Article(id=1206288131964338870, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, issueId=1206288129569387042, articleNumber=1671-1807(2025)11-0155-10, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1730390400000, receivedDateStr=2024-11-01, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1765531102410, onlineDateStr=2025-12-12, pubDate=1749484800000, pubDateStr=2025-06-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1765531102410, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-12, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1765531102410, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1765531102410, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1206288129569387042, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, year='2025', volume='25', issue='11', pageStart='1', pageEnd='389', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1765531101838, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1765531429788, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1206289505120744207, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, issueId=1206288129569387042, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1206289505120744208, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, issueId=1206288129569387042, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=155, endPage=164, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1206288135361725128, articleId=1206288131964338870, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, language=EN, title=Analysis on Commodity and Sales Characteristics of Online Blueberry Processed Products Based on E-commerce Data, columnId=1151877660386357290, journalTitle=Science Technology and Industry, columnName=Industrial Development, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The blueberry industry in China has experienced rapid development over the past 20 years, and the blueberry processing industry has become an important means to extend the blueberry industry chain and increase industrial added value. With the development of agricultural E-commerce, online platforms have become crucial for selling blueberry processed products. Product details and sales information for three main types of blueberry processed products on the JD platform were obtained, including blueberry jam, blueberry wine, and frozen blueberry. Through data preprocessing and analysis, the typical commodity features of these three processed products were extracted, the sales situations were compared and analyzed and the market preferences for blueberry processed products were explored. The results showed that coverage of China on imported blueberry processed products is low, and domestically products dominate in both quantity and sales volume. The blueberry jam market is stable, and the quality and market share of domestic brands have certain advantages. The unit price of products is relatively concentrated, and the packaging forms are diverse, which meets the market demand. Blueberry wine is a niche category but holds market potential. The price differences between different brands are significant, and their packaging forms and bottle capacities are mostly the same. Consumers are more inclined to purchase products with medium or low price. As for frozen blueberry, there are fewer well-known brands. Consumers prefer low-and mid-priced products, and the quality and brand of imported products are more advantageous. Finally, according to the research conclusions, some suggestions are put forward on the development of blueberry industry, in order to achieve sustainable and healthy development of blueberry industry in the future.

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中国蓝莓产业在过去20多年中得到了快速发展,蓝莓加工业则成为延长蓝莓产业链、增加产业附加值的重要方式。随着农产品电子商务的发展,电商平台已经成为重要的蓝莓加工品销售渠道。获取京东平台上蓝莓酱、蓝莓酒以及蓝莓冷冻果3种主要的蓝莓加工品的商品详情和销售信息,通过数据预处理和数据分析,提取3种蓝莓加工品的典型商品属性特征,比较分析不同产品的销售情况,并挖掘蓝莓加工品的市场偏好。结果显示:中国蓝莓加工品的进口覆盖率不高,国产蓝莓加工品在数量和销售量上占据主导地位;蓝莓酱市场稳固,国产品牌的质量和市场份额具有一定优势,产品单价较为集中,包装形式多样,符合市场需求;蓝莓酒属于小众品类,但具有市场潜力,其品牌价格差异较大,包装形式和单瓶容量基本统一,消费者更倾向于购买中低价位区间的产品;蓝莓冷冻果的知名品牌较少,消费者更倾向于中低价位产品,进口产品的品质和品牌优势更明显。最后,根据研究结论提出了蓝莓产业发展的相关建议,以期未来蓝莓产业能得到持续健康的发展。

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穆维松(1967—),女,江苏连云港人,博士,教授,研究方向为农业大数据分析与智能决策。
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张慧(1998—),女,安徽芜湖人,硕士研究生,研究方向为计算机应用技术;

田东(1972—),女,天津人,博士,副教授,研究方向为农业大数据分析与智能决策;

冯建英(1982—),女,陕西宝鸡人,博士,副教授,研究方向为农业大数据分析与智能决策。

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张慧(1998—),女,安徽芜湖人,硕士研究生,研究方向为计算机应用技术;

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张慧(1998—),女,安徽芜湖人,硕士研究生,研究方向为计算机应用技术;

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田东(1972—),女,天津人,博士,副教授,研究方向为农业大数据分析与智能决策;

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田东(1972—),女,天津人,博士,副教授,研究方向为农业大数据分析与智能决策;

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冯建英(1982—),女,陕西宝鸡人,博士,副教授,研究方向为农业大数据分析与智能决策。

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figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
加工品种类 处理前商品数据总数 处理后商品数据总数
蓝莓酱 28 370 19 273
蓝莓酒 1 260 1 017
蓝莓冷冻果 550 424
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京东商城在售蓝莓加工品数据

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加工品种类 处理前商品数据总数 处理后商品数据总数
蓝莓酱 28 370 19 273
蓝莓酒 1 260 1 017
蓝莓冷冻果 550 424
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品牌名 进口/
国产
包装形式 单件商品
总净含量
/g
单件商
品价格/
折合单
价/元
销量
曼莎 进口 玻璃瓶装 340 26.90 79.12 200 000+
嘉丽 进口 玻璃瓶装 320 29.30 91.56 100 000+
德宝 进口 玻璃瓶装 250 31.80 127.20 50 000+
美茵塔尔 进口 玻璃瓶装 340 34.90 102.65 20 000+
味好美 进口 玻璃瓶装 170 13.80 81.18 20 000+
英雄 进口 小份盒装 426 49.80 116.90 10 000+
R.J.T 进口 玻璃瓶装 375 99 264.00 5 000+
缇树 进口 玻璃瓶装 340 38 111.76 2 000+
喜璐 进口 玻璃瓶装 250 33.90 135.60 200+
丘比** 国产 玻璃瓶装 340 26.90 79.12 500 000+
云山半 国产 玻璃瓶装 150 9.80 65.33 100 000+
百利 国产 玻璃瓶装 150 12.46 83.07 50 000+
仲景 国产 玻璃瓶装 180 14.90 82.78 5 000+
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蓝莓酱部分商品

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品牌名 进口/
国产
包装形式 单件商品
总净含量
/g
单件商
品价格/
折合单
价/元
销量
曼莎 进口 玻璃瓶装 340 26.90 79.12 200 000+
嘉丽 进口 玻璃瓶装 320 29.30 91.56 100 000+
德宝 进口 玻璃瓶装 250 31.80 127.20 50 000+
美茵塔尔 进口 玻璃瓶装 340 34.90 102.65 20 000+
味好美 进口 玻璃瓶装 170 13.80 81.18 20 000+
英雄 进口 小份盒装 426 49.80 116.90 10 000+
R.J.T 进口 玻璃瓶装 375 99 264.00 5 000+
缇树 进口 玻璃瓶装 340 38 111.76 2 000+
喜璐 进口 玻璃瓶装 250 33.90 135.60 200+
丘比** 国产 玻璃瓶装 340 26.90 79.12 500 000+
云山半 国产 玻璃瓶装 150 9.80 65.33 100 000+
百利 国产 玻璃瓶装 150 12.46 83.07 50 000+
仲景 国产 玻璃瓶装 180 14.90 82.78 5 000+
), ArticleFig(id=1207055655010127997, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, articleId=1206288131964338870, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
品牌名 进口/国产 包装形式 单件商品总净
含量/mL
单件商品
价格/元
单价/元 销量/件
乌拉纳茨 进口 玻璃瓶装 750 79 79 2 000+
BENCH1775 进口 玻璃瓶装 375 188 188 100+
洛黛谷ESSENCE 进口 玻璃瓶装 750 59.90 59.90 15
通明山 国产 玻璃瓶装 3 000 78 13 50 000+
圣雪山 国产 玻璃瓶装 750 129 129 50 000+
伊村山野 国产 玻璃瓶装 500 208 208 5 000+
茅台遇见·蓝雪 国产 玻璃瓶装 450 179 179 5 000+
茅台遇见·丹红 国产 玻璃瓶装 550 189 189 2 000+
茅台遇见·灿烂 国产 玻璃瓶装 750 899 899 2 000+
誉宾 国产 塑料桶装 2 500 59 59 2 000+
万通天露 国产 玻璃瓶装 1 460 98 49 1 000+
林海雪原 国产 玻璃瓶装 1 500 188 47 1 000+
忠芝 国产 玻璃瓶装 3 000 238 59.5 100+
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蓝莓酒部分商品详情

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
品牌名 进口/国产 包装形式 单件商品总净
含量/mL
单件商品
价格/元
单价/元 销量/件
乌拉纳茨 进口 玻璃瓶装 750 79 79 2 000+
BENCH1775 进口 玻璃瓶装 375 188 188 100+
洛黛谷ESSENCE 进口 玻璃瓶装 750 59.90 59.90 15
通明山 国产 玻璃瓶装 3 000 78 13 50 000+
圣雪山 国产 玻璃瓶装 750 129 129 50 000+
伊村山野 国产 玻璃瓶装 500 208 208 5 000+
茅台遇见·蓝雪 国产 玻璃瓶装 450 179 179 5 000+
茅台遇见·丹红 国产 玻璃瓶装 550 189 189 2 000+
茅台遇见·灿烂 国产 玻璃瓶装 750 899 899 2 000+
誉宾 国产 塑料桶装 2 500 59 59 2 000+
万通天露 国产 玻璃瓶装 1 460 98 49 1 000+
林海雪原 国产 玻璃瓶装 1 500 188 47 1 000+
忠芝 国产 玻璃瓶装 3 000 238 59.5 100+
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品牌名 进口/
国产
单件商品
总重量/
kg
单件商
品价格/
折合单
价/元
销量/
Sam’s SOUTHERN
SUN
进口 1.36 71.88 52.85 20 000+
Oxford 进口 2 339 169.50 200+
东味仙 国产 0.57 35.90 62.98 2 000+
水果兄弟 国产 1 35 35 2 000+
素坊(Sofine) 国产 1 71 71 100+
采缇(CAITI) 国产 2.5 428 171.20 79
卫赞 国产 1 33.80 33.80 60
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蓝莓冷冻果部分商品详情

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品牌名 进口/
国产
单件商品
总重量/
kg
单件商
品价格/
折合单
价/元
销量/
Sam’s SOUTHERN
SUN
进口 1.36 71.88 52.85 20 000+
Oxford 进口 2 339 169.50 200+
东味仙 国产 0.57 35.90 62.98 2 000+
水果兄弟 国产 1 35 35 2 000+
素坊(Sofine) 国产 1 71 71 100+
采缇(CAITI) 国产 2.5 428 171.20 79
卫赞 国产 1 33.80 33.80 60
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基于电商数据的蓝莓加工品在线销售商品特征分析
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张慧 1 , 田东 1 , 冯建英 1 , 穆维松 1, 2
科技和产业 | 产业发展 2025,25(11): 155-164
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科技和产业 | 产业发展 2025, 25(11): 155-164
基于电商数据的蓝莓加工品在线销售商品特征分析
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张慧1, 田东1, 冯建英1, 穆维松1, 2
作者信息
  • 1 中国农业大学信息与电气工程学院, 北京 100083
  • 2 农业农村部葡萄酒加工重点实验室, 北京 100083
  • 张慧(1998—),女,安徽芜湖人,硕士研究生,研究方向为计算机应用技术;

    田东(1972—),女,天津人,博士,副教授,研究方向为农业大数据分析与智能决策;

    冯建英(1982—),女,陕西宝鸡人,博士,副教授,研究方向为农业大数据分析与智能决策。

通讯作者:

穆维松(1967—),女,江苏连云港人,博士,教授,研究方向为农业大数据分析与智能决策。
Analysis on Commodity and Sales Characteristics of Online Blueberry Processed Products Based on E-commerce Data
Hui ZHANG1, Dong TIAN1, Jianying FENG1, Weisong MU1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1 College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
  • 2 Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China
出版时间: 2025-06-10
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中国蓝莓产业在过去20多年中得到了快速发展,蓝莓加工业则成为延长蓝莓产业链、增加产业附加值的重要方式。随着农产品电子商务的发展,电商平台已经成为重要的蓝莓加工品销售渠道。获取京东平台上蓝莓酱、蓝莓酒以及蓝莓冷冻果3种主要的蓝莓加工品的商品详情和销售信息,通过数据预处理和数据分析,提取3种蓝莓加工品的典型商品属性特征,比较分析不同产品的销售情况,并挖掘蓝莓加工品的市场偏好。结果显示:中国蓝莓加工品的进口覆盖率不高,国产蓝莓加工品在数量和销售量上占据主导地位;蓝莓酱市场稳固,国产品牌的质量和市场份额具有一定优势,产品单价较为集中,包装形式多样,符合市场需求;蓝莓酒属于小众品类,但具有市场潜力,其品牌价格差异较大,包装形式和单瓶容量基本统一,消费者更倾向于购买中低价位区间的产品;蓝莓冷冻果的知名品牌较少,消费者更倾向于中低价位产品,进口产品的品质和品牌优势更明显。最后,根据研究结论提出了蓝莓产业发展的相关建议,以期未来蓝莓产业能得到持续健康的发展。

蓝莓  /  蓝莓加工品  /  电商平台  /  商品特征  /  销售特征

The blueberry industry in China has experienced rapid development over the past 20 years, and the blueberry processing industry has become an important means to extend the blueberry industry chain and increase industrial added value. With the development of agricultural E-commerce, online platforms have become crucial for selling blueberry processed products. Product details and sales information for three main types of blueberry processed products on the JD platform were obtained, including blueberry jam, blueberry wine, and frozen blueberry. Through data preprocessing and analysis, the typical commodity features of these three processed products were extracted, the sales situations were compared and analyzed and the market preferences for blueberry processed products were explored. The results showed that coverage of China on imported blueberry processed products is low, and domestically products dominate in both quantity and sales volume. The blueberry jam market is stable, and the quality and market share of domestic brands have certain advantages. The unit price of products is relatively concentrated, and the packaging forms are diverse, which meets the market demand. Blueberry wine is a niche category but holds market potential. The price differences between different brands are significant, and their packaging forms and bottle capacities are mostly the same. Consumers are more inclined to purchase products with medium or low price. As for frozen blueberry, there are fewer well-known brands. Consumers prefer low-and mid-priced products, and the quality and brand of imported products are more advantageous. Finally, according to the research conclusions, some suggestions are put forward on the development of blueberry industry, in order to achieve sustainable and healthy development of blueberry industry in the future.

blueberry  /  blueberry processed products  /  E-commerce platform  /  commodity characteristics  /  sales characteristics
张慧, 田东, 冯建英, 穆维松. 基于电商数据的蓝莓加工品在线销售商品特征分析. 科技和产业, 2025 , 25 (11) : 155 -164 .
Hui ZHANG, Dong TIAN, Jianying FENG, Weisong MU. Analysis on Commodity and Sales Characteristics of Online Blueberry Processed Products Based on E-commerce Data[J]. Science Technology and Industry, 2025 , 25 (11) : 155 -164 .
根据国际蓝莓协会(Blueberry International Organization, IBO)2023年发布的全球蓝莓产业数据,全球蓝莓栽培面积仍在不断扩大,2022年总面积已达到24.855万hm2。全球蓝莓鲜果产量继续保持增长态势,中国仍然是亚洲地区的主要贡献者。蓝莓不仅是一种深受消费者喜爱的鲜食水果,同时蓝莓的深度开发也具有巨大的市场潜力[1]。蓝莓加工成为延长蓝莓产业链、提高产业附加值、丰富蓝莓市场供给的重要方式,有效连接着上游生产环节和下游销售环节,可使整个蓝莓产业得到迅速发展[2-3]
IBO数据显示,2022年中国蓝莓产量为52.5万t,其中26.7万t用于加工,蓝莓加工率达50.9%,而在美国的27.8万t蓝莓中,11.8t吨用于加工,中国已超越美国成为全球最大蓝莓主产国和蓝莓加工国。但与发达国家相比,由于中国蓝莓果树种植较晚,蓝莓加工产品的开发研究仍处于初级发展阶段[4]。蓝莓加工品可分为初加工品和深加工品,初加工即加工程度浅且层次少,主要包括蓝莓冷冻果和蓝莓原浆等,这些初加工产品可直接食用,也可作为蓝莓深加工品的原料,蓝莓深加工品则主要包括蓝莓酒、蓝莓酱、蓝莓汁等,相比之下,目前市场上流通的蓝莓深加工产品种类繁多,更具有市场效益[5]
目前,学术界对蓝莓加工业及加工品的关注点主要集中于产业发展和加工工艺等方面[6-7]。关于产业发展的文献主要包括全球或全国蓝莓产业概况以及发展趋势、某一地区的蓝莓产业发展现状及优势、各蓝莓加工品的市场价值及产业前景、蓝莓市场的消费者偏好等[8-12]。加工工艺相关文献主要涉及各产品加工过程中的关键技术改良、蓝莓农副产品废弃物的开发利用等[13-16]然而现有研究中仍缺乏基于大量翔实市场数据的产品销售特征分析。因此,本文以电商平台商品详情数据为基础,选取销售量大的蓝莓酱、电商平台商品数据较为规范的蓝莓酒以及初加工产品中的蓝莓冷冻果为代表,深入挖掘蓝莓加工品在线销售的商品特征,并对进口商品和国产商品分类统计[17]。从不同品牌的商品特征差异、不同价格区间的商品分布及销售情况、不同包装形式的商品分布及销售情况等进行详细分析,并基于研究结果提出针对蓝莓产业发展的相关建议,旨在为蓝莓加工业提供丰富的市场数据信息,辅助其生产经营决策,促进产业持续健康发展。
利用Python爬虫模块,获取京东商城平台截至2023年9月的蓝莓加工品销售数据,分别以“蓝莓酱”“蓝莓酒”“蓝莓冷冻果”为关键词对京东平台上所售的相关商品进行搜索,按照销售量从高到低对搜索结果进行筛选和排序。
对于商品总数量不超过100页的,使用Python程序直接爬取总页数的商品,其中蓝莓冷冻果商品有9页,共550项商品数据;蓝莓酒商品有21页,共1 260项商品数据。对于商品总数量超过100页的,先使用京东的价格区间筛选功能进行划分,再使用Python程序分批进行爬取,因此对蓝莓酱商品价格区间划分6次,进行了6次爬取共获得28 370项商品数据。将获取到的数据均保存到Excel中,除了商品的详情数据、价格数据以及销量数据外,还保存了每个商品的统一资源定位符(uniform resource locator, URL)用于后期核验。
为保证数据质量,防止无意义数据对研究结果产生影响,对数据进行了筛选清洗以及核验填充[18]。筛选清洗主要针对可能存在的歧义数据,利用商品数据标题中存在的歧义词对数据进行剔除,如对于蓝莓酱商品,发现搜索出了一些商品名称中包含相关关键词但实际为服装的商品。因此将“服装”作为歧义词进行筛选,并不断对相关情况进行人工检查,实现歧义数据的清洗;核验填充主要针对数据异常以及空缺等问题,电商平台存在商家随意填写或填错商品信息的情况,需要根据商品详情信息进行核验和修改;数据空缺情况则更为常见,对于空缺值较多的属性进行删除,而对空缺值较少或者存在异常数据的属性,利用上文保存的商品URL进行人工核验或补充。
经处理后,一共获取京东商城蓝莓加工品数据30 180条,包含蓝莓酱、蓝莓酒和冷冻果3种商品。以上各蓝莓加工品数据处理前后情况见表1
在数据汇总筛选之后,利用Excel实现对数据的进一步处理。对于单件商品的总重量或总净含量等数据,实现单位的统一;对于包装形式,确保其表达方式一致;基于单件商品的总重量和价格,计算其折合单价,以提高数据的可比性;同样,在已知单件商品总净含量、单瓶容量和价格的基础上,计算其折合单价。针对上述数据进行数据挖掘,对京东商城在售蓝莓加工品的销售特征进行深入分析,以揭示其销售特征和市场行情。
按产品属于国产或进口进行来源分类,上述3类蓝莓加工品的在售商品总数和总销量统计占比如图1图2所示。
图1图2进行分析比较可得知:3种蓝莓加工品中,无论是在售商品总数还是总销量,国产产品都明显高于进口,其中蓝莓冷冻果的国产和进口销量差异较小。总体而言,中国蓝莓加工品的进口覆盖率不高,国产蓝莓加工品在市场占有率和市场销售中占据主导地位。
对京东在售蓝莓酱,由销量排名并按品牌分类对部分商品数据进行整理,见表2
根据表2的数据分析可知,高销量商品中,无论是进口还是国产品牌,大多数蓝莓酱的售价都介于10~35元/瓶,且包装形式大部分为玻璃瓶装。价格较高的如进口品牌R.J.T的蓝莓酱,售价为99元/瓶,单瓶含量为375 g,折合单价超过其余品牌一倍以上。R.J.T品牌产品的高价位与品质有着必然联系,其所在公司是一家从产品研发、种植到销售为一体的专业公司,R.J.T果酱不仅富含高含量A级蓝莓果肉,还采用了加拿大特产槭树糖浆替代了蔗糖,品牌产品主打高含量花青素和纯天然无添加,是加拿大的知名蓝莓果酱品牌。在其官网上,还有更高品质更高价位的蓝莓酱产品可供选择。
同时,在商品销量为万件以上的蓝莓酱品牌中,进口品牌有7个而国产品牌有4个,进口品牌数量多于国产的。进口品牌中,以曼莎、嘉丽和德宝等为代表的知名品牌在长期发展过程所具备的稳定品质和优良品牌形象,使它们成为消费者在购买进口蓝莓酱时的首要选择,这些品牌在进口蓝莓酱市场中占据了一定地位。近年来,国内陆续涌现出了众多轻食品牌,如2021年创建的云山半品牌,其有着低脂低糖健康新选择的年轻化品牌基调,能很好地迎合如今消费者的健康饮食需求。这一类新兴品牌的出现与发展证明国产蓝莓酱不再局限于丘比和百利等老品牌,反映了中国蓝莓产业的持续发展和对消费者需求的更深入理解。
由于包装形式及包装容量多种多样,且大部分商品详情页所标识的净含量数据与实际商品不相符,无法直接折合成相同净含量下对应的价格,因此将蓝莓酱产品数据按价格区间进行分类,并对在售商品总数以及总销量进行统计描述,如图3~图5所示。
综合图3中各价格区间的在售国产和进口蓝莓酱商品数量,以及图4图5中国产和进口各价格区间的产品销量数据,可以得到以下市场分析结论:蓝莓酱由于包装形式和单瓶容量不同等原因,定价范围较广。对于国产蓝莓酱,在售商品数量主要集中在25~75元/件这一价格区间内,然而从图4可以看出,消费者更倾向于购买20元/件以下和45~50元/件这两个价位的商品,二者销量之和共占国产商品总销量的83.75%。对于进口蓝莓酱,同样也是25~75元/件这一价格区间内的在售商品数量更多。但从图5可以看出,消费者更倾向于购买35~45元/件和55~60元/件这两个价位的商品,二者销量之和共占进口商品总销量的64.21%。其中,在价格低于60元/件的范围内,大部分蓝莓酱的销售单位为1~5瓶或罐,因此,大多数单瓶或单罐的蓝莓酱价格在10~30元,而其单价通常与单瓶含量相关。所以总体而言,蓝莓酱在单位价格上的差异并不明显。
针对产品的外包装,对进口和国产蓝莓酱进行分类统计,如图6图7所示。
通过综合分析图6图7中各包装形式的在售商品总数及销量数据,并结合实际市场情况,得出以下市场分析结论:蓝莓酱作为一种多功能食品,其包装形式往往与使用场景密切相关。玻璃瓶装产品通常具有精致包装和较小容量,广泛应用于家庭消费市场,如作为早餐面包或吐司的涂抹酱料,因此,不论是国产还是进口产品,玻璃瓶装蓝莓酱在售商品数量均最多。罐装蓝莓酱一部分常用作烘焙原料或辅助果酱,如添加到沙冰、冰淇淋和奶茶中,同时有部分商家将玻璃瓶装产品归类到罐装中,导致这两者在部分数据中难以明确区分。从图7可以观察到,国产商品中,罐装和玻璃瓶装的销量之和占国产总销量的91.98%,而进口商品中,这两种包装形式的销量之和占进口总销量的82.25%。桶装、袋装以及塑料瓶装通常具有更大的容量,价格相对较低且品质一般,主要面向夜市小摊、甜品店和面包店等商业场所,作为商用食品原料销售。盒装产品多为进口商品,分为单独小盒装和大盒装两种形式,相比较而言,单独小盒装容量适当且更为便携,因此更受消费者青睐。
对京东在售蓝莓酒,由销量排名并按品牌分类对部分商品数据进行整理,见表3
根据表3的数据可知,大部分蓝莓酒的价格区间集中在40~200元/瓶。其中,茅台悠蜜的遇见·灿烂等高品质酒款售价达899元/瓶,而通明山品牌的蓝莓酒则仅售价13元/瓶,尽管价格较低,但在京东平台上销量和消费者反馈均亮眼。就国产蓝莓酒而言,值得关注的有北极冰蓝莓庄园有限公司,该公司在大兴安岭拥有独立的野生蓝莓基地,并于2008年创建了北极冰蓝莓酒庄,集产品研发、果酒酿造、观光旅游和休闲度假为一体,成为首个以蓝莓为主题的酒庄。尽管北极冰以大兴安岭自然条件下生长的野生蓝莓为原料,并采用引进的加拿大果酒酿造工艺,充分发挥了其原料和技术优势,但在京东平台上却缺乏相应的销售渠道和推广策略,以致消费者难以获取有关该品牌及其产品的详细信息。
综合分析可见,蓝莓酒在价格分布上存在较大差异,单瓶含量大小多样,但大多采用常见的瓶装规格,如750、375、500 mL。就包装形式而言,主要以玻璃瓶装为主,呈现出较高的统一性。
将蓝莓酒产品按单价区间进行分类,并对在售商品总数以及总销量进行统计描述,如图8~图10所示。
分析图8中各价格区间的在售国产和进口蓝莓酒数量可以得出:蓝莓酒的定价因品牌和单瓶含量等因素而广泛分布。进口蓝莓酒在售商品总数相对较少,其中高于100元/瓶的中高价位商品占比较高;相比较而言,国产蓝莓酒的价格大多集中在50元/瓶左右,25~75元/瓶这一较低价位的在售商品总数占据了国产商品总数的41.15%。细分国产和进口产品价格后发现,进口产品的价格主要集中在中高价位区间,而国产产品各个价位均有分布,其中较低价区和中等价位区的商品数较多。
分析图9图10中国产和进口蓝莓酒各价格区间的产品销量数据可以发现:对于国产蓝莓酒,75元/瓶以下和75~150元/瓶这两个价位的商品总销量占比相近。在75元/瓶以下的低价位和较低价位中,15~25元/瓶这一低价位区间的蓝莓酒销量最高;而在75~150元/瓶的中等和中高价位中,75~85、85~100、100~125、125~150元/瓶这4个价格区间的蓝莓酒销量相近,分别约占全部国产商品总销量的12%。对于进口蓝莓酒,则在75~80元/瓶这一中等价位区间的销量最高,占进口商品总销量的54.35%。这些数据表明,目前蓝莓酒市场中,国产蓝莓酒的各价格区间内的销量分布较为分散,而进口蓝莓酒中,消费者更倾向于购买75~80元/瓶这一价格区间内的产品,这一价位在总体价格分布中属于中低范围的价格区间。
针对产品的外包装,对进口和国产蓝莓酒进行分类统计,如图11图12所示。
蓝莓酒有多种种类,包括果酒、起泡酒和发酵酒等,其包装形式常与蓝莓酒的类型和容量等因素相关。例如,坛装的蓝莓酒通常是低度的女士果酒,其卖点在于精美的包装;而桶装的蓝莓酒则一般是大容量2.5 L的蓝莓发酵酒。此外,礼盒装和箱装多为多瓶装蓝莓酒的组合销售。通过对图11图12中各包装形式的在售商品总数以及商品销量数据的分析可以得知:进口蓝莓酒主要采用瓶装形式,而国产蓝莓酒则有少量采用坛装或桶装。不过意料之中,无论是国产还是进口蓝莓酒,瓶装的商品总销量都是最高的。这一趋势反映了消费者对于方便使用和保质期控制较好的瓶装产品的偏好。
针对蓝莓酒的单瓶容量,对进口和国产蓝莓酒进行分类统计,如图13图14所示。
分析图13图14中各单瓶容量的在售商品总数以及商品销量数据可知:蓝莓酒的单瓶容量呈现出多样性,范围从最小的180 mL/瓶到最大的5 L/瓶不等。但总的来说,在京东平台上,还是以750、500、375 mL/瓶为代表的常见容量占据主导地位。以国产蓝莓酒为例,750 mL/瓶的在售商品总数占总商品数的51.07%,销量占总销量的47.09%。而至于其他商品数量较少的瓶装容量规格,是某些特定品牌所独有的瓶装容量,如万通品牌的蓝莓酒大多是730 mL/瓶。由于具有品牌效应,因此每种不同容量的蓝莓酒都具备一定的销售量。至于进口蓝莓酒,750 mL/瓶的在售商品数量和销量均居首位,销量占进口蓝莓酒总销量的90.11%。这表明消费者对于这一标准化酒瓶容量的蓝莓酒有着较高的偏好和需求。
对京东在售的蓝莓冷冻果,由销量排名并按品牌分类对部分商品数据进行整理,见表4
表4可以看出,蓝莓冷冻果国内外知名品牌较少,销量最高的品牌是进口品牌Sam’s SOUTHERN SUN,该品牌的销量遥遥领先于其他品牌,其次是国产品牌东味鲜和水果兄弟。进口品牌和国产品牌没有明显的价格水平差异,虽然总体来看国产品牌总销量更高,但是相近价位的进口蓝莓冷冻果的单件商品销量明显高于国产产品。
销量第一的Sam’s SOUTHERN SUN冷冻果源自智利进口,具备强大的市场竞争力。作为沃尔玛旗下的高端会员商店,Sam’s(山姆会员商店)依托其庞大的资源网络,精选出全球范围内品质优良、性价比高的产品,并采用大包装低利润的策略,实现了“优质优价”的理念,同时也利用电商平台扩大业务覆盖范围[19]。在京东平台上,SOUTHERN SUN智利冷冻果作为山姆旗舰店的主打商品之一,不仅价格合理,非会员也可购买,同时京东提供的物流和售后保障进一步确保了产品质量和购物体验,因此在蓝莓冷冻果销量中稳居榜首[20]。中国零售商也在加速布局会员制市场,如阿里巴巴旗下的盒马鲜生和华润旗下的ole精品超市,这对山姆会员店构成了一定的挑战[21]。以盒马为例,盒马相比于山姆,提供了更多种类的商品且分量更小,更符合国内消费者的口味偏好和购物习惯。然而,盒马更侧重于新鲜时蔬水果,对于冷冻果的市场定位仍有待提升,也缺乏对高品质国产蓝莓冷冻果的宣传和推广。因此,Sam’s SOUTHERN SUN智利进口蓝莓冷冻果凭借其品质保障、品牌效应以及价格合理性,在市场竞争中吸引了众多消费者的青睐。
另一值得关注的进口品牌Oxford是加拿大野生蓝莓冷冻果品牌,隶属于牛津冷冻食品集团(Oxford Frozen Foods Limited),该集团是全球最大的冷冻蓝莓生产商之一。Oxford品牌蓝莓原产地为加拿大牛津镇,该地素有“加拿大野生蓝莓之都”的美誉,其野生蓝莓产量占全球总产量的55%,并以专业的产品线长期向全球多家大型食品公司供应冷冻野生蓝莓。野生蓝莓相较于普通蓝莓,果粒更小但营养价值更高,由于种植条件苛刻无法实现大规模种植,因而价格较为昂贵。在中国,大兴安岭等地区也有丰富的野生蓝莓资源,当地采取人工繁育和野生保护相结合的策略以实现可持续发展。同时为推动蓝莓产业的系统化发展,建立了多家蓝莓生产加工企业,推出了冷冻果和蓝莓酒等系列产品。将Oxford品牌产品对标国内采缇(CAITI)品牌的大兴安岭野生蓝莓冷冻果,发现二者价格相近但进口产品销量明显高于国产产品。
进口蓝莓产品的优势主要在于品质保障和品牌效应。中国蓝莓产业应该通过提供高质量、高标准的产品来与国外蓝莓冷冻果竞争,并在此基础上发挥价格和物流优势,打造中国蓝莓冷冻果品牌,以拉动整个产业的发展。
将蓝莓冷冻果产品数据按单价区间进行分类,并对在售商品总数以及总销量进行统计描述,如图15图16所示。
分析图15中各价格区间的在售国产和进口蓝莓冷冻果数量数据可以得出:大部分蓝莓冷冻果的价格定位都在200元/kg以下,共占在售商品总数的80.66%。在国产产品中,50~100元/kg和100~150元/kg的价格区间分别占据了41.85%和21.48%;而进口产品中,这两个价格区间的占比分别是29.22%和41.56%。细分国产和进口产品价格发现,进口产品价格主要集中在中等和中高价位区间,而国产产品在低价区、较低价区和最高价区的分布均高于进口,因而国产冷冻蓝莓果的价格分布更分散。
图16中各价格区间的产品销量数据可以看出:无论是国产还是进口冷冻果,消费者都更倾向于购买50元/kg左右的中等价位产品。其中,40~75元/kg的国产商品销量占国产总销量的60.11%,而75~100元/kg的中高价位产品销量也相对较多。进口冷冻品蓝莓果的销量几乎全部集中在50~75元/kg的价格区间,主要原因是Sam’s SOUTHERN SUN品牌的产品定价中等且品质有保障,因此销量最高。结合蓝莓鲜果市场实际情况来看,大部分普通品质的鲜食蓝莓价格约为120元/kg,相比之下蓝莓冷冻果的价格并不算高,因而消费者对价格并不十分敏感,对中等价位和中高价位产品的接受度较高。因此,从业者应积极通过创新提升产品品质、丰富产品内涵,以吸引更多消费者。
通过获取京东在线商城上的蓝莓加工品商品详情以及销售数据,针对蓝莓冷冻果、蓝莓酒以及蓝莓酱3种加工品进行了具体分析,以揭示其销售特征和受到的市场影响。
(1)蓝莓酱作为备受欢迎的果酱,市场份额稳固,在国内外拥有多个知名品牌。其单品销售价格通常与包装规格和容量相关,因此单瓶价格差异较小。产品的包装形式通常与其用途密切相关,市场上提供了多样化的包装形式,以满足广泛的消费者需求。随着市场对低脂、无添加的产品需求日益增加,0脂肪蓝莓酱以“健康”“无添加”“富含花青素”等关键词进行推广,在上市后获得了市场的广泛认可。
(2)蓝莓酒尽管在目前市场中具备一定的销售渠道和知名度,但相对而言,其仍属于小众酒类品种,通常作为养生酒进行促销,或与葡萄酒等捆绑销售。蓝莓酒的国内外知名品牌相对较少,不同品牌的价格差异较大,产品的单瓶容量规格多样,但包装形式则相对统一,多采用玻璃瓶装。销售数据显示,无论是进口还是国产蓝莓酒,消费者都更倾向于购买中低价格区间的产品。考虑到蓝莓酒独特的口味和养生功效,其市场潜力巨大,但仍需进一步发展。
(3)蓝莓冷冻果是蓝莓的初加工产品,国内外知名品牌较少。尽管国产种植蓝莓(如云南蓝莓)和国产野生蓝莓(如大兴安岭蓝莓)在品质上并不逊色于进口蓝莓,但进口蓝莓冷冻果的单件商品销量却明显高于国产。中国企业应聚焦品质保障和品牌效应的提升,通过提供高质量、高标准的产品来与国外竞争。
(4)无论是在售商品数量还是总销售量方面,这3种国产蓝莓加工品远远超过进口产品,呈现出明显的市场优势。除以上蓝莓加工品外,还有蓝莓原浆、蓝莓干、蓝莓汁、蓝莓乳制品和蓝莓保健食品等多种有发展潜力的蓝莓加工品[22]。中国蓝莓产业发展起步晚,深加工产品种类少且技术有待改进,果渣等加工副产物的综合利用程度也不高[23-24]
(1)针对蓝莓酱市场的未来发展,提出以下几点建议:①整合产业链。国产蓝莓酱品牌应整合蓝莓种植、加工和销售环节,提升产业链效率和减少成本,如自建蓝莓种植基地,通过育种丰富品种结构,培养加工专用品种[25]。②多样化产品创新。有效进行消费者偏好市场调研,依据需求研发低糖或无糖版本、混合口味,以及蓝莓果肉酱等多样化产品。③拓展国际市场。通过与国外经销商及电商平台合作、参加国际食品展览等形式,提高品牌在全球市场的认知度。
(2)针对蓝莓酒市场的未来发展,提出以下几点建议:①地区品牌建设。借鉴葡萄酒产业的成功经验,结合地理优势推动特色产区的品牌和酒庄建设,联合当地政府定期开展蓝莓酒文化节,利用媒体进行宣传。②多层次产品研发。提升中低价位蓝莓酒的性价比,通过优化发酵工艺,减少酸涩感并增强果香,使其满足大众口感。同时打造具有差异化的高端系列产品,选用优质蓝莓原料,融合传统酿造技艺与现代科技,提升酒体层次感,并注重精致包装设计,突出高端定位。③加强品牌与消费者的互动。通过线上社交平台(如微博、抖音等)收集消费者反馈意见并进行产品优化。定期推出新品试饮活动、线上品鉴会等,借助社交媒体与消费者建立情感联结,提高品牌忠诚度。
(3)针对蓝莓冷冻果市场的未来发展,提出以下几点建议:①技术提升和产品创新。加大投资研发先进冷冻技术和工艺,提升冷冻果的品质与保鲜期,同时积极开发蓝莓树莓混合冷冻果等新品,满足多样化的消费需求。②利用地域优势打造品牌竞争力。充分利用蓝莓种植地区如云南、大兴安岭等资源优势,合理规划冷冻储藏库站点,并优化国内物流配送,提升国产蓝莓冷冻果的市场竞争力。③拓展多元销售模式。建设电商平台和直播直销业务,并推出线下产地采摘速冻服务,减少中间环节,提高蓝莓企业和农户的经济效益。
蓝莓加工业的发展可以带动以加工原料为生产目标的加工品种的种植,缓解鲜果集中销售压力,并丰富蓝莓市场供应,提高产业附加值。由于本研究只获取了截至2023年度的部分蓝莓加工品数据,且网络数据规范性不足,导致研究结论具有一定局限性,未来可以继续扩充基础数据,从纵向时间序列、横向空间差异等角度开展深入分析。
  • 财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系资助项目(CARS-29)
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2025年第25卷第11期
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  • 接收时间:2024-11-01
  • 首发时间:2025-12-12
  • 出版时间:2025-06-10
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  • 收稿日期:2024-11-01
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财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系资助项目(CARS-29)
作者信息
    1 中国农业大学信息与电气工程学院, 北京 100083
    2 农业农村部葡萄酒加工重点实验室, 北京 100083

通讯作者:

穆维松(1967—),女,江苏连云港人,博士,教授,研究方向为农业大数据分析与智能决策。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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