Article(id=1208054448354595034, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, issueId=1208054446576215005, articleNumber=1671-1807(2025)13-0072-07, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1736697600000, receivedDateStr=2025-01-13, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1765952225054, onlineDateStr=2025-12-17, pubDate=1752076800000, pubDateStr=2025-07-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1765952225054, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-17, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1765952225054, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1765952225054, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1208054446576215005, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, year='2025', volume='25', issue='13', pageStart='1', pageEnd='310', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1765952224630, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1765952288340, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1208054713870815567, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, issueId=1208054446576215005, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1208054713870815568, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, issueId=1208054446576215005, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=72, endPage=78, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1208054448807579872, articleId=1208054448354595034, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, language=EN, title=Continuous-discontinuous Simulation Analysis of Bedding Slope Considering Saturated Softening Characteristics of Weak Interlayer: Taking a Slope of G5 Beijing-Kunming Highway as an Example, columnId=1151876674645226399, journalTitle=Science Technology and Industry, columnName=Technology Innovation, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Bedding slope is an easy-to-slide structure often encountered in mountain highway construction, and weak interlayer is a typical potential sliding surface. Taking the bedding slope of expansion project of Guangyuan-Mianyang section of G5 Beijing-Kunming highway as an example, the physical and mechanical parameters of the weak interlayer and the water content and strength parameters under different saturation time were obtained through laboratory tests. The continuous-discontinuous numerical simulation was carried out by using the finite element-smooth particle dynamics method to study the instability evolution and failure mode of the bedding slope. The results show that with the saturation softening of the weak interlayer, the water content increases and the strength decreases, and the plastic zone of the bedding slope continues to extend to the trailing edge of the slope. When the water content is higher than the liquid limit of the weak interlayer, the plastic zone range increases sharply to the first instability length, and the slope shows traction slip-crack failure. The horizontal displacement of the bedding slope has a displacement peak point at the foot of the slope at the slope line slope position, and there is a maximum displacement at the first-level slope platform ; with the increase of the water content of the weak interlayer, the horizontal displacement of the slope increases continuously, and the maximum point of the horizontal displacement appears after 1 h of saturation and begins to undergo large-scale instability deformation.

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顺层边坡是山区公路建设中常遭遇的易滑坡体结构,软弱夹层是典型潜在滑面。以G5京昆高速广元至绵阳段扩容工程某顺层边坡为例,通过室内试验获取软弱夹层物理力学参数及不同饱水时长下的含水率、强度参数。利用有限元-光滑粒子动力学计算方法进行连续-非连续数值模拟,研究顺层边坡的失稳演化及破坏模式。结果表明:随软弱夹层的饱水软化,其含水率增大、强度降低,顺层边坡的塑性区不断向坡体后缘延伸,当含水率高于软弱夹层液限时,塑性区范围骤增至首次失稳长度,边坡呈牵引式滑移-拉裂破坏;顺层边坡水平位移在坡面线边坡位置的坡脚处有位移峰值点,且一级边坡平台处有位移最大值;随软弱夹层含水率的增大,边坡水平位移不断增长,饱水1 h后水平位移最大值点出现且开始发生大规模失稳变形。

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
杨凯(1991—),男,陕西咸阳人,工程师,研究方向为道路工程施工
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李良熹(1983—),男,四川苍溪人,高级工程师,研究方向为道路工程施工;

龚臻(1979—),男,四川成都人,硕士,正高级工程师,研究方向为道路桥梁工程勘查设计;

郭辉(1985—),男,四川成都人,高级工程师,研究方向为道路桥梁工程勘查设计;

冯君(1977—),男,四川渠县人,博士,副教授,硕士研究生导师,研究方向为岩土力学;

张昱飞(2000—),男,江苏南京人,硕士研究生,研究方向为岩土工程;

程亚飞(1986—),男,四川仪陇人,高级工程师,研究方向为路基桥梁施工。

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李良熹(1983—),男,四川苍溪人,高级工程师,研究方向为道路工程施工;

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李良熹(1983—),男,四川苍溪人,高级工程师,研究方向为道路工程施工;

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龚臻(1979—),男,四川成都人,硕士,正高级工程师,研究方向为道路桥梁工程勘查设计;

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龚臻(1979—),男,四川成都人,硕士,正高级工程师,研究方向为道路桥梁工程勘查设计;

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郭辉(1985—),男,四川成都人,高级工程师,研究方向为道路桥梁工程勘查设计;

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郭辉(1985—),男,四川成都人,高级工程师,研究方向为道路桥梁工程勘查设计;

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冯君(1977—),男,四川渠县人,博士,副教授,硕士研究生导师,研究方向为岩土力学;

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张昱飞(2000—),男,江苏南京人,硕士研究生,研究方向为岩土工程;

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张昱飞(2000—),男,江苏南京人,硕士研究生,研究方向为岩土工程;

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程亚飞(1986—),男,四川仪陇人,高级工程师,研究方向为路基桥梁施工。

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程亚飞(1986—),男,四川仪陇人,高级工程师,研究方向为路基桥梁施工。

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天然含
水率
w0/%
密度ρ/
(g·cm-3)
干密度ρd/
(g·cm-3)
比重
Gs
液限
wL/%
塑限
wP/%
饱和度
Sr/%
14.70 1.82 1.54 2.75 34.70 18.50 55.10
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软弱夹层基本物理指标

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天然含
水率
w0/%
密度ρ/
(g·cm-3)
干密度ρd/
(g·cm-3)
比重
Gs
液限
wL/%
塑限
wP/%
饱和度
Sr/%
14.70 1.82 1.54 2.75 34.70 18.50 55.10
), ArticleFig(id=1208459469948830253, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, articleId=1208054448354595034, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
材料 重度γ/
(kN·
m-3)
含水率
w/%
弹性模
E/
MPa
泊松
μ
黏聚力
c/kPa
内摩擦
φ/
(°)
边坡主体 24 12.8 800.00 0.25 40.00 20.00
不同饱
水时长
t
的软弱
夹层
0 h 20 14.7 20.00 0.30 64.40 14.86
0.5 h 20 16.8 19.85 0.30 50.10 13.56
0.75 h 20 20.1 19.70 0.30 42.75 12.28
1 h 20 26.4 19.56 0.30 35.35 9.47
7 h 20 29.7 19.42 0.30 32.05 10.02
12 h 20 36.4 19.28 0.30 30.85 7.78
24 h 20 40.3 19.14 0.30 21.13 7.57
72 h 20 40.9 19.00 0.30 11.55 6.09
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岩土体物理力学参数

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材料 重度γ/
(kN·
m-3)
含水率
w/%
弹性模
E/
MPa
泊松
μ
黏聚力
c/kPa
内摩擦
φ/
(°)
边坡主体 24 12.8 800.00 0.25 40.00 20.00
不同饱
水时长
t
的软弱
夹层
0 h 20 14.7 20.00 0.30 64.40 14.86
0.5 h 20 16.8 19.85 0.30 50.10 13.56
0.75 h 20 20.1 19.70 0.30 42.75 12.28
1 h 20 26.4 19.56 0.30 35.35 9.47
7 h 20 29.7 19.42 0.30 32.05 10.02
12 h 20 36.4 19.28 0.30 30.85 7.78
24 h 20 40.3 19.14 0.30 21.13 7.57
72 h 20 40.9 19.00 0.30 11.55 6.09
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材料 抗剪强度参数
β/(°) k σ c 0/kPa
边坡主体 37.67 0.79 114.25
不同饱水
时长t下的
软弱夹层
0 h 29.29 0.84 167.43
0.5 h 26.96 0.86 127.24
0.75 h 24.60 0.87 106.11
1 h 20.27 0.89 83.47
7 h 19.20 0.90 76.42
12 h 15.83 0.91 70.70
24 h 15.41 0.92 48.25
72 h 12.41 0.93 25.70
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DP模型计算强度参数

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材料 抗剪强度参数
β/(°) k σ c 0/kPa
边坡主体 37.67 0.79 114.25
不同饱水
时长t下的
软弱夹层
0 h 29.29 0.84 167.43
0.5 h 26.96 0.86 127.24
0.75 h 24.60 0.87 106.11
1 h 20.27 0.89 83.47
7 h 19.20 0.90 76.42
12 h 15.83 0.91 70.70
24 h 15.41 0.92 48.25
72 h 12.41 0.93 25.70
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距坡脚距
离/m
水平位移/m
w=14.7 w=16.8 w=20.1 w=26.4 w=29.7 w=36.4 w=40.3 w=40.9
0 0.48 1.54 2.85 0.10 54.87 109.84 164.81 219.78
16.8 0.35 1.29 2.50 40.12 124.21 208.29 292.33 376.21
70.0 0.17 0.98 1.96 19.17 68.15 117.11 166.12 215.19
129.4 0.14 0.85 1.59 21.52 75.76 77.37 78.87 80.00
158.2 0.13 0.76 1.31 9.77 82.69 84.45 86.09 87.39
238.7 0.10 0.49 0.78 1.16 84.86 104.38 123.93 143.47
378.7 0.03 0.07 0.09 0.12 0.70 1.22 1.68 2.31
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不同含水率下边坡水平位移分布特征

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距坡脚距
离/m
水平位移/m
w=14.7 w=16.8 w=20.1 w=26.4 w=29.7 w=36.4 w=40.3 w=40.9
0 0.48 1.54 2.85 0.10 54.87 109.84 164.81 219.78
16.8 0.35 1.29 2.50 40.12 124.21 208.29 292.33 376.21
70.0 0.17 0.98 1.96 19.17 68.15 117.11 166.12 215.19
129.4 0.14 0.85 1.59 21.52 75.76 77.37 78.87 80.00
158.2 0.13 0.76 1.31 9.77 82.69 84.45 86.09 87.39
238.7 0.10 0.49 0.78 1.16 84.86 104.38 123.93 143.47
378.7 0.03 0.07 0.09 0.12 0.70 1.22 1.68 2.31
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考虑软弱夹层饱水软化特性的顺层边坡连续-非连续模拟分析——以G5京昆高速某边坡为例
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李良熹 1 , 龚臻 2 , 杨凯 1 , 郭辉 2 , 冯君 3 , 张昱飞 3 , 程亚飞 1
科技和产业 | 科技创新 2025,25(13): 72-78
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科技和产业 | 科技创新 2025, 25(13): 72-78
考虑软弱夹层饱水软化特性的顺层边坡连续-非连续模拟分析——以G5京昆高速某边坡为例
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李良熹1, 龚臻2, 杨凯1, 郭辉2, 冯君3, 张昱飞3, 程亚飞1
作者信息
  • 1 中铁五局集团成都工程有限责任公司, 成都 610000
  • 2 四川省公路规划勘察设计研究院有限公司, 成都 610041
  • 3 西南交通大学土木工程学院, 成都 610031
  • 李良熹(1983—),男,四川苍溪人,高级工程师,研究方向为道路工程施工;

    龚臻(1979—),男,四川成都人,硕士,正高级工程师,研究方向为道路桥梁工程勘查设计;

    郭辉(1985—),男,四川成都人,高级工程师,研究方向为道路桥梁工程勘查设计;

    冯君(1977—),男,四川渠县人,博士,副教授,硕士研究生导师,研究方向为岩土力学;

    张昱飞(2000—),男,江苏南京人,硕士研究生,研究方向为岩土工程;

    程亚飞(1986—),男,四川仪陇人,高级工程师,研究方向为路基桥梁施工。

通讯作者:

杨凯(1991—),男,陕西咸阳人,工程师,研究方向为道路工程施工
Continuous-discontinuous Simulation Analysis of Bedding Slope Considering Saturated Softening Characteristics of Weak Interlayer: Taking a Slope of G5 Beijing-Kunming Highway as an Example
Liangxi LI1, Zhen GONG2, Kai YANG1, Hui GUO2, Jun FENG3, Yufei ZHANG3, Yafei CHENG1
Affiliations
  • 1 Chengdu Engineering Co., Ltd., China Railway Fifth Bureau Group, Chengdu 610000, China
  • 2 Sichuan Highway Planning, Survey, Design and Research Institute LTD, Chengdu 610041, China
  • 3 School of Civil Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
出版时间: 2025-07-10
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顺层边坡是山区公路建设中常遭遇的易滑坡体结构,软弱夹层是典型潜在滑面。以G5京昆高速广元至绵阳段扩容工程某顺层边坡为例,通过室内试验获取软弱夹层物理力学参数及不同饱水时长下的含水率、强度参数。利用有限元-光滑粒子动力学计算方法进行连续-非连续数值模拟,研究顺层边坡的失稳演化及破坏模式。结果表明:随软弱夹层的饱水软化,其含水率增大、强度降低,顺层边坡的塑性区不断向坡体后缘延伸,当含水率高于软弱夹层液限时,塑性区范围骤增至首次失稳长度,边坡呈牵引式滑移-拉裂破坏;顺层边坡水平位移在坡面线边坡位置的坡脚处有位移峰值点,且一级边坡平台处有位移最大值;随软弱夹层含水率的增大,边坡水平位移不断增长,饱水1 h后水平位移最大值点出现且开始发生大规模失稳变形。

公路  /  顺层边坡  /  软弱夹层  /  有限元-光滑粒子动力学  /  连续-非连续  /  失稳变形

Bedding slope is an easy-to-slide structure often encountered in mountain highway construction, and weak interlayer is a typical potential sliding surface. Taking the bedding slope of expansion project of Guangyuan-Mianyang section of G5 Beijing-Kunming highway as an example, the physical and mechanical parameters of the weak interlayer and the water content and strength parameters under different saturation time were obtained through laboratory tests. The continuous-discontinuous numerical simulation was carried out by using the finite element-smooth particle dynamics method to study the instability evolution and failure mode of the bedding slope. The results show that with the saturation softening of the weak interlayer, the water content increases and the strength decreases, and the plastic zone of the bedding slope continues to extend to the trailing edge of the slope. When the water content is higher than the liquid limit of the weak interlayer, the plastic zone range increases sharply to the first instability length, and the slope shows traction slip-crack failure. The horizontal displacement of the bedding slope has a displacement peak point at the foot of the slope at the slope line slope position, and there is a maximum displacement at the first-level slope platform ; with the increase of the water content of the weak interlayer, the horizontal displacement of the slope increases continuously, and the maximum point of the horizontal displacement appears after 1 h of saturation and begins to undergo large-scale instability deformation.

highway  /  bedding slope  /  weak interlayer  /  finite element method-smoothed particle hydrodynamics  /  continuous-discontinuous  /  instability deformation
李良熹, 龚臻, 杨凯, 郭辉, 冯君, 张昱飞, 程亚飞. 考虑软弱夹层饱水软化特性的顺层边坡连续-非连续模拟分析——以G5京昆高速某边坡为例. 科技和产业, 2025 , 25 (13) : 72 -78 .
Liangxi LI, Zhen GONG, Kai YANG, Hui GUO, Jun FENG, Yufei ZHANG, Yafei CHENG. Continuous-discontinuous Simulation Analysis of Bedding Slope Considering Saturated Softening Characteristics of Weak Interlayer: Taking a Slope of G5 Beijing-Kunming Highway as an Example[J]. Science Technology and Industry, 2025 , 25 (13) : 72 -78 .
顺层边坡指边坡走向与岩层近于平行,岩层倾向与坡向交角不超过30°,坡角大于岩层倾角的层状结构边坡[1-4]。受构造、岩性、地壳抬升等因素影响,顺层边坡广泛分布,坡内岩体层间结合差,在自重等荷载作用下常沿不利界面发生顺层滑移破坏,失稳风险高,破坏严重,治理成本高[5-8]
坡脚开挖是含软弱夹层顺层边坡失稳滑动的突出诱因。软硬相间顺层边坡中往往存在多个薄层状挤压破碎带,在地下水长期作用下逐渐形成软弱夹层[9]。对于含软弱夹层的顺层边坡,在构造裂隙与软弱层面耦合作用下,常发生缓慢、持续、渐进的蠕变变形,且不同部位的变形程度存在差异[10-11]。工程建设开挖揭露某一软弱夹层后,其上覆岩土体在重力作用下易于滑动,且进一步开挖后揭露下一层软弱夹层时往往会再次发生滑动,形成多层式顺层滑坡[6]。胡斌等[11]以某公路软硬互层边坡为例,基于开挖卸荷理论,采用FLAC3D软件进行数值模拟研究,结果表明最大不平衡力、最大水平位移值、剪应变最大值随开挖步数的增加累积增大。唐红梅等[12]认为边坡位移对开挖过程反映比较敏感,量值突增现象显著。马洪生等[13]研究了开挖面陡倾程度对松弛区范围的影响,认为开挖松弛范围随开挖角度的增大而增大。穆成林等[14]认为陡坡度开挖下边坡变形破坏规模大,稳定性较差,滑坡深层由层间泥化夹层剪切以及陡倾裂隙组合形成阶梯状滑面,整体以滑移-拉裂深层失稳为主。苏培东等[15]考虑软弱夹层的应变软化特性,认为含软弱夹层顺层边坡的渐进破坏为自坡脚沿软弱夹层延伸至坡顶,并在坡顶产生拉张破坏。顺层边坡存在首次失稳长度,应力、位移、塑性区等数值计算后处理结果可有效确定这一范围[16-18]
值得注意的是,顺层岩质边坡在坡脚开挖后多发生沿滑面的牵引式平面滑动破坏,这一过程具有显著的渐进演化规律[19-20]。王学滨等[21]通过连续-非连续方法模拟分析了砂泥岩互层叠梁开裂过程。侯慧珍等[22]采用连续-非连续方法研究了复合土体中预应力锚杆的受荷特性和最佳锚固角度。
上述研究表明,开挖诱发顺层边坡的牵引式滑移破坏具有典型渐进破坏特征,其首次破裂长度是工程防治的重要参数。连续-非连续模拟方法是研究边坡工程问题的有效研究手段。
基于此,本文以G5京昆高速广元至绵阳段扩容工程某顺层边坡为工程案例,通过室内试验获取边坡岩土体软弱夹层的物理力学参数,结合不同饱水市场下软弱夹层的强度参数,建立假三维数值模型,赋存软弱夹层DP(Drucker-Prager)塑性本构模型,采用有限元-光滑粒子动力学模拟顺层边坡的连续-非连续变形失稳过程,期望获得边坡灾变过程及位移分布特征。研究成果可供顺层岩质边坡牵引式滑动破坏的防灾减灾工程参照。
G5京昆高速广元至绵阳段扩容工程某高顺层边坡坡长约1 000 m,横向宽约300 m,坡向290°~300°,坡度较缓为10°~20°,总体较顺直,局部发育陡坎,边坡中部发育2处凸出山脊,山脊分别宽30~60、70~100 m,山脊上植被茂密,以竹林为主,局部基岩出露,大部为覆盖层。山脊中间发育“U”形冲沟,走向约300°,长约270 m,深10~18 m,宽40~60 m。
边坡工程地质剖面如图1所示,前缘覆盖第四系全新统滑坡堆积层块石土,下伏中生界侏罗系中统沙溪庙组粉砂质泥岩夹砂岩,岩层产状265°~275°∠12°~14°,发育2组近正交节理:L1产状12°~27°∠68°~85°,局部节理倒转,其延伸一般>20 m,切深一般>10 m,面较平,间距2~10 m,一般闭合~微张,近地表充填少量黏土,结合一般-差;L2产状99°~120°∠62°~85°,延伸5~10 m,切深3~8 m,面较平,间距0.5~2 m,一般闭合,近地表充填有少量黏土,结合一般-差。边坡潜在滑面沿层面发育,以边坡开挖坡脚为剪出口。
据之,结合软弱夹层保水软化特性分析,通过有限元(finite element method,FEM)和光滑粒子动力学(smoothed particle hydrodynamics,SPH)耦合方法开展顺层边坡的连续-非连续模拟分析,研究顺层边坡的失稳演化及破坏模式,以期为西南山区公路顺层边坡工程治理提供参照。
针对图1所示顺层边坡建立三维模型,如图2所示。模型中垂直于道路走向方向长472.4 m(x向),顺道路走向方向宽20.0 m(z向),高约134.5 m(y向),以消除边界条件对结果的不利影响;软弱滑带厚度取为1.0 m,滑面倾角取为54°,以放大软弱夹层控滑作用来进行模拟计算。
采用C3D8R六面体单元划分网格,如图3所示。C3D8R六面体单元相较于C3D4四面体单元具有更精确、计算效率更高的优点,共划分51 651个节点,41 382个六面体单元,计算总时长为240 s,其中在第5 s结束时完成开挖,FEM自适应转化为SPH粒子的阈值条件设为剪切塑性应变PE=0.11。
在边坡开挖发生变形破坏之前,边坡岩体处于应力平衡状态,该状态视为本次计算的初始应力状态。边坡岩体中的构造应力在漫长的历史年代中早已释放殆尽,故初始应力场不考虑构造应力,也不考虑温度应力,仅考虑自重应力场。边界条件为:模型周边4个面采用法向约束,底部采用3向固定约束,顶面自由。
顺层边坡多沿层面发生平面滑动破坏,潜在滑面的强度特征决定了边坡的稳定状态[6]。软弱夹层受构造挤压、岩层错动等作用形成,是顺层边坡中的典型潜在滑面,受水-岩/土相互作用影响明显,尤其是层面饱水后强度具有显著的劣化特征[18]。考虑软弱夹层饱水软化特性的顺层边坡失稳演化和破坏模式分析研究是符合工程实际且具有重要参考价值的。
数值模型中存在4个部件:开挖部分部件、滑体部分部件、滑带部分部件、滑床部分部件。4个部件相互间接触关系如图4所示,摩擦系数f的计算方法采用直线破裂面法。
f = T ' T = W c o s α t a n φ + c L W s i n α
式中:T'为滑体抗滑力;T为滑体下滑力;α为滑面倾角;φ为岩体内摩擦角;c为岩体的黏聚力;L为滑带长度;W为滑体重力。
计算中每30 s对软弱夹层土体强度进行一次折减,以模拟土体饱水软化。其中,将边坡岩体概化成两类材料,一是边坡主体,包括开挖部分、滑体部分、滑床部分,岩性为砂泥岩互层;二是软弱夹层带土体,主要为粉质黏土。取边坡软弱夹层土样测得其基本物理指标,见表1
通过室内三轴试验,饱水时长t取0、0.5、0.75、1、7、12、24、72 h共8个水平,获取其基本力学参数;同时,结合地勘区域工程地质特征,确定边坡岩土体力学参数,见表2
本文采用FEM-SPH方法模拟顺层边坡的连续-非连续失稳破坏,岩土材料赋存DP塑性本构模型。需要说明的是,DP模型是在MC(Mohr-Coulomb)本构模型基础上形成的,适用于描述岩土材料的塑性行为,但计算所需参数并不相同。三维模拟中MC模型与DP模型的参数转换关系如下
t a n β = 6 s i n φ 3 - s i n φ
k = 3 - s i n φ 3 + s i n φ
σ c 0 = 2 c c o s φ 1 - s i n φ
式中: β为摩擦角,(°);k为流动应力比; σ c 0为屈服应力,kPa。据之,转换表2cφ值为DP模型计算所需参数,见表3
据之,采用图3所示模型进行连续-非连续模拟计算。
为了研究开挖后软弱夹层饱水软化下边坡的失稳演化过程,采用FEM-SPH耦合分析方法进行计算,先开挖边坡,然后进行软弱夹层保水软化模拟。参考文献[23]从“强度-含水率-饱水时长”间相互关系考虑软弱夹层饱水软化对边坡稳定性影响的作用机理。因此,在实际计算时,将软弱夹层的抗剪强度参数进行折减,以此来近似模拟土体软化的作用。
t=0.75、1、12、72 h为例,不同饱水时长t下顺层边坡塑性应变如图5所示。可见,软弱夹层饱水软化导致顺层边坡的失稳主要体现在自坡脚开始发生屈服,t=0.75 h时在8.2 m范围内产生塑性剪切应变[图5(a)];随饱水时长的增大,塑性区沿潜在滑面向上延展,t=1 h时坡脚16.54 m范围内发生拉裂,其塑性应变增大,剪切带由剪切屈服发展到剪切破坏,有限元网格逐渐转化为SPH粒子[图5(b)];当t=12 h时,坡体从坡脚沿边坡迅速破坏,坡表产生大范围的滑移拉裂,最终于383.91 m附近停止大范围破坏[图5(c)];当t=72 h时,塑性区范围仅有轻微增长,达到387.22 m。
结合不同饱水时长下的软弱夹层含水率w可知,饱水时长t=12 h时,含水率w=36.4%>wL=34.7%,即软弱夹层已处于很湿、流塑状态,粉质黏土中的蒙脱石、伊利石等黏土矿物将发生显著的吸水膨胀效应,破坏颗粒间的链接键,故表2表3中强度参数明显降低,宏观表征为坡体塑性变形的骤增[图5(c)]。
图5(d)可见,随饱水时长t的进一步增大,顺层边坡塑性区范围并未出现无限制的延展;同时,图5(d)中右侧无明显塑性区,这说明边界条件并未限制塑性区的发展。
图6所示,从二维极限平衡分析的角度探讨该问题。顺层边坡稳定性系数计算公式为
F s = G c o s α t a n φ + c L G s i n α = γ h c o s α t a n φ + c γ h s i n α
式中:Fs为边坡稳定性系数;G为滑体重力,N;L为滑面长度,m;γ为滑体平均重度,kN/m3; α为岩层倾角,(°);h为滑体厚度,m。
显然,式(5)中Fs的计算值与坡长并不相关,即坡体结构和滑面力学参数一致时,顺层边坡具有自坡脚到坡顶贯通性整体滑移的隐患。然而,西南山区公路顺层边坡易滑、规模大、灾损严重,但统计表明多存在一首次失稳长度,而后发生渐进性失稳破坏。同时,塑性区范围是确定顺层边坡首次失稳范围的有效途径之一。
因此,结合图5(c)图5(d)可确定依托案例中顺层边坡的首次失稳长度可取387 m。
由3.1节分析可知,在开挖及软弱夹层饱水软化耦合作用下,边坡呈现牵引式滑移-拉裂破坏,数值模拟计算可得到二维极限平衡无法获取的顺层边坡首次失稳长度。
为量化分析依托工点的破坏模式,沿坡体的表面中部设置观测路径,并由下至上布置多个观测点,按顺序依次编号1、2、3等,测点布置如图7所示。计算结果中提取随w(cφ折减)变化时各测点的水平位移值,见表4。沿观测路径各测点水平位移与路径距离的关系曲线如图8所示。
根据表4图8,从边坡不同监测点处位移特征来看,边坡水平位移应呈现自坡脚往后缘递减的趋势,然而表4图8中在距坡脚16.8、158.2、238.7 m处均有位移峰值点。这是因为,该3处监测点均为边坡坡面线的边坡坡脚位置,整体滑移过程中的局部松散解体使得位移分布存在多处峰值点,且最大值位于坡脚附近的一级边坡平台顶部。
从不同w下边坡监测点处位移特征来看,边坡水平位移随含水率的增长而增大。当w=14.7%~20.1%时,顺层边坡各监测点处位移增长相对较缓,位移最大值位于坡脚位置;当w≥26.4%时,边坡位移最大值点沿层面向后缘迁移,监测点中距坡脚16.8 m处有最大值;w=29.7%时水平位移有骤增,这说明饱水时长t=1 h时水平位移最大值点出现且坡体开始大幅变形失稳,与文献[23]中所得软弱夹层强度显著劣化时域为饱水1 h的结论相一致。
结合图7可知,距坡脚16.8 m监测点位于一级边坡平台位置,含水率较高时顺层边坡发生失稳滑移。本文采用连续-非连续模拟,失稳后边坡有限元网格转化为SPH粒子,可模拟边坡解体,坡脚位置受前缘滑床在一级边坡平台处有优势剪出口,粒子水平位移最大,如图5(c)所示。
(1)结合室内试验结果,总结了MC本构模型与DP本构模型计算中的参数转换关系,以支撑连续-非连续模拟计算。
(2)软弱夹层饱水软化导致顺层边坡的失稳主要体现在自坡脚开始发生屈服;随饱水时长的增大,塑性区沿潜在滑面向上延展,剪切带由剪切屈服发展到剪切破坏;而后坡体从坡脚沿边坡迅速破坏,坡表产生大范围的滑移拉裂,最终于383.91 m附近停止大范围破坏。
(3)开挖及软弱夹层饱水软化耦合作用下,边坡呈现牵引式滑移-拉裂破坏,数值模拟计算可得到二维极限平衡无法获取的顺层边坡首次失稳长度,从塑性区范围确定边坡首次失稳长度为387 m。
(4)软弱夹层饱水至含水率大于液限时,处于很湿、流塑状态,粉质黏土中的蒙脱石、伊利石等黏土矿物将发生显著的吸水膨胀效应,破坏颗粒间的链接键,强度参数明显降低,宏观表征为坡体塑性变形的骤增。
  • 中铁五局集团成都工程有限责任公司科研项目(2024JHKJ10553)
  • 四川省交通运输科技项目(2021-A-02)
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2025年第25卷第13期
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  • 接收时间:2025-01-13
  • 首发时间:2025-12-17
  • 出版时间:2025-07-10
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  • 收稿日期:2025-01-13
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中铁五局集团成都工程有限责任公司科研项目(2024JHKJ10553)
四川省交通运输科技项目(2021-A-02)
作者信息
    1 中铁五局集团成都工程有限责任公司, 成都 610000
    2 四川省公路规划勘察设计研究院有限公司, 成都 610041
    3 西南交通大学土木工程学院, 成都 610031

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杨凯(1991—),男,陕西咸阳人,工程师,研究方向为道路工程施工
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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