Article(id=1174390603648479439, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, issueId=1174385906053165285, articleNumber=1671-1807(2025)14-0197-08, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1736092800000, receivedDateStr=2025-01-06, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1757926139032, onlineDateStr=2025-09-15, pubDate=1753372800000, pubDateStr=2025-07-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1757926139032, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-09-15, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1757926139032, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1757926139032, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1174385906053165285, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, year='2025', volume='25', issue='14', pageStart='1', pageEnd='286', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1757925019038, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1758072769121, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1175005614947316471, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, issueId=1174385906053165285, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1175005614947316472, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, issueId=1174385906053165285, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=197, endPage=204, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1174390603975635155, articleId=1174390603648479439, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, language=EN, title=Optimization Experiment of Flocculant Selection for Total Tailings Settling of a Lead-zinc Mine, columnId=1151877663716159826, journalTitle=Science Technology and Industry, columnName=Enterprise Application, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Taking the backfilling station for the Chifeng NFC Baiyinnuoer Mining Co. Ltd. as an example to resolve the problems of uneven bottom flow concentration and slow settling speed of tailings particles during the coagulation and settling process of total tailings, various candidate anionic polyacrylamide flocculants were subjected to tailings static coagulation and settling tests to select the most suitable flocculant type. Finally, the coagulation effect was verified through industrial experiments, and the addition parameters were optimized. The results show that the optimal flocculant type for settling the total tailings of the mine is SNF1055SH. When the concentration of the total tailings slurry is 14%, the flocculant solution concentration is 2.5‰, and the flocculant dosage is 30 g/t, it can ensure that the bottom flow mud layer of the deep cone thickener is uniform and the top overflow water is clear.

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为解决全尾砂在絮凝沉降过程中出现的底流浓度不均和尾砂颗粒沉降速度缓慢等问题,以赤峰中色白音诺尔矿业有限公司充填站为例,通过对多种阴离子聚丙烯酰胺絮凝剂展开全尾砂静态絮凝沉降试验,优选出最佳型号,并通过工业试验验证其絮凝沉降效果,优化其添加参数。结果显示,目前该矿全尾砂沉降的优选絮凝剂型号为SNF1055SH,当参数配比为全尾砂矿浆浓度14%、絮凝剂溶液配置浓度2.5‰、单耗30 g/t时,可确保深锥浓密机底流泥层均匀,顶端溢流水清澈。

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王奕仁(1996—),男,河南焦作人,博士研究生,研究方向为金属矿高效开采与膏体充填。
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张志超(1991—),男,内蒙古赤峰人,工程师,研究方向为化学工程;

于广荣(1990—),女,内蒙古赤峰人,工程师,研究方向为化学工程;

李宝胜(1976—),男,蒙古族,内蒙古赤峰人,助理工程师,研究方向为分析化学;

王勋超(1986—),男,满族,内蒙古赤峰人,工程师,研究方向为化学工程。

肖柏林(1989—),男,福建泉州人,博士,副教授,研究方向为金属矿充填法开采理论与技术。

郭瑞明(2001—),男,江西吉安人,研究方向为膏体充填。

俞安举(1996—),男,河北张家口人,硕士,研究方向为膏体充填。

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张志超(1991—),男,内蒙古赤峰人,工程师,研究方向为化学工程;

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张志超(1991—),男,内蒙古赤峰人,工程师,研究方向为化学工程;

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于广荣(1990—),女,内蒙古赤峰人,工程师,研究方向为化学工程;

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于广荣(1990—),女,内蒙古赤峰人,工程师,研究方向为化学工程;

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李宝胜(1976—),男,蒙古族,内蒙古赤峰人,助理工程师,研究方向为分析化学;

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李宝胜(1976—),男,蒙古族,内蒙古赤峰人,助理工程师,研究方向为分析化学;

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王勋超(1986—),男,满族,内蒙古赤峰人,工程师,研究方向为化学工程。

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王勋超(1986—),男,满族,内蒙古赤峰人,工程师,研究方向为化学工程。

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肖柏林(1989—),男,福建泉州人,博士,副教授,研究方向为金属矿充填法开采理论与技术。

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肖柏林(1989—),男,福建泉州人,博士,副教授,研究方向为金属矿充填法开采理论与技术。

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郭瑞明(2001—),男,江西吉安人,研究方向为膏体充填。

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郭瑞明(2001—),男,江西吉安人,研究方向为膏体充填。

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俞安举(1996—),男,河北张家口人,硕士,研究方向为膏体充填。

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俞安举(1996—),男,河北张家口人,硕士,研究方向为膏体充填。

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tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, articleId=1174390603648479439, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=46, issue=6, pageStart=1012, pageEnd=1023, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=18, authorNames=饶博, 邹文杰, 赵伟, journalName=工程科学学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=饶博, 邹文杰, 赵伟, 等. 低浓度聚丙烯酰胺含量的检测及溶液离子的影响[J]. 工程科学学报, 2024, 46(6): 1012-1023., articleTitle=低浓度聚丙烯酰胺含量的检测及溶液离子的影响, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1175039825850810566, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, articleId=1174390603648479439, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=44, issue=12, pageStart=39, pageEnd=45, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=19, authorNames=甘德清, 孙凌志, 薛振林, journalName=矿业研究与开发, refType=null, unstructuredReference=甘德清, 孙凌志, 薛振林, 等. 细粒级尾砂絮凝沉降规律试验研究[J]. 矿业研究与开发, 2024, 44(12): 39-45., articleTitle=细粒级尾砂絮凝沉降规律试验研究, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1175039824395387058, tenantId=1146029695717560320, 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编号 型号 外观 相对分子
质量/万
固含量/
%
1# SNF625V 白色颗粒或粉末 <1 000 >90
2# TJ6340(粗) 白色颗粒 1 067 93.65
3# TJ6340(细) 白色粉末 1 356 91.46
4# SNF2604E 白色粉末 1 400 90.65
5# SNF1055SH 白色粉末 1 513 90.39
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絮凝剂技术指标

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编号 型号 外观 相对分子
质量/万
固含量/
%
1# SNF625V 白色颗粒或粉末 <1 000 >90
2# TJ6340(粗) 白色颗粒 1 067 93.65
3# TJ6340(细) 白色粉末 1 356 91.46
4# SNF2604E 白色粉末 1 400 90.65
5# SNF1055SH 白色粉末 1 513 90.39
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絮凝剂 料浆质量浓度/% 絮凝剂配置浓度/‰ 絮凝剂单耗/(g·t-1) 目的
SNF625V 10,12,14,16 0.3 15 尾砂絮凝沉降最佳浓度确定
尾砂絮凝最佳浓度 0.3 10,15,20,25,30,40,50,60,70 絮凝剂投加量确定
TJ6340(粗) 尾砂絮凝最佳浓度 0.3 30 絮凝剂优选
TJ6340(细)
SNF2604E
SNF1055SH
优选絮凝剂 尾砂絮凝最佳浓度 0.3 20,30,40 优选絮凝剂投加量确定
优选絮凝剂 尾砂絮凝最佳浓度 0.2~0.3 20,30,40 工业试验验证
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絮凝沉降试验方案

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絮凝剂 料浆质量浓度/% 絮凝剂配置浓度/‰ 絮凝剂单耗/(g·t-1) 目的
SNF625V 10,12,14,16 0.3 15 尾砂絮凝沉降最佳浓度确定
尾砂絮凝最佳浓度 0.3 10,15,20,25,30,40,50,60,70 絮凝剂投加量确定
TJ6340(粗) 尾砂絮凝最佳浓度 0.3 30 絮凝剂优选
TJ6340(细)
SNF2604E
SNF1055SH
优选絮凝剂 尾砂絮凝最佳浓度 0.3 20,30,40 优选絮凝剂投加量确定
优选絮凝剂 尾砂絮凝最佳浓度 0.2~0.3 20,30,40 工业试验验证
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尾砂浆浓
度/%
尾砂浆密
度/(t·m-3)
尾砂质量/
t
所需絮凝
剂质量/g
絮凝剂成品
供料流量/
(m·h-1)
25.6 1.20 138.24 4.15 1.66
22.3 1.17 117.39 3.52 1.41
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絮凝剂成品供料流量

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尾砂浆浓
度/%
尾砂浆密
度/(t·m-3)
尾砂质量/
t
所需絮凝
剂质量/g
絮凝剂成品
供料流量/
(m·h-1)
25.6 1.20 138.24 4.15 1.66
22.3 1.17 117.39 3.52 1.41
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铅锌矿全尾砂沉降絮凝剂优化选型试验
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张志超 1 , 于广荣 1 , 李宝胜 1 , 王勋超 1 , 王奕仁 2 , 肖柏林 2 , 郭瑞明 2 , 俞安举 2
科技和产业 | 企业应用 2025,25(14): 197-204
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科技和产业 | 企业应用 2025, 25(14): 197-204
铅锌矿全尾砂沉降絮凝剂优化选型试验
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张志超1, 于广荣1, 李宝胜1, 王勋超1, 王奕仁2, 肖柏林2, 郭瑞明2, 俞安举2
作者信息
  • 1 赤峰中色白音诺尔矿业有限公司, 内蒙古 赤峰 025473
  • 2 北京科技大学资源与安全工程学院, 北京 100083
  • 张志超(1991—),男,内蒙古赤峰人,工程师,研究方向为化学工程;

    于广荣(1990—),女,内蒙古赤峰人,工程师,研究方向为化学工程;

    李宝胜(1976—),男,蒙古族,内蒙古赤峰人,助理工程师,研究方向为分析化学;

    王勋超(1986—),男,满族,内蒙古赤峰人,工程师,研究方向为化学工程。

    肖柏林(1989—),男,福建泉州人,博士,副教授,研究方向为金属矿充填法开采理论与技术。

    郭瑞明(2001—),男,江西吉安人,研究方向为膏体充填。

    俞安举(1996—),男,河北张家口人,硕士,研究方向为膏体充填。

通讯作者:

王奕仁(1996—),男,河南焦作人,博士研究生,研究方向为金属矿高效开采与膏体充填。
Optimization Experiment of Flocculant Selection for Total Tailings Settling of a Lead-zinc Mine
Zhichao ZHANG1, Guangrong YU1, Baosheng LI1, Xunchao WANG1, Yiren WANG2, Bolin XIAO2, Ruiming GUO2, Anju YU2
Affiliations
  • 1 Chifeng NFC Baiyinnuoer Mining Co. Ltd., Chifeng 025473, Inner Mongolia, China
  • 2 School of Resources and Safety Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
出版时间: 2025-07-25
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为解决全尾砂在絮凝沉降过程中出现的底流浓度不均和尾砂颗粒沉降速度缓慢等问题,以赤峰中色白音诺尔矿业有限公司充填站为例,通过对多种阴离子聚丙烯酰胺絮凝剂展开全尾砂静态絮凝沉降试验,优选出最佳型号,并通过工业试验验证其絮凝沉降效果,优化其添加参数。结果显示,目前该矿全尾砂沉降的优选絮凝剂型号为SNF1055SH,当参数配比为全尾砂矿浆浓度14%、絮凝剂溶液配置浓度2.5‰、单耗30 g/t时,可确保深锥浓密机底流泥层均匀,顶端溢流水清澈。

全尾砂  /  絮凝沉降  /  料浆浓度  /  絮凝剂单耗

Taking the backfilling station for the Chifeng NFC Baiyinnuoer Mining Co. Ltd. as an example to resolve the problems of uneven bottom flow concentration and slow settling speed of tailings particles during the coagulation and settling process of total tailings, various candidate anionic polyacrylamide flocculants were subjected to tailings static coagulation and settling tests to select the most suitable flocculant type. Finally, the coagulation effect was verified through industrial experiments, and the addition parameters were optimized. The results show that the optimal flocculant type for settling the total tailings of the mine is SNF1055SH. When the concentration of the total tailings slurry is 14%, the flocculant solution concentration is 2.5‰, and the flocculant dosage is 30 g/t, it can ensure that the bottom flow mud layer of the deep cone thickener is uniform and the top overflow water is clear.

total tailings  /  flocculation settling  /  slurry concentration  /  flocculant dosage
张志超, 于广荣, 李宝胜, 王勋超, 王奕仁, 肖柏林, 郭瑞明, 俞安举. 铅锌矿全尾砂沉降絮凝剂优化选型试验. 科技和产业, 2025 , 25 (14) : 197 -204 .
Zhichao ZHANG, Guangrong YU, Baosheng LI, Xunchao WANG, Yiren WANG, Bolin XIAO, Ruiming GUO, Anju YU. Optimization Experiment of Flocculant Selection for Total Tailings Settling of a Lead-zinc Mine[J]. Science Technology and Industry, 2025 , 25 (14) : 197 -204 .
膏体充填采矿法已经在金属矿山地下开采中得到广泛的应用,特别是在深部矿山和资源利用效率较低的地区[1-3]。将全尾砂料浆制备成高浓度的膏体充填至地下采空区能够有效处理尾矿堆积地表所带来的环境问题,减少矿区范围内的尾矿外排,避免尾矿库对周围土壤和水资源等带来的污染[4]。膏体在输送过程中具有不沉淀、不离析、脱水少等优点,其制备过程中的尾砂深锥浓密是矿山充填技术中一项重要的环节,涉及尾矿浆的浓缩与处理,在该过程中,尾矿浆的沉降和脱水效果直接影响膏体的浓度和质量[5-7]。尾砂中细颗粒含量较多会导致沉降速度降低,不同粒度的尾砂分层,最大底流浓度也随之下降[8]。因此,絮凝剂的选择和添加对于深锥浓密机的运行至关重要,它不仅能够有效地加速尾矿颗粒的聚集与沉降,在实现固液分离的同时还能加快底流泥层的脱水速率,提高尾砂的沉降效率和底流浓度[9]
泥沙、尾砂等细颗粒沉积主要是由于絮凝引起的,絮结成团的相对速度会影响颗粒物的沉降速度[10-11]。为探究不同因素对尾砂絮凝的影响,研究者们通过不同的试验变量对尾砂絮凝沉降规律进行大量研究与分析。王刚和陈秋松[12]通过展开供砂浓度、絮凝剂添加单耗和质量浓度等多种因素耦合作用下的尾砂絮凝沉降试验,发现低浓度尾砂的絮凝效果更好,且絮凝剂单耗和浓度均存在一个最佳的作用范围,并以此确定添加絮凝剂的最佳参数。何明渝等[13]借助图像颗粒分析仪研究絮团尺寸变化与尾砂沉降速度的关系,同时基于多种函数建立相应的沉降速度模型,并提出沉降效果最佳的絮凝剂参数。武鹏杰等[14]以絮凝剂分子量、单耗、进料稀释质量分数等作为影响因素,并将相对絮凝率、24 h极限底流质量分数和固体通量作为表征参数,采用单因素试验和灰色关联分析(GRA)的方法研究上述各因素对全尾砂料浆静态絮凝沉降结果的影响程度,最终对絮凝参数进行优化。王贤情等[15]采用响应面中心复合设计法(RSM-CCD)进行全尾砂浆静态浓密试验,以固体通量值为响应,获得最优的全尾砂浆质量浓度和絮凝剂单耗指标,并在此基础上进行浓密机动态絮凝沉降模拟试验。丁家铎等[16]通过室内物化性质测试、室内絮凝沉降实验以及考虑季节温度因素的现场半工业实验,开展了超细全尾砂精细化絮凝实验研究,提升了银山矿深锥浓密机沉降效果。
基于以上研究,为解决赤峰中色白音诺尔矿业有限公司(以下简称“中色白矿”)充填站全尾砂深锥浓密过程中使用的絮凝剂添加量大、絮凝效果差、底流浓度低等问题,通过在室内开展单因素下的全尾砂絮凝沉降试验,比较不同型号和单耗絮凝剂的尾砂沉降速度、泥层颗粒分布等指标,优选出合适的絮凝剂型号和最佳参数,最后通过工业试验给予验证,相关参数经优化后指导实际生产。
随着绿色矿山建设与发展理念的推进,近些年国家对尾矿库数量的管控力度日益严格,中色白矿现面临2#尾矿库剩余全库容量不足的问题。同时,矿山多年开采产生的新老采空区对井下生产带来较大的安全隐患。为解决上述问题,该矿引进膏体充填工艺,于2022年开始投建膏体充填站,于2024年初建成,同年5月进入试运行阶段。试运行期间选厂原浓度全部尾矿送至充填站进行充填或一半尾矿送至充填站进行充填,另一半尾矿送至现有2#尾矿库堆存。尾矿输送排放沿用已有模式,库内尾矿水通过回水系统输送至高位水池。充填设施主要包括地面充填搅拌站、充填钻孔和输送管路等。该站位于南矿区副井东北侧约350 m处,地面标高为1 085 m。设计充填工艺为深锥浓密机膏体充填,共2套膏体制备充填系统,每套设计能力为110 m3/h。充填设备由1台直径16 m深锥浓密机、2个550 t水泥仓、2套胶凝材料给料装置、2台双级卧轴连续搅拌机、2台充填工业泵及各类阀组成。
充填站内的絮凝剂制备机为深锥浓密机配套设备,现有絮凝剂的投加单耗在40 g/t左右,添加量明显偏高,不利于成本控制,且在实际生产中,当絮凝剂配置浓度超过3.0‰时便会出现由于溶液过于黏稠导致的泵送困难、输送流量降低的问题。由于絮凝剂制备添加设备的泵送能力有限,无法满足高单耗条件下长期添加现有絮凝剂溶液的生产要求,并由此引发了一系列的生产问题,包括由于尾砂沉降不均匀引起的深锥耙架扭矩不稳、粗砂不断在锥底积聚导致的驱动系统过载停机(压耙)等。因此,需要对现有絮凝剂进行更换,优化选型,在降低单耗的同时提高尾砂的絮凝沉降效果。
该铅锌矿选厂“一次粗选、四次精选、三次扫选”的磨矿浮选工艺导致其尾砂粗细颗粒差异较大,细-超细颗粒占比较多。分别对该全尾砂进行激光粒度分析(Mastersizer 3 000+Ultra)和X射线多晶衍射(XRD)试验,结果显示,该全尾砂-5 μm、-20 μm和-74 μm粒径占比分别为9.10%、28.14%和58.60%;其主要矿物成分包括矽卡岩、石灰石(CaCO3)和石英(SiO2)。尾砂粒度分布和XRD分析结果分别如图1所示。
絮凝药剂的使用应根据不同的生产情况进行选择[17]。由于该矿全尾砂细颗粒占比较多,尾矿浆中固体颗粒的运动不仅受重力作用,还受到微观作用的制约,粒径<5 μm的颗粒浓度越大,微观作用相对占比越大[18];此外,尾矿料浆pH为8~10,Ca2+含量较高,阴离子絮凝剂(如聚丙烯酰胺APAM)容易与带正电的阳离子发生“桥连”作用,使尾砂颗粒更易吸附到其长链结构上,增强絮凝效果[19]。因此,本次实验控制絮凝剂类型为阴离子型,选取来自不同厂家、不同型号的APAM絮凝剂,各试剂的相关技术指标如表1所示。其中,1#絮凝剂为充填站原使用爱森(中国)625V,2#~5#为待选型试剂,其中2#和3#为沈阳通净同型号、不同颗粒大小(分子量)的絮凝剂,4#和5#为爱森(中国)不同型号的絮凝剂。不同絮凝剂的相对分子质量和固含量均为抽样检测所得。
本次絮凝沉降试验分为室内絮凝沉降试验和现场工业试验,具体方案如表2所示。
根据该矿的试验条件,选择静态絮凝为尾砂浓密方式展开絮凝沉降试验。试验装置为1 000 mL量筒,按试验设计将所需物料分别称重后加入量筒内(絮凝剂溶液用移液管加入)充分搅拌均匀后开始静置,用秒表每隔一段时间记录固液分界面的下降高度(不小于2 h),并在沿量筒高度的坐标纸上标记相应时刻的分界面位置。试验流程如图2所示。
深锥浓密机进砂质量浓度和絮凝剂单耗的作用对尾砂颗粒的沉降速度影响非常大,而絮凝剂溶液的质量浓度对尾砂沉降的影响程度较小[20]。为确定尾砂沉降的最佳浓度和添加絮凝剂的最佳单耗,减少上述两因素对絮凝剂选型结果的影响,开展相关的预实验。
配置质量浓度分别为10%、12%、14%、16%的尾矿浆并注入浓度0.3‰的1#絮凝剂溶液,控制单耗15 g/t,试验结果如图3所示。由试验结果可知,
在前50 s内浓度为12%的尾矿浆沉降速度最快,最高为2.2 mm/s(15~20 s),而在前1~4 min,浓度为14%的尾矿浆沉降速度最快,最高为7.5 mm/s(50~60 s)。由于该试验条件下浓度为10%的尾矿浆上清液浑浊,在4 min左右固液分界面才显现,这导致其测量结果出现一定的误差(3或4 min的沉降速度为2.37 mm/s)。10 min后,各浓度的尾矿浆泥层高度均不再随时间产生明显变化;2 h后,浓度为14%的尾矿浆累计沉降高度最大。因此,推荐该矿尾砂沉降的最佳浓度为14%。
配置浓度为14%的尾矿浆注入浓度0.3‰的1#絮凝剂溶液,控制单耗分别为10、15、20、25、30、40、50、60、70 g/t,试验结果如图4所示。由试验结果可知,在前20 s内单耗为40 g/t的尾矿沉降速度最快,为9.7 mm/s(0~5 s);20~30 s时,单耗为30 g/t的尾矿沉降速度最快,为5.5 mm/s(25~30 s);
30~50 s时,单耗为20 g/t的尾砂沉降速度最快,为4.8 mm/s(30~40 s);50~60 s时,单耗为15 g/t的尾砂沉降速度最快,为7.5 mm/s(50~60 s)。同时,由尾砂沉降累计曲线可知,2 h后,累计沉降量最大为304.2 mm(15 g/t),其次是274.9 mm(10 g/t)和272.25 mm(40 g/t)。该种絮凝剂在单耗≤20 g/t时,泥层粗细颗粒分层明显,上清液浑浊,故不予考虑;而在25~40 g/t时,上清液表层漂浮有细颗粒絮团未沉降。由此可知,1#絮凝剂在尾矿浆浓度为14%时的最佳单耗为40 g/t,但其絮凝沉降效果并不理想。
首先,按14%质量浓度配置尾砂浆,再按30 g/t单耗分别添加浓度为0.3‰的不同型号(2#~5#)絮凝剂溶液,试验结果如图5所示。经对比发现,5#絮凝剂前期沉降速度最快,为22 mm/s(0~5 s),其次是4#,为17.4 mm/s(5~10 s),而由尾砂累计沉降曲线可知,前60 s内,5#的累计沉降量最大,为220 mm,其次是4#,为214. 5 mm;在10 min内,1#的累计沉降量最大,为231.5 mm,其次是228 mm(3#)和227 mm(5#)。由此可知,上述4种选型絮凝剂中,5#可在较短的时间内实现尾砂颗粒的快速絮凝沉降,其次为4#。
此外,通过比较2#和3#絮凝剂的沉降结果可知,在前15 s内2#的沉降速度更快,但细颗粒悬浮物较多,絮凝效果差,而使用3#絮凝剂的尾矿浆上清液更加清澈。这与该种絮凝剂所含相对分子质量的大小有关,虽然2#和3#为同一型号的絮凝剂,但3#絮凝剂所含相对分子质量更多,对细颗粒的捕捉能力更强,更有利于尾矿颗粒的吸附和聚集,絮凝效果更佳。相对分子质量可作为本次APAM选型的参考条件之一,同时结合图5所示试验结果,最终确定5#为优选絮凝剂,型号SNF1055SH。
首先配置14%浓度的全尾砂料浆,注入浓度为0.3‰的5#絮凝剂溶液,选取20、30、40 g/t的单耗进行试验,结果如图6所示。由试验结果可知,前20 s内单耗为30 g/t的尾矿沉降速度最快,为22 mm/s(0~5 s),其次为40 g/t和20 g/t,分别为17.6 mm/s(5~10 s)和11.4 mm/s(10~15 s);20~60 s时单耗为20 g/t的尾矿沉降速度最快,为1.6 mm/s(20~25 s)。由沉降累计曲线可知,静置2h后,累计沉降量最大为241 mm(20 g/t),30 g/t和40 g/t单耗的累计沉降量接近,分别为228.6 mm和228.7 mm,相应的底流浓度分别为61.95%、60.87%、59.07%。
1#和5#絮凝剂在不同单耗下的尾砂絮凝沉降效果对比如图7所示。图7(a)所示分别为1#絮凝剂单耗20、30、40 g/t沉降10 min时的尾砂泥层,图7(b)所示为5#絮凝剂单耗20、30、40 g/t沉降10 min时的尾砂泥层。由图7可知,在不同单耗的5#絮凝剂作用下,14%质量浓度的尾砂浆在前10 min内的上清液更加清澈,尾砂颗粒的絮凝沉降效果更好。而对比不同单耗下的5#絮凝剂试验结果可知,当单耗为20 g/t时,虽然尾砂前期沉降速度较慢,但顶部溢流液清澈,底部泥层均质且浓度最大。为达到最佳的沉降速率和底流浓度,该种絮凝剂在配置浓度为0.3‰时的单耗为20~30 g/t。
选厂低浓度尾砂浆通过管道输送至砂泵站制浆池内,后泵送至充填站深锥浓密机,进料流量约为450 m3/h(上下浮动50 m3/h),尾砂浆在深锥顶部进料管道内经进料混流泵(P-DUC)稀释进入深锥进料井。絮凝剂制备机的给料流量为1.2~1.6 m3/h,可制备的絮凝剂成品溶液浓度为1‰~5‰,泵送絮凝剂溶液在管道内经过稀释泵(稀释水流量10~15 m3/h)的二次稀释后输送至深锥顶部。进料井顶端两侧安装絮凝剂加注口与尾砂浆同步给料,稀释后的尾砂浆在深锥浓密机内完成动态絮凝沉降。流程如图8所示。
经过多次的絮凝剂选型试验,现已将充填站所使用的絮凝剂型号更换为SNF1055SH,单耗不小于20 g/t。但是在将优选絮凝剂应用于工业生产的过程中,当絮凝剂制备设备成品仓内储存的成品絮凝剂浓度达到3‰时,该成品剂会因过于黏稠而造成输送管道阻塞,无法泵送至深锥顶部进行二次稀释。根据絮凝剂成品可制备的实际浓度,调整配置絮凝剂浓度为2.5‰(二次稀释后为0.25‰);由于泵送能力有限,为保证絮凝效果,其单耗也需相应调整。后经室内静态絮凝补充试验可知,当絮凝剂浓度降低至0.25‰时,单耗25 g/t的底流泥层出现轻微的粗细尾砂分层,而单耗30 g/t的底流泥层均质,且浓度可保持在60%左右(静置2 h)。故推荐该种絮凝剂在配置浓度为2.5‰时的最佳单耗为30 g/t。
经选厂尾矿槽取样烘干测得,深锥浓密机实际进料浓度为22.3%~25.6%,经计算絮凝剂成品供料流量如表3所示。
由上述结果,推荐目前该充填站制备絮凝剂成品浓度控制在2.5‰,絮凝剂单耗为30 g/t,成品供料流量不小于1.41 m3/h。更换絮凝剂前后,深锥浓密机顶部溢流水的对比如图9所示。后采用烘干法与深锥浓密机底流循环管路核子浓度计校验底流浓度,结果显示底流浓度随泥层高度(1.5~5.5 m)稳定变化,波动区间为5个百分点(69.5%~74.5%),浓密机所制备的料浆均质,底流浓度检验过程如图10所示。
(1)对中色白矿质量浓度分别为10%、12%、14%、16%的全尾砂料浆使用阴离子型聚丙烯酰胺(APAM)絮凝剂展开絮凝沉降试验,由结果可知,当料浆浓度为14%时,絮凝剂对固体颗粒的捕获能力最大,沉降效果最好。
(2)通过选取5种不同厂家和型号的APAM絮凝剂(控制单耗为30 g/t,浓度为0.3‰)对质量浓度为14%的尾砂浆进行絮凝沉降试验,最终优选型号为SNF1055SH的絮凝剂;通过对比该絮凝剂在不同单耗下的尾砂絮凝沉降试验结果可知,在室内条件下当该絮凝剂质量浓度为0.3‰时,其最佳单耗为20~30 g/t。
(3)在工业试验下,调整优选絮凝剂成品溶液的最佳参数为质量浓度为2.5‰(二次稀释后为0.25‰),其最佳单耗为30 g/t,现场深锥浓密机进砂流量为450 m3/h,进料浓度为22.3%~25.6%,絮凝剂成品仓供料流量应不小于1.41 m3/h。
  • 国家自然科学基金(52374111)
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2025年第25卷第14期
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  • 接收时间:2025-01-06
  • 首发时间:2025-09-15
  • 出版时间:2025-07-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-01-06
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国家自然科学基金(52374111)
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    1 赤峰中色白音诺尔矿业有限公司, 内蒙古 赤峰 025473
    2 北京科技大学资源与安全工程学院, 北京 100083

通讯作者:

王奕仁(1996—),男,河南焦作人,博士研究生,研究方向为金属矿高效开采与膏体充填。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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