Article(id=1206288136863281806, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, issueId=1206288129569387042, articleNumber=1671-1807(2025)11-0047-07, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1732377600000, receivedDateStr=2024-11-24, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1765531103577, onlineDateStr=2025-12-12, pubDate=1749484800000, pubDateStr=2025-06-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1765531103577, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-12, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1765531103577, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1765531103577, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1206288129569387042, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, year='2025', volume='25', issue='11', pageStart='1', pageEnd='389', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1765531101838, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1765531429788, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1206289505120744207, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, issueId=1206288129569387042, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1206289505120744208, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, issueId=1206288129569387042, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=47, endPage=53, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1206288138524226241, articleId=1206288136863281806, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, language=EN, title=Key Technologies for Handling Encountered Boulder Groups in Large-diameter Slurry Shield Tunneling: Taking the Fuzhou Metro Binhai Line Project as an Example, columnId=1151876674645226399, journalTitle=Science Technology and Industry, columnName=Technology Innovation, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In the process of large-diameter slurry shield tunneling, encountering boulder groups in front of the cutter head often occurs, which significantly impact tunneling efficiency and construction safety. To achieve rapid and efficient handling of boulder groups closely adjacent to the slurry shield cutter head, reduce the frequency of pressure-compromised opening for tool replacement, and ensure safe and smooth passage through boulder areas, the Fuzhou Metro Binhai Line project’s Binhai Zhong section was taken as a case study. Through in-depth analysis of key aspects such as tunneling anomalies, tool inspections, tool replacements, ground re-examinations, and handling of boulders adjacent to the cutter head, innovative techniques and processes such as the “rock crushing and downward pressure method” and the “rock pushing and filling method” have been proposed. These effectively address the challenges posed by boulder groups encountered during large-diameter slurry shield tunneling, significantly shortening the construction period for passing through boulder areas and providing a systematic solution and reference for similar projects.

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在大直径泥水盾构施工过程中,刀盘前偶遇孤石群的情况时有发生,对盾构掘进效率和施工安全构成严重影响。为了实现泥水盾构刀盘前密贴孤石群的快速、高效处置,减少盾构带压开仓查换刀次数,确保安全、平稳穿越孤石区域,以福州地铁滨海快线项目滨中区间右线盾构突遇孤石群处理施工为例,深入分析掘进异常情况、开仓查刀、刀具更换、地面补勘、紧邻刀盘孤石处理等关键环节。提出“破碎岩石下压法”和“刀盘前方岩石推倒填坑法”新技术和新工艺,有效解决了大直径泥水盾构掘进过程中突遇孤石群处置难题,显著缩短了盾构穿越孤石群施工工期,为类似工程提供了系统的解决方案和参考。

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靳兆阳(1992—),男,河北邯郸人,硕士,工程师,研究方向为隧道工程;

牛刚(1973—),男,吉林长春人,正高级工程师,研究方向为地下空间和铁路工程。

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靳兆阳(1992—),男,河北邯郸人,硕士,工程师,研究方向为隧道工程;

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靳兆阳(1992—),男,河北邯郸人,硕士,工程师,研究方向为隧道工程;

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牛刚(1973—),男,吉林长春人,正高级工程师,研究方向为地下空间和铁路工程。

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牛刚(1973—),男,吉林长春人,正高级工程师,研究方向为地下空间和铁路工程。

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处理
方法
地层适应性 施工
风险
处理效果 工期 成本
旋挖
取芯
适用性较高,普遍适用于多种地层 较小 当孤石较小时,无法用旋挖取石钻头全部取出 较短 中等
人工
挖孔
适用性一般,主要适用于地层稳定、地下水赋存较小的地层 较大 孤石破碎后能清除干净,处理效果较好 较长 较高
), ArticleFig(id=1207055661460967671, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, articleId=1206288136863281806, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

工艺适用性对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理
方法
地层适应性 施工
风险
处理效果 工期 成本
旋挖
取芯
适用性较高,普遍适用于多种地层 较小 当孤石较小时,无法用旋挖取石钻头全部取出 较短 中等
人工
挖孔
适用性一般,主要适用于地层稳定、地下水赋存较小的地层 较大 孤石破碎后能清除干净,处理效果较好 较长 较高
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大直径泥水盾构突遇孤石群处理关键技术——以福州滨海快线地铁项目为例
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靳兆阳 , 牛刚
科技和产业 | 科技创新 2025,25(11): 47-53
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科技和产业 | 科技创新 2025, 25(11): 47-53
大直径泥水盾构突遇孤石群处理关键技术——以福州滨海快线地铁项目为例
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靳兆阳, 牛刚
作者信息
  • 中国交建轨道交通分公司, 福州 350000
  • 靳兆阳(1992—),男,河北邯郸人,硕士,工程师,研究方向为隧道工程;

    牛刚(1973—),男,吉林长春人,正高级工程师,研究方向为地下空间和铁路工程。

Key Technologies for Handling Encountered Boulder Groups in Large-diameter Slurry Shield Tunneling: Taking the Fuzhou Metro Binhai Line Project as an Example
Zhaoyang JIN, Gang NIU
Affiliations
  • China Communications Construction Corporation Rail Transit Branch, Fuzhou 350000, China
出版时间: 2025-06-10
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在大直径泥水盾构施工过程中,刀盘前偶遇孤石群的情况时有发生,对盾构掘进效率和施工安全构成严重影响。为了实现泥水盾构刀盘前密贴孤石群的快速、高效处置,减少盾构带压开仓查换刀次数,确保安全、平稳穿越孤石区域,以福州地铁滨海快线项目滨中区间右线盾构突遇孤石群处理施工为例,深入分析掘进异常情况、开仓查刀、刀具更换、地面补勘、紧邻刀盘孤石处理等关键环节。提出“破碎岩石下压法”和“刀盘前方岩石推倒填坑法”新技术和新工艺,有效解决了大直径泥水盾构掘进过程中突遇孤石群处置难题,显著缩短了盾构穿越孤石群施工工期,为类似工程提供了系统的解决方案和参考。

大直径泥水盾构机  /  孤石群  /  破碎岩石下压法  /  岩石推倒填坑法  /  旋挖取芯

In the process of large-diameter slurry shield tunneling, encountering boulder groups in front of the cutter head often occurs, which significantly impact tunneling efficiency and construction safety. To achieve rapid and efficient handling of boulder groups closely adjacent to the slurry shield cutter head, reduce the frequency of pressure-compromised opening for tool replacement, and ensure safe and smooth passage through boulder areas, the Fuzhou Metro Binhai Line project’s Binhai Zhong section was taken as a case study. Through in-depth analysis of key aspects such as tunneling anomalies, tool inspections, tool replacements, ground re-examinations, and handling of boulders adjacent to the cutter head, innovative techniques and processes such as the “rock crushing and downward pressure method” and the “rock pushing and filling method” have been proposed. These effectively address the challenges posed by boulder groups encountered during large-diameter slurry shield tunneling, significantly shortening the construction period for passing through boulder areas and providing a systematic solution and reference for similar projects.

large-diameter slurry shield machine  /  boulder group  /  rock crushing and downward pressure method  /  rock pushing and filling method  /  rotary drilling core sampling
靳兆阳, 牛刚. 大直径泥水盾构突遇孤石群处理关键技术——以福州滨海快线地铁项目为例. 科技和产业, 2025 , 25 (11) : 47 -53 .
Zhaoyang JIN, Gang NIU. Key Technologies for Handling Encountered Boulder Groups in Large-diameter Slurry Shield Tunneling: Taking the Fuzhou Metro Binhai Line Project as an Example[J]. Science Technology and Industry, 2025 , 25 (11) : 47 -53 .
在大直径泥水盾构施工中,由于地质条件复杂,刀盘前方偶遇孤石群的情况时有发生[1-3]。这些孤石群显著影响了盾构掘进效率,并对施工安全构成重大威胁[4-6]。因此,如何快速、高效地处理刀盘前紧邻的孤石群,确保盾构机安全穿越孤石区域,成为亟须解决的问题。
孤石群的存在导致刀盘频繁卡顿、刀具严重磨损、盾构姿态难以控制以及地面塌陷等一系列问题。为应对这些挑战,国内外学者进行了广泛研究[7-10]。常见的外部处理方法包括人工挖孔破碎法、冲孔桩破碎法、旋挖钻机取芯法等;而洞内处理方法则有静态爆破法和液压劈裂机破碎法。例如,竺维彬等[11]提出了微差挤压爆破法以处理高强度岩体;黄恒儒[12]分析了花岗岩风化孤石的形成及其对盾构施工的影响,并指出传统处理方法的局限性;陈辰[13]采用液压切割和岩石劈裂技术解决了跨海地铁施工中的孤石问题;钟长平等[14]探讨了盾构施工风险及其对策;黄春来和张合海[15]则分享了在特殊环境下成功应用密集钻孔方法的案例。
尽管许多研究表明,爆破和密集钻孔预处理方案在孤石地层施工中取得了良好效果,但对于紧邻刀盘的孤石群,爆破可能会对盾构机造成较大扰动,威胁到已拼装的管片及机身结构安全;而密集钻孔则可能导致孤石残留,增加刀具磨损和泥水管道堵塞的风险。此外,零散分布的孤石群在前期地质勘查中难以发现,常规处理方法在事故发生时难以有效解决问题。
本文在旋挖取石工艺的基础上,提出了“破碎岩石下压法”和“刀盘前方岩石推倒填坑法”两项施工工艺,显著提升了孤石群的旋挖处理效果。经过实践验证,这些工法有效解决了大直径泥水盾构掘进中突遇孤石群的难题,显著缩短了施工工期,并可广泛应用于类似工程。
滨海新城站—中间风井区间(以下简称“滨中区间”)位于福州市长乐区,区间全长4 072 m,沿海岸线敷设,距离岸堤最近约30 m,采用2台外径为8 590 mm的泥水平衡盾构施工,隧道顶部埋深8.68~29.59 m,左右线间距为16~30.83 m,线路纵断面呈V型坡,最大纵坡8.096‰,最小纵坡2‰,线路平面有一处半径R=500 m小半径转弯,区间线路如图1所示。区间右线掘进至2056环,下穿水塘时突遇高强度中风化花岗岩孤石群,孤石群影响范围约14 m。
福建省地热资源系统的勘查工作始于1970年,主要是为了进行地热发电试验。南靖汤坑地热是最早进行勘探的地区之一,随后福州盆地、漳州市区、连江县贵安等地也相继开展了地热资源勘查工作。
勘测工作表明,福州地区的地热资源主要分布在鼓楼区、台江区、晋安区、仓山区以及周边的县区。其中,鼓楼区和台江区的地热资源最为丰富,形成了著名的温泉区。晋安区有桂湖温泉和新店温泉,仓山区则有螺洲温泉和洪塘温泉。此外,永泰县等地也蕴藏着丰富的地热资源。
在盾构掘进的过程中突遇孤石群,掘进参数、排渣出现异常后停机。停机点为2056环,区间正上方为一处水塘,水深1.5~2 m,如图2所示。
在第2054环掘进期间,推力维持在3.0×104~3.5×104 kN,刀盘扭矩约为1 000 kN·m,刀盘转速约为1.3 r/min,掘进速度保持在50~60 mm/min,各项掘进参数均处于正常范围内。
在第2055环掘进过程中发生异常,推力和刀盘扭矩均显著增大,掘进速度有所降低,并发生了两次刀盘跳停现象,且启动扭矩较大,如图3所示。
2056环共计推进121 mm,期间频繁出现刀盘跳停,刀盘启动扭矩最大至2 700 kN·m,掘进速度降低至20 mm/min以下,盾构机出现异常抖动并伴有异响,将铰接回收2 cm后,盾构机异响减小,无异常抖动。推力和扭矩变化趋势如图4所示。
经排查,在泥水站渣土场内找到2块花岗岩块,分流器内共发现数块花岗岩块,如图5所示,判断刀具接触到岩体,无法继续掘进,停机制定处置措施。
设计图纸显示,2056环停机点隧道断面地层为(含泥)粉细砂,盾尾后方16环即2040环处存在少量粉质黏土及砂土状强风化花岗岩,侵入高度约2.7 m,如图6所示。
根据补勘结果,钻孔SK3-23-21(补勘孔1)、SK3-23-22(补勘孔2)、SK3-23-23(补勘孔3)揭示<7-1>砂土状强风化花岗岩,其层顶标高(-22.42 m)低于隧道底部标高(-21.246 m),如图7所示。
图8所示,通过地面再次钻孔取芯的补充勘察,探明刀盘前方约14 m范围内存在两层花岗岩孤石。其中,第1层孤石侵入隧道约1.5 m,第2层位于隧底以下0.52 m。
取芯结果显示,孤石的平均饱和单轴抗压强度为100.8 MPa,表明其为强风化花岗岩中尚未完全风化的中等风化花岗岩,呈孤石群状态,单个孤石的厚度为0.5~2.1 m。
在本区间的泥水盾构作业中,初始配置的刀具均为撕裂刀。当遇到孤石群时,针对接触孤石外围的刀具进行了更换,改为单刃滚刀,但仍未能有效破碎岩石。考虑到盾构机的设备配置、地表环境以及孤石群的地质条件,常规的孤石爆破和密集钻孔等预处理工艺依然无法彻底消除孤石。在盾构穿越孤石群的过程中,刀具磨损及泥水管道堵塞的风险显著增加,导致盾构难以顺利推进。因此,在此类复杂工况下,首选采用孤石取出工艺,以避免孤石对盾构掘进的负面影响。常规的取石工艺主要包括旋挖取芯和人工挖孔等方法,见表1
经过对多种工艺的对比分析,为确保施工安全并实现总体工期的可控,孤石处理选择了旋挖取芯工艺。针对旋挖取石在处理过程中无法完全去除破碎小石块的局限性,提出了两项创新性处置工艺:一是“破碎岩石下压法”,二是“刀盘前方岩石推倒填坑法”。
这两项工艺的引入有助于提高孤石处理的效率,确保盾构施工的顺利进行。
图9展示了“破碎岩石加压法”的技术原理。该方法首先通过打拔机对旋挖区域的土体进行密实并加压处理,从而将细小的砂石颗粒由松散的状态压缩成紧密分布。接着,使用取砂钻头对已密实的土体进行旋挖作业,从而高效地挖取细小砂石。这一过程通过密实土体与旋挖技术的结合,有效提高了盾构施工中对复杂土层的挖掘效率和精度。
图10展示了“刀盘前方岩石推倒填坑法”的技术原理。该方法首先在旋挖孤石时,通过旋挖孔施工作为导槽进行开挖。导槽加固施工完成后,进行导槽的超挖作业。随后,缓慢推动盾构机,使盾构机前方的孤石被推入导槽内。接下来,通过全覆盖取石作业将导槽内的孤石彻底取出。最后,对超挖部分进行碎石回填,直至回填至隧道底部以上1 m的位置。
水塘水面标高为4.3 m,水深范围为1.8~2.5 m。首先,对盾构机上方及需处理的地面进行回填处理,采用砂土分层回填与压实,最后整平压实,以满足旋挖机作业的基本条件。由于水塘区域的土地属性限制,无法对作业区域进行场地硬化,因此采用建筑渣土铺设并进行压实,随后在其上铺设路基板以增强承载力。
在掘进方向长14 m、宽9 m的区域内布设旋挖孔。考虑到旋挖下钻的垂直偏差,并确保孤石群得到彻底清除,采用直径为1.5 m的旋挖孔,纵向和横向孔中心间距为1 m,孔间咬合为50 cm,共设置13排,每排9根桩,如图11所示。在隧道底以下1 m处,对于每排的3号和7号桩,如果钻至设计标高后未揭示砂土状强风化岩,则可以不施作1号、2号桩及8号、9号桩,从而减少不必要的开孔。这一措施有效加快了孤石处理的进度,节省了旋挖钻施工的工期,并降低了施工成本,如图12所示。
钢护筒的埋设采用旋挖引孔及打拔机压入的方式。待钻机就位后,向下慢速引孔5 m,再由打拔机配合将6 m的钢护筒压入。钢护筒侧边应填实,其筒口高度应高出地面500 mm,与孔位中心的偏差控制在50 mm以内,垂直度的偏差不得大于1/150。
在旋挖机扭矩变化、钻进无进尺的情况下,更换为牙轮钻进行磨岩,待岩石剥离后,再更换为取石钻头进行取石。当石头较小且无法用取石钻头取出时,采用“破碎岩石下压法”,并更换为取砂钻头将无法取出的石头下压至隧道开挖轮廓以下1 m。在石头取出或下压到位后,采用测绳和旋挖钻传感器两种测量手段确认孔底深度是否满足设计要求。
在确认孔深度无误后,进行砂浆灌注。砂浆配比为水:砂:粉煤灰:水泥=240∶700∶450∶50,其10 d强度为1.3 MPa,凝结时间约12 h。共计进行旋挖取石36孔,取石深度达到隧道开挖轮廓以下1 m。从第2排至第13排,补勘排查共计72孔,确保存在孤石群的区域得到全覆盖排查,保证该区域孤石全部取出。图13展示了旋挖和补勘的示意图。
刀盘前方第2排至第13排的孤石已通过“破碎岩石下压法”和旋挖法成功处理。然而,距离刀盘前30 cm的残余孤石由于旋挖技术的局限性无法取出。为避免后续掘进过程中可能出现的滞排问题,采用“刀盘前方岩石推倒填坑法”对剩余孤石进行处理。
采用泥浆护壁的旋挖技术形成槽体以取出孤石时,盾构机前端的孤石会掉入超挖沟槽。为解决此问题,在再次前顶后,对超挖部分的沟槽进行回填处理。
1)导槽施作与增强措施
在完成第2排钻孔灌注桩的施工后,开始在第1排钻孔灌注桩旁施作导槽。导槽的结构尺寸为宽度1.7 m、深度2 m和长度10 m,一侧与刀盘的外边缘齐平。为确保导槽施工的精度与稳定性,采用10 m×1.8 m的净空环形导墙进行加固,并在地面以下10 m进行槽壁注浆加固,如图14所示。第1排钻孔灌注桩的直径为1.5 m,深度为隧道下方2 m,施工分为下挖和取岩两个步骤。
2)孔位取土方案优化
优化第1排孔位的取土布置,确保邻孔之间不发生咬合。采用邻孔逐一取土的方式,分层以2 m的高度整体往下取土,从而有效规避旋挖取孔过程中出现的塌孔与埋钻问题,如图15所示。
3)孤石处理及超挖策略
在到达岩面后,调整取石孔位,采用咬合方式进行取石,以确保对孤石的全面覆盖。对于无法取出的较小孤石块,采取下压处理。孤石处理完成后,对孔槽进行2 m的超挖。
4)刀盘前方孤石推进处理
在孔槽内孤石全部取出并超挖至设定标高后,缓慢推进盾构机30 cm,将紧贴刀盘前方30 cm的孤石推出至孔槽区域,如图16所示。
5)二次旋挖取石及回填方案
采用1.2 m的旋挖取石钻头对槽内进行全覆盖的再次取石。对于无法取出的石头,使用捞砂钻头将其下压至开挖轮廓以下1 m。再次推进盾构机30 cm后,通过测绳确认孔槽底的标高,对超挖部分进行碎石回填,直至回填至最低隧道底部以上1 m。
刀盘前密贴孤石群经过旋挖取芯、破碎岩石下压法和刀盘前方岩石推倒填坑法的综合处置后,各项掘进参数指标恢复良好,未出现异常波动(图17),验证了该工艺在孤石群处理中的有效性,确保了无残留块石影响掘进,达到较为彻底的清理效果。随后,掘进过程分为以下两个关键阶段。
(1)刀盘前方第1排孔区段掘进。在恢复掘进时,遵循“慢速度、低转速、小贯入”的主动控制原则,以0.6 r/min的刀盘转速进行空转,推进速度控制在5 mm/min,刀盘扭矩始终小于2 500 kN·m,安全顺利地完成第1排孔区段的掘进,未出现参数异常现象。
(2)砂浆灌注桩段掘进。进入该段范围后,掘进速度控制在18~35 mm/min,刀盘转速为1.2 r/min,刀盘扭矩保持在2 000 kN·m以下,未发现参数异常情况。通过以上措施,确保了掘进的稳定性和安全性。
(1)通过福州滨海快线项目滨中区间右线盾构施工的实践验证,这两项技术成功解决了突遇孤石群情况下旋挖取石的局限性问题,有效处理了破碎小块石及紧邻刀盘的孤石,避免了后续掘进中刀盘刀具磨损和滞排问题的发生,从而保障了盾构安全顺利通过。
(2)基于常规旋挖取芯工艺,研究提出的创新技术进一步降低了刀盘刀具的磨损风险,减少了带压开仓检查更换刀具的次数,显著缩短了施工工期约22 d,提升了经济效益约百余万元。
(3)本文提出的技术方法具有对周围环境影响小、施工效率高、孤石清理彻底、兼容性强及高安全性等优点,可为同类工程提供有效的参考与借鉴。
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2025年第25卷第11期
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  • 接收时间:2024-11-24
  • 首发时间:2025-12-12
  • 出版时间:2025-06-10
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    中国交建轨道交通分公司, 福州 350000
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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