Article(id=1208052618706919774, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, issueId=1208052403727864410, articleNumber=1671-1807(2025)12-0346-06, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1735488000000, receivedDateStr=2024-12-30, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1765951788831, onlineDateStr=2025-12-17, pubDate=1750780800000, pubDateStr=2025-06-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1765951788831, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-17, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1765951788831, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1765951788831, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1208052403727864410, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, year='2025', volume='25', issue='12', pageStart='1', pageEnd='400', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1765951737577, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1765951864175, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1208052934781281080, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, issueId=1208052403727864410, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1208052934781281081, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, issueId=1208052403727864410, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=346, endPage=351, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1208052619147321717, articleId=1208052618706919774, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, language=EN, title=Construction and Application of an Urban Emergency Capability Evaluation System with Analytic Hierarchy Process, columnId=1208052616211308855, journalTitle=Science Technology and Industry, columnName=Governance & Performance, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The Scientific evaluation of urban emergency response capacity is a critical step in enhancing urban resilience and the ability to response to unexpected events. Using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and the life-cycle theory of emergency management, this study constructs an evaluation index system for urban emergency capability, encompassing the four stages of prevention, preparedness, response, and recovery. The weights of 16 secondary indicators are determined, and a systematic analysis and quantitative assessment are conducted for each stage of emergency management and its key indicators. Case studies demonstrate that the constructed evaluation system not only comprehensively reflects the multidimensional characteristics of urban emergency capability but also reveals the strengths and weaknesses across the four stages.

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科学评价城市应急能力是提升城市安全韧性与应对突发事件能力的关键环节。基于层次分析法,结合应急管理全生命周期理论,构建涵盖预防、准备、响应与恢复四阶段的城市应急能力评价指标体系。确定16个二级指标的权重,并对应急管理各阶段及其关键指标进行系统分析与量化评估。实例表明所构建的评价体系既能全面反映城市应急能力的多维特性,也能揭示城市在四阶段的优势与薄弱环节。

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胡勇文(1984—),男,湖北红安人,博士,副教授,研究方向为应急管理与最优化应用;

张柯(2002—),女,河南漯河人,硕士研究生,研究方向为系统设计和应急管理。

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张柯(2002—),女,河南漯河人,硕士研究生,研究方向为系统设计和应急管理。

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A systematic review of prediction methods for emergency management[J]. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 2021, 62: 102412., articleTitle=A systematic review of prediction methods for emergency management, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1208083794905633140, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, articleId=1208052618706919774, awardId=2022CFD081, language=CN, fundingSource=湖北省自然科学基金创新发展联合基金(2022CFD081), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1208083795090182532, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, articleId=1208052618706919774, awardId=21Q238, language=CN, fundingSource=湖北省高等学校哲学社会科学研究项目(21Q238), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1208083788177970175, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, articleId=1208052618706919774, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1208083788203134977, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, articleId=1208052618706919774, companyId=1208083788177970175, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of mechanical engineering, Hubei University of Arts and Sciences, Xiangyang 441053, Hubei, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1208083788215717891, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, articleId=1208052618706919774, companyId=1208083788177970175, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=湖北文理学院机械工程学院, 湖北 襄阳 441053)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1208083791294337219, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, articleId=1208052618706919774, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=TdS/c0rjxI/NrZHdp5LfXw==, figureFileBig=jrZZeSVNHKP4hCWvi5Nv9A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208083791411777745, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, articleId=1208052618706919774, language=CN, label=图1, caption=城市应急能力评价指标体系, figureFileSmall=TdS/c0rjxI/NrZHdp5LfXw==, figureFileBig=jrZZeSVNHKP4hCWvi5Nv9A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208083791545995486, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, articleId=1208052618706919774, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=DhzNEe7MF1Mk7pT5f2omSg==, figureFileBig=QTzTINo/qCXQoR2AxLob5w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208083791713767658, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, articleId=1208052618706919774, language=CN, label=图2, caption=二级指标综合权重, figureFileSmall=DhzNEe7MF1Mk7pT5f2omSg==, figureFileBig=QTzTINo/qCXQoR2AxLob5w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208083791843791097, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, articleId=1208052618706919774, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=rAeLEiD2YEEbE2XsvlroWg==, figureFileBig=p+Lca/NKdbRhLtg0xyQ9sg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208083791973814535, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, articleId=1208052618706919774, language=CN, label=图3, caption=二级指标平均得分, figureFileSmall=rAeLEiD2YEEbE2XsvlroWg==, figureFileBig=p+Lca/NKdbRhLtg0xyQ9sg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208083792342913303, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, articleId=1208052618706919774, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
因素i比因素j 量化值
同等重要 1
稍微重要 3
较强重要 5
强烈重要 7
极端重要 9
两相邻判断的中间值 2,4,6,8
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判断矩阵标注值

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因素i比因素j 量化值
同等重要 1
稍微重要 3
较强重要 5
强烈重要 7
极端重要 9
两相邻判断的中间值 2,4,6,8
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一级指标名称 二级指标名称 二级指标含义
预防能力 风险评估覆盖率 对城市内灾害风险区域的识别和评估所覆盖的范围
防灾设施标准化建设率 符合抗灾标准的基础设施在所有相关设施中的比例
关键基础设施稳健性 反映生命线工程在灾害中保持功能和快速恢复的能力
风险防控资金投入占比 用于防灾减灾的财政预算占总财政预算的比例
准备能力 应急预案覆盖率 应急预案覆盖的灾害种类和区域范围在所有潜在风险的比例
应急物资储备充足率 实际储备的应急物资与标准需求量的比例
年度演练与培训频次 城市范围内年度内组织的应急演练与相关培训的次数
专业应急队伍配备比例 每万人拥有的专业应急救援人员数量
响应能力 平均响应时间 从灾害发生到应急响应力量到达现场所需的平均时间
医疗救援能力 每万人拥有的急救车辆数量和每千人医院床位数
疏散与安置效率 单位时间内完成人员疏散和安置的人数比例
信息传递速度 灾害预警信息从发布到公众接收到的时间
恢复能力 基础设施恢复时间 关键基础设施从受损到恢复功能所需的时间
经济活动恢复速度 灾后经济活动恢复至正常水平所需的时间
灾后心理援助覆盖率 心理干预和危机管理服务覆盖的受灾人群比例
社区重建完成率 受灾社区完成修复和重建的比例
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二级指标描述

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一级指标名称 二级指标名称 二级指标含义
预防能力 风险评估覆盖率 对城市内灾害风险区域的识别和评估所覆盖的范围
防灾设施标准化建设率 符合抗灾标准的基础设施在所有相关设施中的比例
关键基础设施稳健性 反映生命线工程在灾害中保持功能和快速恢复的能力
风险防控资金投入占比 用于防灾减灾的财政预算占总财政预算的比例
准备能力 应急预案覆盖率 应急预案覆盖的灾害种类和区域范围在所有潜在风险的比例
应急物资储备充足率 实际储备的应急物资与标准需求量的比例
年度演练与培训频次 城市范围内年度内组织的应急演练与相关培训的次数
专业应急队伍配备比例 每万人拥有的专业应急救援人员数量
响应能力 平均响应时间 从灾害发生到应急响应力量到达现场所需的平均时间
医疗救援能力 每万人拥有的急救车辆数量和每千人医院床位数
疏散与安置效率 单位时间内完成人员疏散和安置的人数比例
信息传递速度 灾害预警信息从发布到公众接收到的时间
恢复能力 基础设施恢复时间 关键基础设施从受损到恢复功能所需的时间
经济活动恢复速度 灾后经济活动恢复至正常水平所需的时间
灾后心理援助覆盖率 心理干预和危机管理服务覆盖的受灾人群比例
社区重建完成率 受灾社区完成修复和重建的比例
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一级指标名称 预防能力 准备能力 响应能力 恢复能力
权重 0.469 0.319 0.149 0.063
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一级指标权重

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一级指标名称 预防能力 准备能力 响应能力 恢复能力
权重 0.469 0.319 0.149 0.063
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二级指标名程 平均分 二级指标名程 平均分 二级指标名程 平均分 二级指标名程 平均分
风险评估覆盖率 96.4 应急预案覆盖率 93.6 平均响应时间 84.2 基础设施恢复速度 77.1
防灾设施标准化建设率 77 应急物资储备充足率 75.2 医疗救援能力 78.1 经济活动恢复速度 75.6
关键基础设施稳健性 83.1 年度演练与培训频次 81.6 疏散与安置效率 79.2 灾后心理援助覆盖率 64.1
风险防控资金投入占比 69.5 专业应急队伍配备比例 77.4 信息传递速度 86.2 社区重建完成率 71.1
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二级指标平均分

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二级指标名程 平均分 二级指标名程 平均分 二级指标名程 平均分 二级指标名程 平均分
风险评估覆盖率 96.4 应急预案覆盖率 93.6 平均响应时间 84.2 基础设施恢复速度 77.1
防灾设施标准化建设率 77 应急物资储备充足率 75.2 医疗救援能力 78.1 经济活动恢复速度 75.6
关键基础设施稳健性 83.1 年度演练与培训频次 81.6 疏散与安置效率 79.2 灾后心理援助覆盖率 64.1
风险防控资金投入占比 69.5 专业应急队伍配备比例 77.4 信息传递速度 86.2 社区重建完成率 71.1
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基于层次分析法的城市应急能力评价体系构建与应用
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胡勇文 , 张柯
科技和产业 | 治理绩效 2025,25(12): 346-351
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科技和产业 | 治理绩效 2025, 25(12): 346-351
基于层次分析法的城市应急能力评价体系构建与应用
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胡勇文, 张柯
作者信息
  • 湖北文理学院机械工程学院, 湖北 襄阳 441053
  • 胡勇文(1984—),男,湖北红安人,博士,副教授,研究方向为应急管理与最优化应用;

    张柯(2002—),女,河南漯河人,硕士研究生,研究方向为系统设计和应急管理。

Construction and Application of an Urban Emergency Capability Evaluation System with Analytic Hierarchy Process
Yongwen HU, Ke ZHANG
Affiliations
  • School of mechanical engineering, Hubei University of Arts and Sciences, Xiangyang 441053, Hubei, China
出版时间: 2025-06-25
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科学评价城市应急能力是提升城市安全韧性与应对突发事件能力的关键环节。基于层次分析法,结合应急管理全生命周期理论,构建涵盖预防、准备、响应与恢复四阶段的城市应急能力评价指标体系。确定16个二级指标的权重,并对应急管理各阶段及其关键指标进行系统分析与量化评估。实例表明所构建的评价体系既能全面反映城市应急能力的多维特性,也能揭示城市在四阶段的优势与薄弱环节。

应急能力  /  评价体系  /  层次分析法  /  生命周期理论

The Scientific evaluation of urban emergency response capacity is a critical step in enhancing urban resilience and the ability to response to unexpected events. Using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and the life-cycle theory of emergency management, this study constructs an evaluation index system for urban emergency capability, encompassing the four stages of prevention, preparedness, response, and recovery. The weights of 16 secondary indicators are determined, and a systematic analysis and quantitative assessment are conducted for each stage of emergency management and its key indicators. Case studies demonstrate that the constructed evaluation system not only comprehensively reflects the multidimensional characteristics of urban emergency capability but also reveals the strengths and weaknesses across the four stages.

emergency ability  /  evaluation system  /  analytic hierarchy process  /  life-cycle theory
胡勇文, 张柯. 基于层次分析法的城市应急能力评价体系构建与应用. 科技和产业, 2025 , 25 (12) : 346 -351 .
Yongwen HU, Ke ZHANG. Construction and Application of an Urban Emergency Capability Evaluation System with Analytic Hierarchy Process[J]. Science Technology and Industry, 2025 , 25 (12) : 346 -351 .
近年来,随着城市化进程的加快,极端天气、自然灾害和突发事件对城市运行的威胁日益加剧,应急管理能力的提升已成为保障城市安全与社会稳定的核心任务。系统、科学地评估城市应急能力,既能为管理者提供决策依据,又能优化应急管理体系,提升城市韧性和可持续发展能力。
国内外学者在城市应急能力评价领域进行了深入研究并取得了丰硕成果。已有研究主要聚焦于应急能力评价指标体系构建、评价方法创新和评估模型开发。
评价指标体系是城市应急能力评价的核心。国外研究以规范化和系统化为导向,美国联邦应急管理局(FEMA)提出了覆盖减缓、准备、响应和恢复四阶段的标准化指标框架,结合风险管理理论细化了应急能力的构成要素[1]。此外,欧洲和日本在指标体系构建中注重区域特性,针对地震、洪涝等灾害类型设计了分层级指标[2-3]。国内研究则结合中国城市的实际特点,通过层次化的指标设计提高了体系的适用性[4-7]。然而,在指标体系构建方面,现有研究多侧重于单一城市或灾害类型,指标体系的普适性和动态适应性不足,难以满足不同区域复杂应急需求。
评价方法是量化城市应急能力的重要手段。近年来,国内外学者在传统方法的基础上进行了诸多创新。国外研究更多应用模糊综合评价法[8]、支持向量机[9-10]和层次分析法(analytic hierarchy process, AHP)[11],这些方法在应急能力的权重分配和综合评价中展现较强的科学性。国内研究则尝试结合模糊数学和云模型,提出FAHP与云模型相结合的方法[12-13],有效解决了指标模糊性和主观性偏差问题。此外,基于大数据驱动的动态评价方法[14-15]逐渐成为热点,能够实时监测应急资源配置和响应能力。然而,评价方法在模型复杂性与实际应用性之间仍存在矛盾,部分研究方法虽然科学性较高,但实际操作性和数据获取难度较大。
评估模型的开发与应用为应急能力的动态评估和决策支持提供重要工具。国外研究开发一系列专用模型,如基于地理信息系统(geographic information system,GIS)的灾害应急管理系统[16],用于动态监测和实时决策。国内学者结合实践需求,开发了适用于特定场景的应急能力评估模型[17-18]。此外,云计算与人工智能技术在模型开发中的应用正在兴起,为多灾种综合评估提供了新的解决方案[10,19]。然而,目前的评估模型多为静态设计,缺乏对城市应急能力动态变化的实时反映,难以全面支持复杂的应急管理决策。
AHP方法以其系统性、结构化和灵活性,被广泛应用于多准则决策分析,为复杂系统的定量分析提供有效解决方案。此外,城市应急能力评价是一项涉及多维度、多层次、多变量的复杂系统工程,其核心在于对城市应急管理全生命周期中各阶段和指标的科学量化与综合评价,,且评价工作中普遍存在指标权重分配困难、主观性与客观性信息融合复杂及评价结果的一致性与可靠性难以保障等难点。基于此,本文以AHP为核心方法,根据应急管理的全生命周期理论,构建包含预防、准备、响应与恢复四个阶段的并能适应多类型应急事件的多层次指标体系并确定各指标权重。此外,对城市应急能力开展实证分析,旨在揭示城市应急能力的优势与不足,为优化应急管理体系提供科学依据。
AHP的核心思想是通过两两比较量化评估指标的相对重要性,并据此构建判断矩阵。通过判断矩阵的特征值计算权重,并通过一致性检验确保判断的逻辑一致性。AHP方法特别适用于解决层次结构复杂问题,例如城市应急能力评价。其主要步骤如下。
(1)构建问题的层次结构模型,该模型包括目标层、准则层和方案层。
(2)构造判断矩阵。根据表1构造判断矩阵,对所有因素进行两两比较,尽量减少不同因素比较的难度。判断矩阵需满足以下性质:
a i j = 1 a j i
式中:aij为判断知阵中第i行第j列元素。
(3)计算权重向量。通过归一化处理判断矩阵,并计算各行平均值以确定各指标的权重。
(4)一致性检验。计算n阶判断矩阵的最大特征值 λ m a x,并通过一致性比例CR验证矩阵的一致性。当CR=CI/RI≤0.1时,判断矩阵满足一致性要求,否则需调整判断矩阵,其中
C I = λ m a x - n n - 1
式中:RI为不同阶数矩阵的随机一致性指标,可通过查表下面定数值。
(5)综合排序与决策,通过对各层次权重加权计算得出整体排序结果。分析最终权重值可明确各指标在整体评价中的重要性,为决策提供科学依据。
FEMA在指导性文件和政策中首次提出应急管理四阶段模型,包括预防、准备、响应和恢复四个阶段。FEMA的四阶段模型构成现代应急管理的理论基础,并被国际社会广泛接受和应用。四阶段理论被广泛应用于全球,不同国家和机构根据自身特点对其进行扩展和调整。
在具体构建过程中结合城市复杂系统理论,从要素、层次和时间三个维度展开。要素维涵盖人、物、信息等应急管理核心资源;层次维通过目标层、准则层和指标层的分解,明确指标的逻辑关系;时间维关注应急管理能力的动态变化,确保体系适应性与时效性。指标体系设计遵循全面性、科学性和可操作性原则,优先选择数据可获得且可量化的核心指标,以为后续定量分析提供科学依据。基于此构建的城市应急能力评价指标体系如图1所示。
各二级指标的具体含义如表2所示。
为科学确定各指标的相对重要性,采用AHP计算二级指标权重。根据10位应急管理领域专家的意见,一级指标的判断矩阵如式(3)所示。
A = 1 2 3 6 1 / 2 1 3 5 1 / 3 1 / 3 1 3 1 / 6 1 / 5 1 / 3 1
经计算,λmax=4.10,CI=0.035,CR= C I R I=0.039<0.1,因此该判断矩阵符合一致性检验,通过计算得各一级指标权重如表3所示。
用同样方法确定各二级指标权重,其判断矩阵分别为
A 1 = 1 2 1 3 1 / 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 / 3 1 / 2 1 1
A 2 = 1 3 6 8 1 / 3 1 2 4 1 / 6 1 / 2 1 2 1 / 8 1 / 4 1 / 2 1
A 3 = 1 1 / 5 1 / 3 1 5 1 2 4 3 1 / 2 1 2 1 1 / 4 1 / 2 1
A 4 = 1 2 4 2 1 / 2 1 3 2 1 / 4 1 / 3 1 1 / 2 1 / 2 1 / 2 2 1
经一致性检验,各二级指标在一级指标下的相对权重分别为: w 11 = 0.369, w 12 = 0.234, w 13 = 0.242, w 14 = 0.155, w 21 = 0.603, w 22 = 0.223, w 23 = 0.112, w 24 = 0.062, w 31 = 0.104, w 32 = 0.509, w 33 = 0.267, w 34 = 0.121, w 41 = 0.432, w 42 = 0.287, w 43 = 0.097, w 44 = 0.184。根据一级指标及二级指标的相对权重,各二级指标的综合权重如图2所示。
(1)风险评估覆盖率(0.173 061)和应急预案覆盖率(0.192 357)权重较高,表明这些指标在应急管理中对提升整体应急能力具有关键作用。防灾设施标准化建设率(0.109 746)和医疗救援能力(0.075 692)等中等权重指标在灾害应对和防范中具有重要作用,但相较核心指标,其权重稍低;此外,灾后心理援助覆盖率(0.006 111)和社区重建完成率(0.011 592)等权重较低,表明其在当前应急管理体系中的重要性较弱,主要集中于灾后恢复阶段的辅助功能。
(2)权重较高的指标(如风险评估覆盖率和应急预案覆盖率)集中于应急管理的前期阶段,即预防能力和准备能力。这表明当前评价体系更关注前瞻性预防与科学规划。
(3)权重较低的指标(如社区重建完成率)集中于恢复能力阶段,这表明在灾害管理中,后期恢复阶段关注较少,其影响具有长期性和间接性。
(4)部分二级指标的权重差异较大,应急管理体系需在前期防范与后期恢复之间找到平衡,以构建更加全面且具韧性的应急管理体系。
襄阳市位于中国中部,作为湖北省的重要城市,在自然灾害和突发事件中具有代表性。数据来源包括《襄阳市应急体系建设“十四五”规划》、襄阳市统计局和应急管理局发布的年度报告与统计年鉴、应急管理专家评估数据、灾害案例、公众反馈及应急系统实际运作情况的补充数据。
为全面评价襄阳市的应急能力,研究团队邀请了10位中国应急管理专家,根据制定的指标体系对定性指标进行评分。在评分前,研究小组向专家解释各指标的含义,确保他们对评分标准的理解一致。此外,研究团队对专家评分结果进行了统计分析,识别异常值,并与专家确认或调整相关数据。以下为10位专家对襄阳市应急能力在不同二级指标下的评分结果。
图3所示襄阳市应急管理的16个二级指标表现存在显著差异。具体表现在以下几点。
(1)风险评估覆盖率和应急预案覆盖率表现较好,平均得分分别为96.4和93.1,表明襄阳市在灾害预防中的风险评估体系较为完善,应急预案覆盖面广。
(2)部分指标表现较弱,如灾后心理援助覆盖率的平均得分仅为64.4,表明灾后心理援助工作仍需进一步加强。此外,社区重建完成率平均得分为71.1,显示灾后恢复能力仍有较大提升空间。
(3)从权重与得分分析可见,襄阳市应急管理的重点显然倾向于前期的预防与准备能力,这与近年来城市加强灾害风险管理和应急物资、队伍建设的趋势一致。然而,尽管前期防范与准备工作较为扎实,响应能力与恢复能力相对薄弱,暴露了应急管理体系的短板,尤其是灾后恢复阶段的滞后性尤为突出。
根据以上分析,襄阳市在灾害防范与应急准备阶段具备明显优势,但响应能力与灾后恢复能力仍存在不足。为优化应急管理体系、弥补短板、提升综合应急能力,可从以下几个方面入手。
(1)建立灾后心理援助体系。利用大数据与智能技术搭建心理援助平台,整合专业心理资源和社会志愿者,为受灾居民提供精准心理干预与支持。同时,加强心理健康教育,提高公众灾后自我调适能力。
(2)加快社区重建与基础设施恢复。制定灾后重建时间表及重点项目清单,吸引社会资本参与重建。优先修复供水、供电和通信等关键基础设施,结合绿色发展理念增强社区抗灾韧性,推动智慧社区建设。
(3)提升应急响应智能化水平。搭建高效的信息传递与资源调度平台,利用物联网技术实时监测灾害动态,提升信息传递速度和资源调配效率。同时,加强应急救援队伍训练,强化多部门协作机制,确保灾害发生后快速响应。
(4)加强风险评估与应急预案的动态管理。定期更新风险评估结果,结合城市扩展与社会变化优化应急预案。引入虚拟仿真技术与实景演练,提升预案适用性和公众参与度,确保应急管理体系高效运行。
(5)推动社会力量参与灾害管理。鼓励企业与社会组织共同参与灾害防范、救援和恢复,通过多方合作机制构建政府主导、社会参与的应急管理新模式。加强防灾减灾知识宣传,全面提升公众灾害风险意识与应对能力。
本文基于AHP,结合应急管理全生命周期理论与复杂系统理论,构建城市应急能力评价指标体系,并通过实例验证其有效性与适用性。研究结果表明,科学合理的指标体系可全面、客观地反映城市应急管理能力水平,优化权重分配有助于突出关键环节的重要性。此外,分析结果揭示城市在预防与准备阶段的优势及响应与恢复阶段的薄弱环节,为改进应急管理体系提供了科学依据。
结合大数据与人工智能技术,探索动态化、智能化评价方法以增强模型的实时性和适应性,是值得进一步研究的方向。实际应用中,可针对不同区域与灾害类型设计定制化指标,提高评价体系的普适性和精确性,从而为提升城市韧性及应急管理能力提供广泛支持。
  • 湖北省自然科学基金创新发展联合基金(2022CFD081)
  • 湖北省高等学校哲学社会科学研究项目(21Q238)
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2025年第25卷第12期
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  • 接收时间:2024-12-30
  • 首发时间:2025-12-17
  • 出版时间:2025-06-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-12-30
基金
湖北省自然科学基金创新发展联合基金(2022CFD081)
湖北省高等学校哲学社会科学研究项目(21Q238)
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    湖北文理学院机械工程学院, 湖北 襄阳 441053
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
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Percentage of
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Genus
种数
Number of
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占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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