Article(id=1208054447213749213, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, issueId=1208054446576215005, articleNumber=1671-1807(2025)13-0014-08, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1735833600000, receivedDateStr=2025-01-03, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1765952224782, onlineDateStr=2025-12-17, pubDate=1752076800000, pubDateStr=2025-07-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1765952224782, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-17, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1765952224782, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1765952224782, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1208054446576215005, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, year='2025', volume='25', issue='13', pageStart='1', pageEnd='310', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1765952224630, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1765952288340, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1208054713870815567, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, issueId=1208054446576215005, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1208054713870815568, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, issueId=1208054446576215005, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=14, endPage=21, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1208054447599625183, articleId=1208054447213749213, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, language=EN, title=Landslide Susceptibility Assessment Based on CF-Logistic Model in Xishan Mining Area of Shanxi Province, columnId=1151876674645226399, journalTitle=Science Technology and Industry, columnName=Technology Innovation, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Exploring the best method of regional landslide susceptibility assessment is of great importance for accomplishing regional hazard prevention and mitigation work.Taking Xishan mining area in Shanxi Province as the study area, nine assessment factors were selected including elevation, slope, aspect, relief, normalized vegetation index(NDVI), the engineering rock group, distance from faults, distance from roads, distance from drainages, the susceptibility of landslide hazard was evaluated and verified in certainty factor(CF) model, logistic regression model and CF-Logistic coupling model respectively, the location of landslide prone area in the study area is obtained, which provides reference for the prevention and control of geological disasters in this area.

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探索区域滑坡易发性评价的最优方式,对于做好区域防灾减灾工作具有重要意义。以山西省西山矿区作为研究范围,选取高程、坡度、坡向、起伏度、归一化植被指数(NDVI)、工程岩组、距断层距离、距道路距离、距水系距离9个影响因子,分别采用确定性系数(CF)模型,逻辑回归(Logistic)模型以及CF-Logistic耦合模型3种方法,对研究区滑坡易发性进行评价及结果验证,得到研究区内滑坡易发区域位置,为该区域地质灾害防治提供参考。

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梁宏艳(1996—),女,山西忻州人,硕士,助教,研究方向为地质灾害防治;

魏辉(1989—),男,宁夏石嘴山人,博士,副教授,研究方向为地下动力灾害防治;

李全中(1986—),男,河南周口人,博士,副教授,研究方向为煤层气开采;

张峰(1986—),男,安徽阜阳人,博士,副教授,研究方向为三下开采。

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梁宏艳(1996—),女,山西忻州人,硕士,助教,研究方向为地质灾害防治;

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魏辉(1989—),男,宁夏石嘴山人,博士,副教授,研究方向为地下动力灾害防治;

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李全中(1986—),男,河南周口人,博士,副教授,研究方向为煤层气开采;

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李全中(1986—),男,河南周口人,博士,副教授,研究方向为煤层气开采;

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张峰(1986—),男,安徽阜阳人,博士,副教授,研究方向为三下开采。

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指标因子 分级 灾害点/个 类别面积/
km2
CF
高程/m [739,984] 27 212.20 0.548 4
(984,1 182] 49 466.36 0.439 2
(1 182,1 358] 24 558.67 -0.318 2
(1 358,1 549] 11 398.63 -0.569 0
(1 549,2 179] 2 193.65 -0.841 5
坡度/(°) [0,7] 13 248.60 -0.161 9
(7,15] 33 493.17 0.081 9
(15,25] 47 782.34 -0.029 2
(25,35] 16 277.82 -0.071 8
>35 4 27.59 0.611 8
坡向 平面 0 9.53 -1.000 0
12 188.47 0.031 8
东北 13 240.75 -0.133 0
14 261.64 -0.141 3
东南 16 249.10 0.040 8
19 234.25 0.254 2
西南 22 239.19 0.350 1
西 10 216.01 -0.262 7
西北 7 190.58 -0.420 8
地形起伏度/m [0,24] 7 167.56 -0.337 8
(24,43] 25 405.78 -0.002 8
(43,58] 39 554.38 0.130 0
(58,74] 22 422.81 -0.166 3
(74,94] 12 216.25 -0.107 6
>94 8 62.73 0.549 6
NDVI [-0.51,0.19] 17 134.43 0.545 2
(0.19,0.35] 18 160.53 0.478 7
(0.35,0.49] 28 216.90 0.555 8
(0.49,0.62] 27 308.26 0.314 2
(0.62,0.74] 19 442.60 -0.318 7
(0.74,1] 4 565.83 -0.891 9
工程岩组 松散岩 43 762.46 -0.092 2
坚硬岩 10 309.78 -0.493 3
半坚硬岩 57 709.80 0.246 0
软岩 3 47.36 0.026 4
距断层距离/m [0,500] 31 441.40 0.128 4
(500,1 000] 22 335.59 0.061 6
(1 000,1 500] 23 249.33 0.352 1
(1 500,2 000] 10 186.33 -0.138 6
(2 000,2 500] 8 148.49 -0.135 1
>2 500 19 468.28 -0.357 7
路道路距离/m [0,500] 41 365.10 0.479 6
(500,1 000] 9 276.17 -0.488 3
(1 000,1 500] 9 228.93 -0.378 4
(1 500,2 000] 3 194.93 -0.762 6
(2 000,2 500] 3 152.97 -0.696 2
>2 500 48 611.31 0.227 4
距水系距离/m [0,200] 32 195.39 0.663 9
(200,400] 21 195.98 0.451 4
(400,600] 10 192.77 -0.168 9
(600,800] 8 181.49 -0.299 6
(800,1 000] 4 160.59 -0.612 0
>1 000 38 903.21 -0.332 9
), ArticleFig(id=1208459459362406452, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, articleId=1208054447213749213, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

影响因子分级及CF

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标因子 分级 灾害点/个 类别面积/
km2
CF
高程/m [739,984] 27 212.20 0.548 4
(984,1 182] 49 466.36 0.439 2
(1 182,1 358] 24 558.67 -0.318 2
(1 358,1 549] 11 398.63 -0.569 0
(1 549,2 179] 2 193.65 -0.841 5
坡度/(°) [0,7] 13 248.60 -0.161 9
(7,15] 33 493.17 0.081 9
(15,25] 47 782.34 -0.029 2
(25,35] 16 277.82 -0.071 8
>35 4 27.59 0.611 8
坡向 平面 0 9.53 -1.000 0
12 188.47 0.031 8
东北 13 240.75 -0.133 0
14 261.64 -0.141 3
东南 16 249.10 0.040 8
19 234.25 0.254 2
西南 22 239.19 0.350 1
西 10 216.01 -0.262 7
西北 7 190.58 -0.420 8
地形起伏度/m [0,24] 7 167.56 -0.337 8
(24,43] 25 405.78 -0.002 8
(43,58] 39 554.38 0.130 0
(58,74] 22 422.81 -0.166 3
(74,94] 12 216.25 -0.107 6
>94 8 62.73 0.549 6
NDVI [-0.51,0.19] 17 134.43 0.545 2
(0.19,0.35] 18 160.53 0.478 7
(0.35,0.49] 28 216.90 0.555 8
(0.49,0.62] 27 308.26 0.314 2
(0.62,0.74] 19 442.60 -0.318 7
(0.74,1] 4 565.83 -0.891 9
工程岩组 松散岩 43 762.46 -0.092 2
坚硬岩 10 309.78 -0.493 3
半坚硬岩 57 709.80 0.246 0
软岩 3 47.36 0.026 4
距断层距离/m [0,500] 31 441.40 0.128 4
(500,1 000] 22 335.59 0.061 6
(1 000,1 500] 23 249.33 0.352 1
(1 500,2 000] 10 186.33 -0.138 6
(2 000,2 500] 8 148.49 -0.135 1
>2 500 19 468.28 -0.357 7
路道路距离/m [0,500] 41 365.10 0.479 6
(500,1 000] 9 276.17 -0.488 3
(1 000,1 500] 9 228.93 -0.378 4
(1 500,2 000] 3 194.93 -0.762 6
(2 000,2 500] 3 152.97 -0.696 2
>2 500 48 611.31 0.227 4
距水系距离/m [0,200] 32 195.39 0.663 9
(200,400] 21 195.98 0.451 4
(400,600] 10 192.77 -0.168 9
(600,800] 8 181.49 -0.299 6
(800,1 000] 4 160.59 -0.612 0
>1 000 38 903.21 -0.332 9
), ArticleFig(id=1208459459521790021, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, articleId=1208054447213749213, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
回归项 显著性 回归系数
常数项 0.030 1.446
高程 0.000 -0.609
坡度 0.021 0.386
坡向 0.027 0.026
起伏度 0.046 0.038
NDVI 0.010 -0.446
工程岩组 0.047 0.135
距断层距离 0.014 0.130
距道路距离 0.048 -0.062
距水系距离 0.000 0.722
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逻辑回归分析结果

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回归项 显著性 回归系数
常数项 0.030 1.446
高程 0.000 -0.609
坡度 0.021 0.386
坡向 0.027 0.026
起伏度 0.046 0.038
NDVI 0.010 -0.446
工程岩组 0.047 0.135
距断层距离 0.014 0.130
距道路距离 0.048 -0.062
距水系距离 0.000 0.722
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回归项 显著性 回归系数
常数项 0.030 -0.150
高程 0.040 0.787
坡度 0.021 0.173
坡向 0.003 0.429
起伏度 0.028 1.380
NDVI 0.000 1.326
工程岩组 0.016 0.873
距断层距离 0.006 -0.580
距道路距离 0.036 0.568
距水系距离 0.005 0.629
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CF-Logistic耦合模型结果

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回归项 显著性 回归系数
常数项 0.030 -0.150
高程 0.040 0.787
坡度 0.021 0.173
坡向 0.003 0.429
起伏度 0.028 1.380
NDVI 0.000 1.326
工程岩组 0.016 0.873
距断层距离 0.006 -0.580
距道路距离 0.036 0.568
距水系距离 0.005 0.629
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易发性分区 模型 面积/km2 滑坡点数量/个 面积占比/% 滑坡点数量
占比/%
单位面积滑坡点密度
/(个·km-2)
极低易发区 CF 339.25 10 18.56 8.85 0.029 5
Logistic 598.06 9 32.71 7.96 0.015 0
CF-Logistic 640.31 7 35.02 6.19 0.010 9
低易发区 CF 548.08 12 29.98 10.62 0.021 9
Logistic 493.53 19 26.99 16.81 0.038 5
CF-Logistic 410.78 13 22.47 11.50 0.031 6
中易发区 CF 563.49 25 30.82 22.12 0.044 4
Logistic 412.55 28 22.57 24.78 0.067 9
CF-Logistic 447.25 26 24.46 23.01 0.058 1
高易发区 CF 377.41 66 20.64 58.41 0.174 9
Logistic 324.10 57 17.73 50.44 0.175 9
CF-Logistic 329.89 67 18.04 59.29 0.203 1
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易发性分区结果统计

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易发性分区 模型 面积/km2 滑坡点数量/个 面积占比/% 滑坡点数量
占比/%
单位面积滑坡点密度
/(个·km-2)
极低易发区 CF 339.25 10 18.56 8.85 0.029 5
Logistic 598.06 9 32.71 7.96 0.015 0
CF-Logistic 640.31 7 35.02 6.19 0.010 9
低易发区 CF 548.08 12 29.98 10.62 0.021 9
Logistic 493.53 19 26.99 16.81 0.038 5
CF-Logistic 410.78 13 22.47 11.50 0.031 6
中易发区 CF 563.49 25 30.82 22.12 0.044 4
Logistic 412.55 28 22.57 24.78 0.067 9
CF-Logistic 447.25 26 24.46 23.01 0.058 1
高易发区 CF 377.41 66 20.64 58.41 0.174 9
Logistic 324.10 57 17.73 50.44 0.175 9
CF-Logistic 329.89 67 18.04 59.29 0.203 1
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基于CF-Logistic模型的山西省西山矿区滑坡易发性评价
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梁宏艳 , 魏辉 , 李全中 , 张峰
科技和产业 | 科技创新 2025,25(13): 14-21
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科技和产业 | 科技创新 2025, 25(13): 14-21
基于CF-Logistic模型的山西省西山矿区滑坡易发性评价
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梁宏艳, 魏辉, 李全中, 张峰
作者信息
  • 山西工程技术学院矿业工程系, 山西 阳泉 045000
  • 梁宏艳(1996—),女,山西忻州人,硕士,助教,研究方向为地质灾害防治;

    魏辉(1989—),男,宁夏石嘴山人,博士,副教授,研究方向为地下动力灾害防治;

    李全中(1986—),男,河南周口人,博士,副教授,研究方向为煤层气开采;

    张峰(1986—),男,安徽阜阳人,博士,副教授,研究方向为三下开采。

Landslide Susceptibility Assessment Based on CF-Logistic Model in Xishan Mining Area of Shanxi Province
Hongyan LIANG, Hui WEI, Quanzhong LI, Feng ZHANG
Affiliations
  • Mining Engineering Department, Shanxi Institute of Engineering and Technology, Yangquan 045000, Shanxi, China
出版时间: 2025-07-10
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探索区域滑坡易发性评价的最优方式,对于做好区域防灾减灾工作具有重要意义。以山西省西山矿区作为研究范围,选取高程、坡度、坡向、起伏度、归一化植被指数(NDVI)、工程岩组、距断层距离、距道路距离、距水系距离9个影响因子,分别采用确定性系数(CF)模型,逻辑回归(Logistic)模型以及CF-Logistic耦合模型3种方法,对研究区滑坡易发性进行评价及结果验证,得到研究区内滑坡易发区域位置,为该区域地质灾害防治提供参考。

易发性评价  /  滑坡  /  CF-Logistic(确定性系数与逻辑回归)模型

Exploring the best method of regional landslide susceptibility assessment is of great importance for accomplishing regional hazard prevention and mitigation work.Taking Xishan mining area in Shanxi Province as the study area, nine assessment factors were selected including elevation, slope, aspect, relief, normalized vegetation index(NDVI), the engineering rock group, distance from faults, distance from roads, distance from drainages, the susceptibility of landslide hazard was evaluated and verified in certainty factor(CF) model, logistic regression model and CF-Logistic coupling model respectively, the location of landslide prone area in the study area is obtained, which provides reference for the prevention and control of geological disasters in this area.

susceptibility assessment  /  landslide  /  CF-Logistic (certainty factor and logistic regression) model
梁宏艳, 魏辉, 李全中, 张峰. 基于CF-Logistic模型的山西省西山矿区滑坡易发性评价. 科技和产业, 2025 , 25 (13) : 14 -21 .
Hongyan LIANG, Hui WEI, Quanzhong LI, Feng ZHANG. Landslide Susceptibility Assessment Based on CF-Logistic Model in Xishan Mining Area of Shanxi Province[J]. Science Technology and Industry, 2025 , 25 (13) : 14 -21 .
滑坡作为当今世界危害最大的地质灾害类型之一,对自然环境造成了巨大的危害,对人类的生产和生活造成了巨大的损失[1]。滑坡易发性评价通过定量化地对研究区不同风险区域做出合理性评估,为后续有针对性的防灾减灾工作提供科学的理论依据。
目前国内外已有大量学者提出了多种模型和方法用于地质灾害及滑坡易发性评价,主要有:层次分析法[2-3]、信息量法[4-5]、最大熵模型[6]、随机森林法[7-8]、决策树模型法[8]、频率比法[9-10]、确定性系数(CF)法[11]、逻辑回归(Logistic)模型法[12-18]等。
杜晓晨等[4]采用信息量法将西南地区滑坡危险性进行区划,并通过了精度检验;屈新星等[6]以最大熵模型为手段对研究区滑坡易发性开展了定量预测;石辉等[7]提出随机森林-层次分析法耦合模型,对绥德县崩塌进行易发性评价,通过AUC值(敏感度曲线下方的面积)验证得到了较好的结果;Zhang等[8]利用随机森林模型和决策树模型分别对滑坡地质灾害进行评价对比,验证了随机森林模型精度更高;Wang等[9]使用频率比、Logistic回归、决策树等多种模型对日本水南市进行滑坡易发性评价,验证了Logistic回归模型精度最高;李利峰等[12]利用熵指数模型、逻辑回归模型以及两种模型耦合作用下的模型对蓝田县滑坡易发性进行评价,得到耦合模型具有最高的准确率;吴常润等[10]借助频率比-逻辑回归耦合模型对双柏县的滑坡灾害易发性进行了分析评价;刘璐瑶等[11]采用CF-Logistic(确定性系数-逻辑回归)模型对永嘉县的滑坡灾害易发性进行分析与评估;田钦等[13]基于信息量和逻辑回归耦合模型对江西省宁都地区滑坡易发性进行评价,能够弥补单一模型的不足,评价精度较高,结果较好;张玘恺等[19]运用了确定性系数模型等5种方法,对九寨沟县滑坡灾害易发性进行了研究。
评价模型从单一定性主观到多元定量客观,都被广泛应用,但总体来说,多元模型组合可以结合各自模型的优势,从而提高模型的精度。其中,CF-Logistic耦合模型由于其原理简单、可行性强[19],应用相当广泛[11,14-16,19]。因此,本文以山西省西山矿区为研究区,采用CF、Logistic以及CF-Logistic耦合等3种模型对研究区的滑坡易发性进行评价,通过对这3种方法得到的评价结果及精度进行分析,得到西山矿区滑坡易发性分区情况,以期为探索研究区最佳滑坡灾害评价方法及滑坡灾害防治提供理论指导及参考。
山西省西山矿区位于山西省中部,晋中煤炭基地东北部,由于现有数据限制,选取西山矿区部分区域作为研究区,总面积为1 828.78 km2(图1)。该地区整体地形特点是西南高、东北低,海拔范围为739~2 179 m,平均海拔高度为1 258 m,浅切割陡小起伏中山地形占比最多,气候类型为暖温带大陆性温和半干旱季风气候,年降水量410~500 mm,年平均气温7~9 ℃,四季分明。区内河流有汾河、屯兰河、原平河、大川河、冀家沟、玉门沟和虎峪沟等,且区内分布着第四系、第三系、二叠系、石炭系和奥陶系5种地层。
西山矿区为山西省大型煤矿区,地下采掘活动所造成的地表沉降及塌方,使得西山矿区内生态环境脆弱,较易发生崩塌、滑坡、泥石流、地裂缝和地面塌陷等地质灾害。通过对典型地质灾害类型滑坡进行易发性评价,为西山矿区后期对滑坡灾害有针对性预防工作提供参考及依据。
主要数据包括:①山西省西山矿区滑坡点数据。下载至山西省地质灾害监测预警平台,中心点XY坐标表示地质灾害点的位置,坐标系投影为墨卡托,研究区内共有滑坡点113处,其中包括大型5处,中型27处,小型81处。②ALOS (advanced land observing satellite,高级陆地观测卫星)DEM(digital elevation model,数字高程模型)数据。该数据水平及垂直精度可达12 m,空间分辨率为12.5 m。③Landsat TM8遥感影像。选取2021年7月3日遥感数据,当时云量为5%,经过ENVI软件辐射定标和大气校正及ArcGIS软件掩膜提取等处理得到归一化植被指数(normalized difference vegetation index,NDVI)数据;④西山矿区1∶50 000地质图。工程岩组数据、断层矢量数据、道路矢量数据、水系矢量数据等数据从中提取而来。
评价因子的选取对滑坡灾害易发性评价具有重要影响。根据前人研究,选取高程、坡度、坡向、地形起伏度、NDVI、工程岩组、距断层距离、距道路距离、距水系距离9个评价因子,并依据各评价因子实际情况划分为不同等级(图2)。
(1)高程。高程对滑坡灾害的影响,一方面体现在海拔影响着岩层应力,另一方面体现在人类活动的范围受到海拔高程的限制,使得滑坡灾害的发育在低海拔地区较多。因此,将高程作为滑坡灾害易发性评价的重要影响因素之一。西山矿区高程相差为1 440 m,相对较大,基于ArcGIS平台对DEM数据进行处理后,参照覃乙根等[17]的研究,按照自然断点法将研究区高程按照[739,984]、(984,1 182]、(1 182,1 358]、(1 358,1 549]、(1 549,2 179]m分为5个等级。
(2)坡度。坡度的大小会影响斜坡应力的大小和方向,导致斜坡的松散堆积物厚度不均,影响地质灾害的发生。运用ArcGIS中的Surface(表面分析)工具,提取研究区的坡度信息,将坡度按照[0°,7°]、(7°,15°]、(15°,25°]、(25°,35°]、>35°分为5个等级。
(3)坡向。不同坡向受到太阳辐射和光照时长的不同影响坡体上植被覆盖,风化程度及土壤湿度,导致滑坡灾害发育不同[15]。基于ArcGIS平台中的Surface(表面分析)工具,提取坡向信息,将坡向按照平面-1°、北向[0°,22.5°]和(337.5°,360°]、东北向(22.5°,67.5°]、东向(67.5°,112.5°]、东南向(112.5°,157.5°]、南向(157.5°,202.5°]、西南向(202.5°,247.5°]、西向(247.5°,292.5°]、西北向(292.5°,337.5°]分为9个坡向等级范围。
(4)地形起伏度。地形起伏度是指在研究区内海拔高度最高点与最低点的差值,其值的大小体现坡体的应力大小,相对差值的增大,会使得坡体应力增大,松散物质掉落,从而引发滑坡灾害。运用ArcGIS中的Spatial Analyst(空间分析)和Raster Caclulator(栅格计算器)工具,计算得到地形起伏度的值,并利用Reclass(重分类)工具中的自然断点法[17]将研究区地形起伏度值分为[0,24]、(24,43]、(43,58]、(58,74]、(74,94]、>94 m 6个等级。
(5)归一化植被覆盖指数(NDVI)。植被影响土壤的抗侵蚀能力和地表径流,且在一定程度影响人类活动的范围。基于2021年Landsat8数据,运用ENVI软件进行处理,ArcGIS软件进行重分类得到研究区NDVI数据,并应用自然断点法[14]将NDVI按照[-0.51,0.19]、(0.19,0.35]、(0.35,0.49]、(0.49,0.62]、(0.62,0.74]、>0.74分为6个等级。
(6)工程岩组。工程岩组是基于区域内岩石类型和软硬程度不同对岩石进行重新分类,是影响地质灾害发生的重要因素。本文基于研究区1∶50 000地质图矢量图层将研究区分为松散岩、坚硬岩、半坚硬岩、软岩4种。
(7)距断层距离。断裂构造带与地质灾害发育有着紧密的联系,它直接影响附近岩体,并导致其物理力学特性改变,进而导致地质灾害的发生。基于断层矢量数据,在ArcGIS邻域分析工具的基础上,对断层数据建立多环缓冲区,得到[0,500]、(500,1 000]、(1 000,1 500]、(1 500,2 000]、(2 000,2 500]、>2 500 m 6个等级。
(8)距道路距离。人类活动会加剧地质灾害的发生,如城市道路修建、土地开垦、采矿采石活动等。基于道路矢量数据,利用ArcGIS缓冲区工具对道路数据建立多环缓冲区,得到[0,500]、(500,1 000]、(1 000,1 500]、(1 500,2 000]、(2 000,2 500]、>2 500 m 6个等级。
(9)距水系距离。河流的侵蚀对两岸边坡坡体造成损坏,从而诱发地质灾害。基于水系矢量数据,建立水系数据的多环缓冲区,得到[0,200]、(200,400]、(400,600]、(600,800]、(800,1 000]、>1 000 m 6个等级。
确定性系数(CF)模型是一个概率函数,可以用来分析灾害事件发生在各个因子之间发生的概率,其计算公式为
C F = p p a - p p s p p a ( 1 - p p s ) ,   p p a p p s p p a - p p s p p s ( 1 - p p a ) ,   p p a < p p s
式中:ppa为滑坡灾害在影响因素a类中发生的概率;pps为研究区发生滑坡的总概率;CF为滑坡灾害的确定性系数。CF取值范围为[-1,1],当CF<0时,发生滑坡灾害的可能性较小,当CF>0时,发生滑坡灾害的可能性较大,数值越大,越容易发生滑坡灾害,当CF=0时,不确定是否发生滑坡灾害。
逻辑回归(Logistic)模型是二项分类变量的回归分析模型,描述的是二元因变量和一系列自变量之间的关系[20]。在滑坡灾害易发性评价中自变量为各分级数据,因变量为滑坡灾害的发生与否,其中1表示发生,0表示没有发生[19]。其公式为
P = 1 1 + e - y y = α + β 1 x 1 + β 2 x 2 + + β n x n
式中:P为滑坡灾害发生的概率;αβ1β2、…、βn为逻辑回归系数;x1x2、…、xn为评价因子的指标值。
CF-Logistic耦合模型是将二元逻辑回归的自变量评价因子分级指标值替换为评价因子分级的CF值。具体操作为利用ArcGIS中的Spatial Analyst(空间分析)-Extraction(提取分析)中的Extract Multi Values To Points(多值提取到点工具),将CF值提取至各样本点,然后在SPSS软件中进行二元逻辑回归分析。
为了后续计算,首先应将断层缓冲区、道路缓冲区、水系缓冲区及NDVI 4个矢量图层转换为和其他影响因子相同的12.5 m×12.5 m栅格图层,然后将各评价因子的图层和滑坡点分布图层叠加得到11 708 839个独立的属性单元。最后统计各个分级面积及滑坡灾害点个数,根据式(1)计算各分级的CF值(表1)后,再根据式(3)得到各单元滑坡灾害的易发性指数。
I j = i = 1 n C F i
式中:Ij为第j个评价单元的易发性指数;CFi为第i个影响因子各分级的CF。
表1可以得出,高程在[739,1 984] m时CF值最大,发生滑坡的可能性最高。随着高程增加,滑坡灾害发生的可能性反而逐渐下降,主要由于高程较高地区人类活动较少,环境不易遭到破坏,因此发生滑坡灾害可能较小;坡度为>35°时,CF值达到了0.611 8,最有利于滑坡灾害的发生;坡向在西南方向时滑坡点分布最多,发生滑坡的确定性也最高,而西北向为除平面外滑坡点分布最少区域,其CF值也为除平面外最小,因此平面最不利于滑坡发生,其次为西北向。整体而言,阳坡发生滑坡地质灾害的可能性高于阴坡;地形起伏度在>94 m的范围内最容易发生滑坡,CF值最高;NDVI值在(0.35,0.49]时,滑坡灾害发生的可能性最高。整体而言,NDVI值越小越容易发生滑坡,即植被覆盖度越小越容易发生滑坡;工程岩组中,半坚硬岩即软硬相间岩相比于其他岩组发生滑坡的可能性更大;距离断层[0,1 500] m、距离道路500 m、距离水系200 m时CF值较大,较容易发生地质灾害,虽然滑坡发生与断层距离关系不完全呈现距离越近、滑坡发生确定性越高的关系,但总体上来说,距离断层[0,1 500] m发生滑坡的确定性明显高于1 500 m以外的区域。
为保证量纲统一和结果的准确性,首先对所有影响因素的量纲进行统一,自变量为9个影响要素对应数据,因变量为滑坡灾害的发生与否,其中1表示发生,0表示没有发生。取全部的滑坡样本点数据113个,再随机选取113个非滑坡样本点数据,共计226个样本点数据,在SPSS软件的二元逻辑回归模块中进行分析,各个评价因子的回归系数由此而来,且显著性检验统计量显著性均小于所设显著水平0.05,见表2
拟合得到逻辑回归方程为
P = 1 1 + e - y y = 1.446 - 0.609 x 1 + 0.386 x 2 +     0.026 x 3 + 0.038 x 4 - 0.446 x 5 +     0.135 x 6 + 0.130 x 7 - 0.062 x 8 + 0.722 x 9
式中:P为发生滑坡的概率;x1为高程指标值;x2为坡度指标值;x3为坡向指标值;x4为地形起伏度指标值;x5为NDVI指标值;x6为工程岩组指标值;x7为距断层距离指标值;x8为距道路距离指标值;x9为距水系距离指标值。
以CF模型为基础,将各评价因子分级的CF值作为自变量,滑坡灾害的发生与否作为因变量,将自变量与因变量的值输入SPSS软件,在SPSS软件的二元逻辑回归模块中进行分析,结果见表3。拟合得到逻辑回归方程为
P = 1 1 + e - y y = - 0.150 + 0.787 x 1 + 0.173 x 2 +     0.429 x 3 + 1.380 x 4 + 1.326 x 5 +     0.873 x 6 - 0.580 x 7 + 0.568 x 8 + 0.629 x 9
式中:P为发生滑坡的概率;x1为高程分级CF值;x2为坡度分级CF值;x3为坡向CF值;x4为地形起伏度分级CF值;x5为NDVI分级CF值;x6为工程岩组分级CF值;x7为距断层距离分级CF值;x8为距道路距离分级CF值;x9为距水系距离分级CF值。
根据3种模型的计算公式,基于ArcGIS平台,Spatial Analyst(空间分析)中的Raster Caclulator(栅格计算器)得到3种模型的地质灾害易发性评价区划图,然后以ArcGIS平台中Reclass(重分类)工具中的自然断点法为基础,将西山矿区分为极低、低、中和高易发区4个等级(图3)。
根据图3滑坡易发性评价结果可以看出,3种模型分区结果基本一致,极低和低易发区在西山矿区中部和西南部的山地区域集中,中高易发区则主要集中在西山矿区东南侧边缘处,在交城断裂带周围分布,河流支流密集两侧,且沿着道路分布,包括贯通研究区的省道S56和国道G5两侧。结合图1灾害点的空间分布来看,灾害点越密集的地方,发生地质灾害的风险性就越大。整体上,研究区滑坡呈现东多西少、南多北少的特征。
通过上述3种模型得到西山矿区地质灾害易发性评价结果后,从两个方面对评价分区结果进行验证。一是通过现状灾害点空间分布对分区结果进行合理性检验,二是利用受试者工作特征曲线[ROC曲线(敏感度曲线)],对结果进行准确性检验[16]
研究区易发性分区结果统计表(表4)由对3个模型分区面积及滑坡点个数进行统计得到。CF-Logistic耦合模型相对于CF模型和Logistic模型来说高易发区滑坡点分布最多有67个,占滑坡点总数的59.29%,分区面积占研究区面积的18.04%,灾害点密度值最大;而在极低易发区,CF-Logistic耦合模型相对于单一模型来说,其滑坡点分布最少,为7处,占滑坡点总数的6.19%,同时其灾害点密度也是最小的。这表明CF-Logistic耦合模型相对来说得到的结果最为理想。
基于SPSS 26.0平台,对3种评价模型的结果进行检验。AUC值(即ROC曲线下的面积)的大小与滑坡灾害评价模型准确性的大小成正比例关系,AUC值在[0.5,1]内分布。当其值为0.5时,模型预测无效;当其值为(0.5,0.7]时,模型准确性较低;当其值为(0.7,0.9]时,模型准确性较高;当其值>0.9时,模型准确性特别高[15]
图4所示,CF型、Logistic和CF-Logistic耦合3种模型的AUC值分别为0.777、0.790和0.792。3种模型AUC值均大于0.750,准确性均较高,但相比之下,CF-Logistic模型精度高于其他两种模型。
(1)通过对9个评价因子各分级的CF值分析可得,研究区最易发生滑坡的条件为:高程[734,984] m、坡度>35°、坡向西南、起伏度>94 m、NDVI为(0.35,0.49]、工程岩组半坚硬岩、距离断层(1 000,1 500] m、距离道路[0~500] m、距离水系[0~200] m。
(2)由耦合模型得到研究区9个评价指标对滑坡发生的敏感性依次为起伏度、NDVI、工程岩组、高程、距水系距离、距断层距离、距道路距离、坡向、坡度。
(3)在CF、Logistic和CF-Logistic耦合3种模型的基础上,开展了对研究区滑坡易发性评价研究并进行检验,结果显示CF-Logistic耦合模型AUC值为0.792,准确性最高,相比于CF模型和Logistic模型来说AUC值分别提高了0.020和0.002。
(4)CF-Logistic耦合模型中,高、中、低以及极低易发区面积在研究区总面积分布的比例分别为18.04%、24.46%、22.47%、35.02%;中高易发区分布在河道附近和断裂带附近、道路两侧等人类工程活动较大的地方且面积占比达到了57.49%,这表明研究区滑坡灾害较为发育。在中高易发区居住的居民应该提前做好防护措施,防患于未然,避免滑坡灾害带来的人员伤亡事故和财产损失。
  • 山西省基础研究计划(20210302124487)
  • 山西省高等学校科技创新项目(2021L587)
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2025年第25卷第13期
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  • 接收时间:2025-01-03
  • 首发时间:2025-12-17
  • 出版时间:2025-07-10
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  • 收稿日期:2025-01-03
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山西省基础研究计划(20210302124487)
山西省高等学校科技创新项目(2021L587)
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    山西工程技术学院矿业工程系, 山西 阳泉 045000
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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