与 σ 3 D d的关系为 E t = - 6.06 + ( 1 + 0.08 σ 3 ) e - 0.09 D d。验证试验和相关研究证实了 E 0 E t σ 3 D d的响应,可以仅由红层土石混合体的PSD和 σ 3预测其刚度特性。

红层土石混合体  /  大型三轴试验  /  相对支配比  /  围压  /  刚度特性

Revealing the effect of particle size distribution (PSD) to the stiffness characteristics of the red stratum soil-rock mixture (RS S-RM) has significant implications for the subgrade construction, with Sichuan Basin as a representative. 20 large-scale triaxial tests with different PSDs were conducted. Introducing the concept of effective dominant skeleton size ( d e d), digital image processing technology was utilized to collect the d e d. The relative dominance ratio ( D d) describing the structural skeleton changes after the test was defined. The response of the stiffness characteristics of the RS S-RM regarding confining pressure ( σ 3) and D d were investigated. Validation experiment and related research verify the credibility of the formation mechanism of stiffness. The results indicate that as the shearing process, more and more particles near the shear plane transition from their initial interlocking state to sliding friction. Consequently, the soil-stone framework evolves from a suspended-dense structure to a skeleton-dense structure, and finally transforms into a skeleton-void structure; the initial deformation modulus ( E 0) relationship with σ 3 and D d follows: E 0 = 14.50 + ( 1 + 36.33 σ 3 0.1 ) e 1.06 D d. The relationship between the tangent deformation modulus ( E t) of the specimen at failure ε 1 = 15 % is E t = - 6.06 + ( 1 + 0.08 σ 3 ) e - 0.09 D d. Validation experiment and related research confirmed the response of E 0 and E t to σ 3 and D d. The stiffness characteristics of the RS S-RM can be predicted solely based on the PSD and σ 3.

red stratum soil-rock mixture  /  large scale triaxial test  /  relative dominance ratio  /  confining pressure  /  stiffness characteristics
武琨璐, 夏冕, 何卓岭. 不同粒度分布下红层土石混合体刚度形成机理. 科技和产业, 2025 , 25 (13) : 64 -71 .
Kunlu WU, Mian XIA, Zhuoling HE. Formation Mechanism of Stiffness in Red Bed Soil-rock Mixtures under Different Particle Size Distributions[J]. Science Technology and Industry, 2025 , 25 (13) : 64 -71 .
红层土石混合体填料填筑的路基易发生沉陷、开裂、垮塌等病害[1]。红层土石混合体被大量用于四川盆地新建高速公路路基填筑。现有红层土石混合体的研究考虑了块石形状、干湿循环作用和粒度分布(particle size distribution,PSD)[2-8],但多关注于其强度和颗粒破碎。但近年来四川盆地穿越红层的高速公路的病害仍时有发生,这是因为红层土石混合体变形特性的研究尚不深入。
Wu等[9]开发了适用于定义粗骨料连续级配的单参数级配方程以量化PSD。Chang和Deng[10]提出了可以表征连续级配颗粒材料中承载骨架PSD的有效支配骨架尺寸( d e d)。在连续级配的粗粒材料中,载荷是由多种尺寸的颗粒承载的,并在接触力传递中起到重要作用。而 d e d可用于表征骨架颗粒的整体尺寸水平。当 d e d的值较大时,颗粒骨架主要由粗颗粒组成。Xie等[11-12]证明了 d e d与颗粒间力传递有明显的相关性,并且与连续级配粗粒土的抗剪强度存在一定的定量关系。这些研究表明 d e d比传统表征粗粒土PSD的参数更具有物理意义。
本文利用数字图像处理技术获取红层土石混合体的 d e d,提出相对支配比( D d)以量化红层土石混合体的试验前后骨架变化,以初始变形模量(E0)和试样破坏时轴应变 ε 1 = 15 %的切线变形模量(Et)作为红层土石混合体的刚度指标,探究红层土石混合体刚度对围压( σ 3)和PSD的响应。研究成果可为红层土石混填路基结构劣化问题的解决提供新的思路和方法。
研究区位于四川省乐山市,该区域南西高、北东低,最高海拔可达4 288 m,取样位置为乐西高速马边至昭觉段深挖路堑(N28°50',E103°30'),如图1(a)所示。研究区位于四川省乐山市,取样位置为乐西高速马边至昭觉段深挖路堑,揭露地层为新生界第四系全新统坡残积层( Q 4 d l + e l)及中生界中侏罗统沙溪庙组(J2s),取样位置如图1(b)所示。
Q 4 d L + e l主要为黄棕色黏土,局部夹少量粉砂质泥岩角砾,J2s主要为棕红色中风化粉砂质泥岩,其物理力学指标见表1。以粉砂质泥岩和粉质黏土组成红层土石混合体为试验材料,试验材料如图1(c)所示。采样时使用干燥、干净、无毛刺的钢质锤子和凿子,采集后的样品存放在干燥、通风、阴凉的地方。
试验设备采用GSZ501型粗粒土大型高压三轴试验机,试样尺寸选取ϕ300 mm×600 mm。试样制备过程中,通过控制试样的压实干密度进行制样。首先对于不同细粒含量( f c)的试样,根据试样的总体积、所设定的 f c以及粗粒和细粒的压实密度,分别求出所需粗粒和细粒的质量,然后将准备好的粗粒和细粒平均分成4份,采用分层压实的方法在圆筒中分4层进行制样,每一层厚度约150 mm,前一层试样压制完毕后再压制下一层,在压制下一层之前,先用刻刀将上一层压制好的试样表面弄松散,以尽量避免分层压实中层面所导致的各向异性,保证试样的均匀性,此外,通过数字图像技术区分土石边界,扫描中间3层填筑表面的孔隙边填充边扫描,试验步骤如图2所示。
在由n种尺寸为 d i(i=1,2,…,n)的颗粒组成的密集颗粒填充中, d e d与孔隙比有关,如式(1)~式(3)所示。
e ( d e d ) = i = 1 n [ e i - a i ( d e d ) ( 1 + e i ) - b i ( d e d ) e i ] y i
a i ( d e d ) = 1 - d i d e d p , d e d > d i 0 , d e d d i
b i ( d e d ) = 1 - d i d e d s , d e d < d i 0 , d e d d i
式中: e i为第i类颗粒的最小孔隙比; y i为第i类颗粒的体积分数,假设尺寸小于 d e d( d i < d e d)的颗粒没有作为骨架承受荷载而只是混合在土石混合体中; a i为填充系数,类似地,尺寸大于 d e d(di>ded)的颗粒作为骨架嵌入在土石混合体中, b i为嵌入系数;ps为材料参数。根据最小能耗原理, d e d的值可以根据式(1)的最优条件得到,如式(4)所示。
d e ( d e d ) d d e d = 0
式中: d e ddips决定。
至于ps的计算,根据一组经典的砂土孔隙比与 f c关系的试验数据[11-12]。当 f c→0时,拟合曲线的斜率表示为 M 1;当 f c→1时,拟合曲线的斜率表示为 M 2。根据试验结果, M 1 M 2如式(5)和式(6)所示。
M 1 = Δ e Δ f c , f c 0
M 2 = Δ e Δ f c , f c 1
在这个模型中, M 1 M 2如式(7)和式(8)所示。
M 1 = Δ e Δ f c = e 2 - e 1 - 1 - d 2 d 1 p ( 1 + e 2 )
M 2 = Δ e Δ f c = e 2 - e 1 + 1 - d 2 d 1 s e 1
然后,ps可通过 M 1 M 2的斜率获得,如式(9)和式(10)所示。
p = l n [ ( e 2 - e 1 - M 1 ) / ( 1 + e 2 ) ] l n ( 1 - d 2 / d 1 )
s = l n { [ M 2 - ( e 2 - e 1 ) ] / e 1 } l n ( 1 - d 2 / d 1 )
f c设定4个水平,分别为0.5、0.4、0.3、0.2;同一 f c下设定5个不同 d e d(Ⅰ~Ⅴ),试验方案共计20个水平,这20种PSD红层土石混合体的级配曲线如图3所示。
d e d控制着红层土石混合体的PSD,取大型三轴试验前后分层装填的层面为扫描面,以上中下扫描面的平均 d e d作为该试样的 d e d,通过数字图像处理技术[7]获取扫描面的块石尺寸以及孔隙比。
假定红层土石混合体各粒级的颗粒具有相同的密度,借助MATLAB由式(1)~式(10)得到20种PSD的红层土石混合体的 d e d。红层土石混合体在试验后PSD会发生变化,为描述土石混合体试验前后有效支配骨架的变化,定义了相对支配比( D d),计算公式为
D d = d - e d d e d
式中: D d为红层土石混合体的相对支配比; d - e d为试验后红层土石混合体的有效支配骨架尺寸。结合试验测得的轴应变 ε 1和偏应力 ( σ 1 - σ 3 )等数据,通过邓肯-张(Duncan-Chang)双曲线模型[13]对红层土石混合体的 E 0 E t等参数进行分析,进而寻求其刚度特征规律。
图4所示, f c对偏应力-轴应变曲线的影响较大。随着 f c的减少,土石骨架从悬浮-密实结构转变为骨架-密实结构,最后变为骨架-空隙结构,其力学性质发生明显变化[14-15]。随着 σ 3的增加,试样的偏应力随之增加,但偏应力没有出现明显的峰值点。
f c相同并且 σ 3相同的情况下,不同 d e d的试样的偏应力-轴应变曲线相差不大,整体比较接近,在细节方面略有差异,当轴应变达到15%时最大最小偏应力相差约100 kPa,不如 σ 3对偏应力增长影响显著。
红层土石混合体的偏应力随着轴应变的增加而不断增大的原因在于土石颗粒之间的剪应力逐渐增长。对于土石混合体而言,其黏聚力通常较小。若忽略黏聚力的作用,则剪应力主要由土石颗粒间的摩擦作用决定。摩擦作用又由颗粒间的滑动摩擦和咬合摩擦两部分组成。
在剪切前,由于制样时的夯实,土石颗粒之间就存在一定的咬合力,形成了一个较为致密的整体。要破坏这种初始的咬合作用,需要施加更大的偏应力。当轴应变较小时,外力不足以克服颗粒间的初始咬合力,此时试样的结构为悬浮-密实结构[图5(a)],偏应力与轴应变之间近似呈线性关系,偏应力迅速增加。
随着轴应变的逐渐增大,在偏应力-轴应变曲线中,此阶段呈现非线性,偏应力增长变缓。在这一阶段,剪切面附近的部分颗粒仍保持初始咬合状态,而另一部分颗粒则会被剪断、滑移或绕过初始咬合位置进行翻滚,剪切面开始形成并发展,土石骨架转变为骨架-密实结构[图5(b)]。
当轴应变持续增大直至破坏,块石支配尺寸发生变化,剪切面附近的更多颗粒从初始咬合状态转变为翻滚、滑移或剪断状态,剪切面进一步延长和扩大。摩擦作用从初始咬合力逐渐转化为滑动摩擦,此时偏应力的增长进一步减缓。剪切面逐渐贯通,偏应力不再增加,试样转变为骨架-空隙结构[图5(c)]。
初始变形模量( E 0)体现了材料受剪的初始阶段抵抗变形的能力,如式(12)和图6所示,红层土石混合体的 E 0基本随着 σ 3的增大而增大。但 σ 3对红层土石混合体的影响较小, E 0随着 σ 3的升高而缓慢上升。
E 0 = 14.50 + ( 1 + 36.33 σ 3 0.1 ) e 1.06 D d, R=0.86
然而, D d对红层土石混合体的影响较大,随着 D d的提高,红层土石混合体的 E 0呈现指数型增长。这是因为,红层土石混合体所承受的外力主要靠颗粒之间的接触点和接触面传递。颗粒之间的接触点和接触面决定着红层土石混合体的孔隙结构,影响其变形特性。
随着三轴剪切的进行,颗粒之间会发生重新排列和变形,从而导致有效支配骨架的变化。具体而言,剪切会导致原本存在的接触点断裂或错位,一部分接触面变得无效,同时新的接触点和接触面也会形成。因此,红层土石混合体的有效支配骨架尺寸会发生变化,孔隙结构也会发生调整,红层土石混合体的受力骨架亦随之发生变化。这种潜在的骨架尺寸变化对红层土石混合体的影响更大。
切线变形模量 E t反映材料受到持续剪切作用时抵抗变形的能力,由式(13)可以看出, E t是关于 σ 1 - σ 3的函数,当 σ 1 - σ 3发生变化时, E t相应发生改变。作 E t ~ ε 1曲线,可反映出剪切过程中 E t的变化规律。如图7所示,不同围压下随着 ε 1的增加,不同PSD的红层土石混合体的 E t逐渐减小并在试样破坏时 ε 1 = 15 %趋近于一个水平,这表明随着变形的增大,红层土石混合体的刚度逐渐减小。但是随着 σ 3的提高,不同PSD的红层土石混合体破坏时 E t也逐渐提高,红层土石混合体破坏时 E t受PSD的影响较小。
为了定量分析 E t对红层土石混合体的 D d σ 3的响应关系,对试样破坏时 ε 1 = 15 %处的 E t展开分析。如图8所示, D d对红层土石混合体 ε 1 = 15 %处的 E t影响比较小,随着 D d的变化, ε 1 = 15 %处的 E t基本维持不变;而 σ 3的大小对 ε 1 = 15 %处的 E t的影响较大。这是因为随着大型三轴试验的进行,红层土石混合体颗粒破碎显著,直至达到 ε 1 = 15 %时,颗粒间的骨架基本被破坏,因此, D d对红层土石混合体破坏时的 E t影响较小。而增大的 σ 3会增加颗粒间的接触力,使得颗粒之间的相互作用增强。这种增强的相互作用力可以增加红层土石混合体的 E t
E t = - 6.06 + ( 1 + 0.08 σ 3 ) e - 0.09 D d, R=0.93
另取一组红层土石混合体通过大型三轴试验验证式(12)和式(13)的适用性。 σ 3取5个水平(100、200、300 、400、500 kPa)。试验前的 d e d为15.31 mm,不同 σ 3 D d分别为1.10、0.99、1.02、1.34和1.32。并考虑了易梅辉[16]关于红砂岩路基填料4种粒度分布的研究数据。
图9可知,验证性试验结果可较好地拟合本文所提 E 0 E t D d σ 3。经过计算,验证性试验的 E 0 D d σ 3关于式(12)的R为0.81;验证性试验试样破坏时 ε 1 = 15 %处的 E t D d σ 3关于式(13)的R为0.91。
当预测某红层土石混合体刚度特性时,仅需要通过数字图像技术得到其孔隙比等指标,然后进行大型三轴试验得到 D d,即可预测其刚度特性。也就是说,在实际工程中红层土石混合体具有多种PSD时,仅需要进行几组大型三轴试验,便可预测不同PSD红层土石混合体的变形特性。
拟定了20组粒度分布的红层土石混合体大型三轴试验,借助数字图像处理技术计算出了相对支配比,补充验证性试验并借助相关研究验证了结果,揭示了红层土石混合体刚度形成机制,得到以下结论。
(1)红层土石混合体的强度与刚度主要来源于滑动摩擦和咬合摩擦两部分,随着轴应变继续增大,剪切面附近越来越多的颗粒从初始咬合状态转变为滑动摩擦,土石骨架从悬浮-密实结构转变为骨架-密实结构,最后变为骨架-空隙结构。
(2)初始变形模量与相对支配比之间关系可采用指数函数的形式表达,以及初始变形模量与围压呈非线性相关关系,据此给出了初始变形模量关于围压和相对支配比的表达式。
(3)红层土石混合体破坏时 ε 1 = 15 %处切线变形模量对围压的响应更强烈,以及切线变形模量与相对支配比呈负指数关系的关系,据此给出了切线变形模量关于围压和相对支配比的表达式。
(4)验证试验和相关研究表明,本文提出的红层土石混合体刚度响应行为具有较大的理论价值,且研究成果可预测不同粒度分布和围压下红层土石混合体的刚度特性,能为红层土石混填路基结构劣化问题的解决提供新思路和方法。
  • 四川省交通运输科技项目(2021-A-02)
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  • 接收时间:2024-11-16
  • 首发时间:2025-12-17
  • 出版时间:2025-07-10
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  • 收稿日期:2024-11-16
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四川省交通运输科技项目(2021-A-02)
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    1 四川省公路规划勘察设计研究院有限公司, 成都 610041
    2 西南交通大学土木工程学院, 成都 610031

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夏冕(1989—),男,四川成都人,硕士,工程师,研究方向为路基工程
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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