Article(id=1175385800033321453, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, issueId=1175385799072821512, articleNumber=1671-1807(2025)15-0061-05, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1738771200000, receivedDateStr=2025-02-06, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1758163412339, onlineDateStr=2025-09-18, pubDate=1754755200000, pubDateStr=2025-08-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1758163412339, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-09-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1758163412339, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1758163412339, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1175385799072821512, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, year='2025', volume='25', issue='15', pageStart='1', pageEnd='331', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1758163412111, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1758163801470, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1175387432229941342, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, issueId=1175385799072821512, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1175387432229941343, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, issueId=1175385799072821512, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=61, endPage=65, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1175385800423391729, articleId=1175385800033321453, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, language=EN, title=Development and Performance Analysis of a New Type of Soluble Fracturing Ball, columnId=1151876674645226399, journalTitle=Science Technology and Industry, columnName=Technology Innovation, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To obtain accurate temperature and pressure data during downhole fracturing processes, a novel dissolvable fracturing ball is developed for collecting temperature and pressure data during downhole fracturing stages. This method utilizes the fracturing ball as the external structure, with pressure and temperature sensors as the core components for data acquisition. Based on a single-chip integrated circuit, data transmission was achieved through RS-485 communication, and data storage was accomplished via SPI communication. In accordance with the operational conditions of the novel dissolvable fracturing ball, experiments on pressure, temperature, and signal storage ball escape were conducted. The experimental results demonstrate that the design structure of the novel dissolvable fracturing ball meets the requirements of operational conditions, with excellent sensor acquisition accuracy. Its capability to read and store pressure and temperature data during downhole fracturing stages provides new insights for the digital transformation of oil and gas field exploration and development technologies.

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为了获得井下压裂过程的真实温度、压力数据,研制一种新型可溶压裂球,用于井下压裂阶段温度、压力数据采集。该方法以压裂球为外部结构,压力、温度传感器为核心进行数据采集,基于单片机集成电路,通过RS-485通信进行数据传输,通过SPI(串行外设接口)通信进行数据存储。针对新型可溶压裂球的使用工况,进行压力、温度实验和信号存储球逃逸实验。结果表明,新型可溶压裂球设计结构满足使用工况的要求,传感器采集精度良好,其读取、保存井下压裂阶段压力、温度数据的特性为油气田勘探开发技术数字化转型发展提供了新的思路。

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尚晓峰(1972—),男,辽宁海城人,博士,副教授,研究方向为机械设计制造及自动化;

王贵学(1998—),男,辽宁沈阳人,硕士研究生,研究方向为机械设计及其自动化;

王志坚(1974—),女,河南内黄人,博士教授,研究方向为流体力学;

丁柯宇(1984—),男,陕西西安人,高级工程师,研究方向为完井、储层改造工具及工艺;

周后俊(1982—),男,湖北罗田人,高级工程师,研究方向为完井、储层改造工具及工艺。

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王志坚(1974—),女,河南内黄人,博士教授,研究方向为流体力学;

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周后俊(1982—),男,湖北罗田人,高级工程师,研究方向为完井、储层改造工具及工艺。

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直径/mm 质量/g 工作时间/h
89 421.2 >12
工况
最高温度/℃
工况
最大压力/MPa
抗压强度/MPa
120 80 310
), ArticleFig(id=1176928673119744156, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, articleId=1175385800033321453, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

主要参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
直径/mm 质量/g 工作时间/h
89 421.2 >12
工况
最高温度/℃
工况
最大压力/MPa
抗压强度/MPa
120 80 310
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新型可溶压裂球的研制与性能分析
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尚晓峰 1, 2 , 王贵学 1, 2 , 王志坚 1, 2 , 丁柯宇 3 , 周后俊 3
科技和产业 | 科技创新 2025,25(15): 61-65
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科技和产业 | 科技创新 2025, 25(15): 61-65
新型可溶压裂球的研制与性能分析
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尚晓峰1, 2, 王贵学1, 2, 王志坚1, 2, 丁柯宇3, 周后俊3
作者信息
  • 1 沈阳航空航天大学机电工程学院, 沈阳 110136
  • 2 飞行器快速试制技术研究教育部重点实验室, 沈阳 110136
  • 3 渤海钻探工程技术研究院, 天津 300280
  • 尚晓峰(1972—),男,辽宁海城人,博士,副教授,研究方向为机械设计制造及自动化;

    王贵学(1998—),男,辽宁沈阳人,硕士研究生,研究方向为机械设计及其自动化;

    王志坚(1974—),女,河南内黄人,博士教授,研究方向为流体力学;

    丁柯宇(1984—),男,陕西西安人,高级工程师,研究方向为完井、储层改造工具及工艺;

    周后俊(1982—),男,湖北罗田人,高级工程师,研究方向为完井、储层改造工具及工艺。

Development and Performance Analysis of a New Type of Soluble Fracturing Ball
Xiaofeng SHANG1, 2, Guixue WANG1, 2, Zhijian WANG1, 2, Keyu DING3, Houjun ZHOU3
Affiliations
  • 1 School of Mechatronics Engineering, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang 110136, China
  • 2 Key Laboratory of Rapid Development & Manufacturing Technology for Aircraft, Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110136, China
  • 3 Engineer Technology Research Institute, BHDC, Tianjin 300280, China
出版时间: 2025-08-10
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为了获得井下压裂过程的真实温度、压力数据,研制一种新型可溶压裂球,用于井下压裂阶段温度、压力数据采集。该方法以压裂球为外部结构,压力、温度传感器为核心进行数据采集,基于单片机集成电路,通过RS-485通信进行数据传输,通过SPI(串行外设接口)通信进行数据存储。针对新型可溶压裂球的使用工况,进行压力、温度实验和信号存储球逃逸实验。结果表明,新型可溶压裂球设计结构满足使用工况的要求,传感器采集精度良好,其读取、保存井下压裂阶段压力、温度数据的特性为油气田勘探开发技术数字化转型发展提供了新的思路。

新型可溶压裂球  /  传感器  /  数据采集  /  数据存储  /  信号存储球

To obtain accurate temperature and pressure data during downhole fracturing processes, a novel dissolvable fracturing ball is developed for collecting temperature and pressure data during downhole fracturing stages. This method utilizes the fracturing ball as the external structure, with pressure and temperature sensors as the core components for data acquisition. Based on a single-chip integrated circuit, data transmission was achieved through RS-485 communication, and data storage was accomplished via SPI communication. In accordance with the operational conditions of the novel dissolvable fracturing ball, experiments on pressure, temperature, and signal storage ball escape were conducted. The experimental results demonstrate that the design structure of the novel dissolvable fracturing ball meets the requirements of operational conditions, with excellent sensor acquisition accuracy. Its capability to read and store pressure and temperature data during downhole fracturing stages provides new insights for the digital transformation of oil and gas field exploration and development technologies.

a new type of soluble fracturing ball  /  sensor  /  data collection  /  data save  /  signal storage ball
尚晓峰, 王贵学, 王志坚, 丁柯宇, 周后俊. 新型可溶压裂球的研制与性能分析. 科技和产业, 2025 , 25 (15) : 61 -65 .
Xiaofeng SHANG, Guixue WANG, Zhijian WANG, Keyu DING, Houjun ZHOU. Development and Performance Analysis of a New Type of Soluble Fracturing Ball[J]. Science Technology and Industry, 2025 , 25 (15) : 61 -65 .
油气田开发过程中,井下的温度和压力是分段压裂过程中必不可少的测量参数,目前井下压力、温度采集测量手段主要分为传统传感器和光纤传感器两种。自20世纪80年代末国外电子式井下压力计进入中国市场,90年代初期,国内压力计展开自主研发,随着开采深度的不断增加,光纤传感器开始进入市场。截至目前两类传感器在国内油田开发中仍在使用并不断发展[1-6]。在分段压裂过程中,压裂球作为传统压裂工具也是尤为重要的。美国贝克休斯公司的In-Tallic可溶性压裂球于2011年3月研发成功,斯伦贝谢公司于2015年推出业内首个可完全溶解的多级分段压裂系统。近年来,中国在可溶性压裂球材料的制备技术领域取得了显著的研究进展,特别是在铝基合金与镁基合金等关键材料方面,大量的可溶压裂球在国内也相继完成研究并投入使用。但国内对压裂球研发方向主要为球体材料及涂层材料[7-21],关于压裂球结构设计研发的成果较少。基于上述研究背景,本文结合传感器与压裂球的基本功能进行新型可溶压裂球的研发,其既能实现目前可溶压裂球的承压功能,又能同时采集并保存井下压裂阶段的压力、温度数据。通过承压耐温实验等方式验证了新型可溶压裂球的性能,同时对新型可溶压裂球的数据采集、保存的功能也同步进行验证。通过信号存储球逃逸实验对自研的电路模块分离技术可行性进行验证。在目前复杂的国际政治经济形势下,采油采气工程面临油气开采技术难度不断增大、数字化转型技术仍不完善等方面的挑战[22-25],本文提出的新型可溶压裂球为油气田勘探开发技术数字化转型的发展提供了新的思路。
由于新型可溶压裂球是与可溶球座配合使用的,因此在压裂球内部放置传感器及集成电路等电子器件时,特别是压力传感器的放置位置对压力数据的采集具有较为显著的影响。为了确保压裂球在不同坐封情况下的压力数据采集有效性,新型可溶压裂球的模型设计采用球内截正四面体顶点的布局方式(图1)进行结构设计,保证无论以任何角度坐封,都能够采集到球座前后的压力数据。主要参数见表1,上下球壳通过螺纹连接,传感器及集成电路密封在压裂球内部,整体结构如图2所示。
通过自主研发的可溶球座坐封测试试验平台系统,对新型可溶压裂球进行模拟井下压裂阶段的地面压裂实验。以10 MPa为一个阶段,进行升压和保压测试,直至升压至80 MPa。初始设计的压力传感器固定方案无法满足承压80 MPa,在压裂实验中挡圈承压能力不足,导致传感器脱出实验失败,如图3所示。
经过理论计算,挡圈所受压力为356.36 MPa>225 MPa(钢挡圈的屈服极限),故挡圈会在压裂阶段失效破坏,因此使用三维建模软件结合压裂球尺寸及使用工况设计开孔螺丝替代初始方案的挡圈进行压力传感器的固定。经计算,开孔螺丝所受压力为163.33 MPa< 225 MPa(开孔螺丝的屈服极限),开孔螺丝如图4所示,再次进行地面压裂实验,开孔螺丝承压效果良好,无传感器脱出情况出现。
目前市场上常见的压力传感器有应变式压力传感器、压阻式压力传感器、电容式压力传感器等;温度传感器有热敏电阻、热电阻、数字式温度传感器等,结合新型压裂球实际使用工况及使用要求。压力传感器采用压阻式压力传感器作为压力数据采集的主要模块,种类为硅压阻式压力传感器,如图5所示;温度传感器采用数字式温度传感器作为温度数据采集的主要模块,种类为DS18B20如图6所示。经过标定后的压力传感器的压力测量范围为0~80 MPa,压力测量精度优于0.2%FS,输出方式为RS-485;温度传感器的测量精度为±0.5 ℃,温度测量范围为-55~125 ℃。
新型可溶压裂球数据采集电路具备3个功能:①为传感器提供高质量的3.3 V直流电源;②采集压力计数值、温度计数值;③存储真实的压力值和温度值。新型可溶压裂球的采集电路结构框图和实物如图7所示,它由单片机及其外围电路、电源转换电路和数据存储电路3部分组成。
(1)单片机及其外围电路。单片机是集成电路的核心器件,采用ST公司的STM32L151CCT6,该单片机的低功耗特性和丰富的外设接口,不仅能保证数据采集、存储的工作时间还可以构建高效的传感器节点。
(2)电源转换电路。电源转换电路的功能是将输入电源转换为传感器及单片机正常工作时所需的3.3 V,为产生稳定且高质量的输出电源,该设计选用低压线性稳压器TLV1117-33IDCYR,该稳压器适用于各种低功耗应用,具有低静态电流、高纹波抑制比和良好的瞬态响应特性,能够有效延长电池寿命并确保系统的稳定运行。
(3)数据存储电路。数据存储电路的功能是将采集到的压力、温度值进行存储,存储芯片采用W25Q128FVSIG,与同类产品相比,该芯片具有较低的功耗,有助于降低系统能耗和延长电池续航,且具有优秀的抗辐射能力和高电磁兼容性,适用于恶劣环境下的应用。
新型可溶压裂球的工作原理如图8所示。操作人员通过接通电源开关使其开始进行数据采集和保存工作,通过温度、压力传感器实时进行温度、压力数据采集,通过信号存储球对采集到的温度、压力数据进行保存,在压裂工作结束后,新型可溶压裂球外壳溶解,信号存储球与集成电路分离,现场人员对信号存储球进行返排捕捞,技术人员通过地面上位机对信号存储球中保存的数据进行读取分析。
首先将新型可溶压裂球完成装配,并接通电源,新型可溶压裂球内部集成电路开始工作,随后将新型可溶压裂球放入承压耐温实验设备,如图9所示。
设备装配完成后开始进行打压及升温,压力以10 MPa为梯度进行打压,加压至80 MPa,每10 MPa稳压1 min,80 MPa稳压30 min,压力采集曲线如图10所示;温度持续升温至120 ℃,温度采集曲线如图11所示。实验结果表明,新型可溶压裂球工作状态良好可满足使用工况,新型可溶压裂球结构方案耐压80 MPa,密封性能完好,传感器及集成电路耐温达到120 ℃,方案达到预设使用要求。
信号存储球与集成电路通过自研电路模块分离技术进行连接,当新型可溶压裂球球壳溶解后,连接位置接触井下压裂液,连接处发生熔断,信号存储球与集成电路完成分离。
按照井下压裂工况模拟信号存储球逃逸实验,设置恒温装置温度为120 ℃,配置溶液的Cl-浓度为2%,将装配完成的新型可溶压裂球置于容器中,倒入配置好的溶液,然后将盛有新型可溶压裂球的容器放置在恒温装置中,如图12所示。经过17 h后,新型可溶压裂球外壳全部溶解,信号存储球与集成电路发生分离并浮至液面上方,信号存储球逃逸成功。信号存储球及分离后集成电路等附件的捕获均通过在返排管道上装配的自研捕捉器来完成。
首先在返排管处安装捕捉器,随后检查信号球外观是否有破损腐蚀等缺陷,检查外观良好后,进行信号球通电,指示灯闪烁,信号球开始工作,将信号球密封装配好进行投球,压裂结束后进行放喷返排,通过捕捉器的捕捉,获得与集成电路分离后的存储模块,图13为苏20-X-X井现场测试流程。
完成信息球返排捕捉后,对捕捉的数据存储模块进行数据解读,根据解读数据绘制压力-温度曲线,将其与现场地面压力曲线进行对比,对比分析数据的误差在±5%以内。
(1)采用球内截正四面体顶点的布局方式制定了新型可溶压裂球的结构设计方案,并完成关键结构的优化设计,通过地面压力温度试验,验证了新型可溶压裂球承压能力达到80 MPa、耐温120 ℃。
(2)采用硅压阻式压力传感器、DS18B20数字式温度传感器采集并保存井下压裂阶段压力、温度数据,压力采集精度优于0.2%FS,温度采集精度达到±0.5 ℃。
(3)通过信号存储球逃逸实验验证了新型可溶压裂球中集成的数据存储模块能够通过自研的电路模块分离技术返排至地面进行数据解读,上述功能为非常规油气田的智能化压裂生产提供了有效参考。
(4)通过现场应用验证了新型可溶压裂球在实际工况下的可行性。
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  • 接收时间:2025-02-06
  • 首发时间:2025-09-18
  • 出版时间:2025-08-10
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  • 收稿日期:2025-02-06
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    1 沈阳航空航天大学机电工程学院, 沈阳 110136
    2 飞行器快速试制技术研究教育部重点实验室, 沈阳 110136
    3 渤海钻探工程技术研究院, 天津 300280
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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genus
种数
Number of
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Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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