Article(id=1174385907714113764, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, issueId=1174385906053165285, articleNumber=1671-1807(2025)14-0016-04, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1736784000000, receivedDateStr=2025-01-14, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1757925019433, onlineDateStr=2025-09-15, pubDate=1753372800000, pubDateStr=2025-07-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1757925019433, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-09-15, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1757925019433, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1757925019433, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1174385906053165285, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, year='2025', volume='25', issue='14', pageStart='1', pageEnd='286', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1757925019038, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1758072769121, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1175005614947316471, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, issueId=1174385906053165285, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1175005614947316472, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, issueId=1174385906053165285, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=16, endPage=19, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1174385908095795432, articleId=1174385907714113764, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, language=EN, title=Effect of Laser Modified CuW60 Tungsten Copper Alloy on Its Roughness and Mechanical Properties, columnId=1151876674645226399, journalTitle=Science Technology and Industry, columnName=Technology Innovation, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Aiming at the shortcomings of surface properties of CuW60 tungsten-copper alloy under extreme working conditions, laser modification technology was used to explore its influence on surface roughness and mechanical properties of the alloy. By finely adjusting the laser parameters, the microstructure, composition change of the modified layer and its correlation mechanism with the properties were analyzed. It is found that laser modification can significantly adjust the surface roughness of the alloy and enhance its mechanical properties such as hardness, which provides a new idea and method for improving the comprehensive properties of such materials. These rusults not only enriche the theoretical system of laser surface engineering technology, but also expand the application space of CuW60 tungsten copper alloy in the field of high-end manufacturing.

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针对CuW60钨铜合金在极端工况下表面性能的不足,采用激光改性技术,旨在探究其对合金表面粗糙度及力学性能的影响。通过精细调控激光参数,分析改性层微观结构、成分变化及其与性能之间的关联机制。研究发现,激光改性可显著调节合金表面粗糙度,同时增强其硬度等力学性能,为提升该类材料的综合性能提供了新的思路和方法。研究结果不仅丰富了激光表面工程技术的理论体系,也为CuW60钨铜合金在高端制造领域的应用拓展了空间。

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向和平(1985—),男,湖南永州人,博士研究生,研究方向为内燃机燃料供给系统和新型材料力学性能。
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刘剑立(1974—),男,湖南衡阳人,工程师,研究方向为新型材料的力学性能和机械加工工艺;

周敏(1995—),男,湖南衡阳人,讲师,研究方向为生态修复和生土建筑。

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刘剑立(1974—),男,湖南衡阳人,工程师,研究方向为新型材料的力学性能和机械加工工艺;

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化学元素 S Ni Si C P W Mn Cu
质量分数
wt/%
0.004 4.173 0.527 0.044 0.035 22.731 1.646 70.804
), ArticleFig(id=1175040098434433404, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, articleId=1174385907714113764, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

CuW60钨铜合金的化学组成成分

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
化学元素 S Ni Si C P W Mn Cu
质量分数
wt/%
0.004 4.173 0.527 0.044 0.035 22.731 1.646 70.804
), ArticleFig(id=1175040098493153661, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, articleId=1174385907714113764, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
激光能量 处理前/μm LSPwc处理后/μm
30 mJ 1.0 0.99
50 mJ 1.0 0.97
70 mJ-1 time 1.0 0.93
70 mJ-2 times 1.0 0.97
), ArticleFig(id=1175040098547679614, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, articleId=1174385907714113764, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同激光能量不同冲击次LSPwc处理后CuW60钨铜合金的硬度的粗糙度

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激光能量 处理前/μm LSPwc处理后/μm
30 mJ 1.0 0.99
50 mJ 1.0 0.97
70 mJ-1 time 1.0 0.93
70 mJ-2 times 1.0 0.97
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激光改性对CuW60钨铜合金粗糙度及力学性能的影响
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刘剑立 1 , 周敏 2 , 向和平 3
科技和产业 | 科技创新 2025,25(14): 16-19
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科技和产业 | 科技创新 2025, 25(14): 16-19
激光改性对CuW60钨铜合金粗糙度及力学性能的影响
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刘剑立1, 周敏2, 向和平3
作者信息
  • 1 南岳电控(衡阳)工业技术股份有限公司, 湖南 衡阳 421007
  • 2 湖南交通工程学院交通运输工程学院, 湖南 衡阳 421000
  • 3 北京理工大学机械与车辆学院, 北京 100081
  • 刘剑立(1974—),男,湖南衡阳人,工程师,研究方向为新型材料的力学性能和机械加工工艺;

    周敏(1995—),男,湖南衡阳人,讲师,研究方向为生态修复和生土建筑。

通讯作者:

向和平(1985—),男,湖南永州人,博士研究生,研究方向为内燃机燃料供给系统和新型材料力学性能。
Effect of Laser Modified CuW60 Tungsten Copper Alloy on Its Roughness and Mechanical Properties
Jianli LIU1, Min ZHOU2, Heping XIANG3
Affiliations
  • 1 Nanyue Fuel Injection Systems Co. Ltd. , Hengyang 421007, Hunan, China
  • 2 School of Transportstion Engineering, Hunan Institute of Traffic Engineering, Hengyang 421000, Hunan, China
  • 3 School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
出版时间: 2025-07-25
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针对CuW60钨铜合金在极端工况下表面性能的不足,采用激光改性技术,旨在探究其对合金表面粗糙度及力学性能的影响。通过精细调控激光参数,分析改性层微观结构、成分变化及其与性能之间的关联机制。研究发现,激光改性可显著调节合金表面粗糙度,同时增强其硬度等力学性能,为提升该类材料的综合性能提供了新的思路和方法。研究结果不仅丰富了激光表面工程技术的理论体系,也为CuW60钨铜合金在高端制造领域的应用拓展了空间。

激光改性  /  CuW60钨铜合金  /  表面粗糙度  /  力学性能  /  微观结构

Aiming at the shortcomings of surface properties of CuW60 tungsten-copper alloy under extreme working conditions, laser modification technology was used to explore its influence on surface roughness and mechanical properties of the alloy. By finely adjusting the laser parameters, the microstructure, composition change of the modified layer and its correlation mechanism with the properties were analyzed. It is found that laser modification can significantly adjust the surface roughness of the alloy and enhance its mechanical properties such as hardness, which provides a new idea and method for improving the comprehensive properties of such materials. These rusults not only enriche the theoretical system of laser surface engineering technology, but also expand the application space of CuW60 tungsten copper alloy in the field of high-end manufacturing.

laser modification  /  CuW60 tungsten copper alloy  /  surface roughness  /  mechanical properties  /  microstructure
刘剑立, 周敏, 向和平. 激光改性对CuW60钨铜合金粗糙度及力学性能的影响. 科技和产业, 2025 , 25 (14) : 16 -19 .
Jianli LIU, Min ZHOU, Heping XIANG. Effect of Laser Modified CuW60 Tungsten Copper Alloy on Its Roughness and Mechanical Properties[J]. Science Technology and Industry, 2025 , 25 (14) : 16 -19 .
钨铜合金是一种由钨和铜作为主要构成元素的复合材料,它通过粉末冶金技术精心制备而成。尽管在传统意义上不被视为真正的合金(因为其内部结构并非单一均匀相),但这种“假合金”却因其卓越的综合性能而备受青睐。具体来说,钨铜合金不仅拥有出色的导电性和导热性,使得它在需要高效散热或电流传输的应用场合中表现出色;同时,还具备极高的熔点,意味着即使在极端高温环境下也能保持物理形态稳定,不易发生变形或者熔化现象。此外,高电击穿强度保证其在高压条件下的安全性,低接触电阻则有利于减少能量损耗,提高设备运行效率[1-3]。无论是在高压电器开关、航天航空领域、机械工程领域,还是在电子电力行业,都展现了不可替代的优势。
铸造的钨铜合金在初始状态下通常表现较高的表面粗糙度以及不尽如人意的力学性能,这往往难以满足高端工业应用中对材料性能的严格要求[4-6]。为了提升其综合性能,包括改善表面的光洁程度、增强硬度、提高耐磨性和抗疲劳强度等关键指标,后处理工艺变得不可或缺。这些后处理方法可能涉及热处理、机械加工、表面涂层技术等多种手段,旨在通过物理或化学的方式改变合金的微观结构,从而优化其宏观表现,使之更加适用于精密制造、航空航天、电子封装等领域的高标准需求。
激光改性技术作为一种先进的材料表面处理手段,能够显著提升材料的粗糙度和力学性能。在提高粗糙度方面,通过精确控制激光参数如功率、扫描速度等,可以在材料表面形成具有特定纹理或结构的特征,从而增加表面的摩擦系数,改善涂层附着力或者增强润滑效果。这种微纳尺度上的形貌改变对于许多应用来说至关重要,比如航空航天部件的减阻设计、医疗器械的生物相容性改进等领域[7-9]
在增强力学性能方面,激光改性同样展现其独特优势。首先,它可以细化晶粒尺寸,根据Hall-Petch关系,较小的晶粒有助于提高材料的强度;其次,快速冷却过程还会产生压应力场,这有利于抑制裂纹扩展,进而提高抗疲劳能力;此外,某些情况下甚至可以通过选择性熔化实现局部成分调整,进一步优化材料的综合性能。总之,利用激光进行材料表面处理不仅能有效改善外观质量,更重要的是能从根本上提升产品的使用寿命及可靠性[10-12]
无涂层激光冲击强化(laser shock peening without coating, LSPwc)技术无须设置吸收层,避免了传统激光冲击强化中涂层带来的复杂性和成本问题。该技术通过直接使用高能激光束对材料表面进行冲击,从而在材料表面形成残余压应力,提高材料的疲劳强度和耐磨性[13]。合理设置LSPwc的工艺参数是确保强化效果的关键。激光功率、脉冲宽度、光斑尺寸等参数需要精确控制,以避免热烧蚀现象的发生,同时保证材料表面的均匀强化。Sano等[14]首次将LSPwc技术应用于水下环境的核反应堆,显著提高了材料的抗腐蚀和耐磨性能。陈春伦等[15]采用LSPwc技术使40CrNiMo结构钢的磨损量降低了38.5%。王学德等[16]表明LSPwc技术使镍基高温合金的疲劳强度提高了16%。
本文拟采用LSPwc技术对CuW60钨铜合金表面改性,通过研究LSPwc技术参数与钨铜合金表面改性宏观/微观性能表现的关系,设计最佳的材料参数试配模型,为制备低粗糙度、高韧性、高弹性、高强度的钨铜合金材料提供一定理论依据,从而更好地满足钨铜合金再机械工程等领域的需求[17-19]
试验对象为CuW60钨铜合金,采用线切割技术加工成20 mm×10 mm×2 mm的块状试样。使用天瑞达公司的Nd:YAG激光器(YSM2000-C30A)进行水光同轴式LSPwc处理,光斑直径为0.8 mm,脉宽为15 ns,频率为59 Hz,波长为532 nm,搭接率为50%。在30、50、70 mJ激光能量条件下分别进行单次强化处理。通过初步工艺优化,评估不同激光能量对材料表面性能的影响,选择性能提升最大的能量条件进行后续多次强化冲击实验。在初步工艺优化后,对性能提升最大的试验组进行多次强化冲击,以验证冲击次数对LSPwc效果的影响。通过对比不同冲击次数下的材料性能,确定最佳的强化次数,实现最佳的表面改性效果。
为了精确地描述CuW60钨铜合金表面在不同冲击次数下的显微硬度和粗糙度特性,依据[20]标准选择500 g的载荷和15 s的加载时间作为进行硬度测试的关键参数。同时,根据王欣玲[21]和周秋凤[22]的规定,对材料表面的粗糙度(Ra/μm)进行详细的表征。
采用HXD-1000TMC / LCD型显微硬度计测量深度方向上的显微硬度。为了获得更准确的数据,在每个深度间隔50 μm进行一次测量,并且在同一深度上重复测量3次,然后取4次测量结果的平均值作为该深度的最终硬度值,再使用KT28-021便携式粗糙度仪评估材料表面的粗糙度,测量3次表面粗糙度Ra。
图1展示了不同激光能量与不同冲击次数LSPwc处理后,CuW60钨铜合金在深度方向上的显微硬度分布情况。实验结果表明,无论使用哪种激光能量进行处理,都能有效地在CuW60钨铜合金中产生显著的加工硬化效应。这种通过LSPwc引入的加工硬化层不仅提高了材料表面及其附近区域的硬度,而且对于改善材料的整体性能具有重要意义。具体来说,30、50、70 mJ三种不同激光能量条件下所得到的样品,在其有效硬化区域内的平均显微硬度分别为263.504、285.75、290.08 HV0.5,相较于未经任何处理的原始状态,这些数值分别增加了约9.23%、18.44%、20.23%。值得注意的是,在这些经过强化处理后的试样内部,从表层开始直至达到一定深度(即所谓的“硬化层”)内,可以观察到一个较为稳定的高硬度水平;而超过这一界限之后,随着距离表面越来越远,材料的硬度会逐渐下降,最终恢复到接近于未被强化前的状态。
虽然较高功率设置下的激光能够带来更深层次的影响区域,但并不意味着其形成的硬化层厚度就一定更大。实际上,在本文中可以看出,当采用70 mJ这样的高能量级别时,反而只产生了300 μm左右的硬化层厚度,这可能是因为过强的冲击波压力导致局部区域过度塑性变形甚至损伤,从而限制整体硬化效果的提升空间。
图1(b)可以看出,随着冲击次数LSPwc的逐渐增加,可以观察到一个明显的趋势:材料表面距离的增加伴随着硬度的显著下降。这一现象表明,在经过多次LSPwc处理后,材料的硬度不仅没有持续增强,反而出现一定程度的减弱。更为引人注目的是,在某些区域,硬度甚至低于了初次LSPwc处理后的硬度水平。推测这是由于冲击波的作用,材料内部会产生一定的残余压应力。随着冲击次数的增加,这些残余压应力可能会逐渐累积,并对材料的微观结构产生影响。当残余压应力达到一定程度时,它可能会对材料的硬度产生负面影响,导致硬度出现略微下降的现象。
表2展示了在不同激光能量和不同冲击次数条件下,经过LSPwc工艺处理后的CuW60钨铜合金的硬度及表面粗糙度的变化情况。从实验数据可以看出,随着施加于材料上的激光能量按照一定规律逐渐增加时,样品表面的粗糙程度呈现明显的下降趋势。这一现象可以归因于在没有设置专门用于吸收多余能量的材料层的情况下,更高功率密度的激光直接作用于工件表面,导致更强烈的烧蚀与重熔过程发生。当使用更大强度的激光进行加工时,不仅能够提高单位面积内的热输入量,还会扩大受热影响区域范围,从而使得被处理部分经历更加剧烈的物理状态改变,包括但不限于熔化、流动及快速冷却固化等阶段。
通过对原始测量值进行标准化处理后得到的结果进一步证实了上述结论:相较于未经任何特殊处理的基础状态下,采用30、50、70 mJ三种不同级别激光能量对CuW60合金实施单次冲击后,其平均表面粗糙度Ra分别降低了约1%、3%、7%。此外,值得注意的是,随着重复执行该过程的次数增多,最终获得的CuW60钨铜合金制品展现更高的表面光洁度水平,具体表现为当累积至一定数量级的冲击事件之后,该金属材料的整体外观质量达到了一个新的高度,即其平均表面粗糙度达到了0.97 μm左右。这表明通过合理控制激光参数并优化工艺流程设计,可以有效地改善此类高性能复合材料制品的关键性能表面精度和硬度。
在对CuW60钨铜合金进行LSPwc(激光表面冲击波处理)的过程中,探究了激光工艺参数对材料力学性能和表面完整性能的影响规律。通过一系列的实验研究和数据分析,得出以下结论。
首先,LSPwc技术能够在试样的深度方向上形成一层有效的加工硬化层。这一现象表明,通过LSPwc处理,材料的硬度得到显著的提升。进一步的研究发现,无论是增加激光的能量还是提高激光的冲击次数,都能明显增强LSPwc的加工硬化效果。这意味着,通过调整激光工艺参数,可以有效地控制材料的力学性能,以满足不同的工程需求。
其次,LSPwc处理过程中的热累积效应对材料的表面粗糙度产生显著的影响。具体来说,随着激光能量的增加,烧蚀重熔的现象变得更加剧烈,这反而导致材料表面的粗糙度有所降低。然而,当激光多次冲击材料时,由于材料对激光能量的非均匀吸收,使得表面粗糙度略微变差。这一发现揭示了LSPwc处理过程中热累积效应与表面粗糙度之间的复杂关系,为优化工艺参数提供了重要的参考依据。
综上所述,通过对CuW60钨铜合金进行LSPwc处理的研究,不仅深入了解了激光工艺参数对材料力学性能和表面完整性能的影响规律,还发现了一些有趣的现象和规律。这些研究成果将为实际应用中更好地利用LSPwc技术提供有力的支持。
  • 2022年湖南省教育厅科学研究一般项目(22C0936)
  • 2022年国家级大学生创新训练项目(202213924002)
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2025年第25卷第14期
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  • 接收时间:2025-01-14
  • 首发时间:2025-09-15
  • 出版时间:2025-07-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-01-14
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2022年湖南省教育厅科学研究一般项目(22C0936)
2022年国家级大学生创新训练项目(202213924002)
作者信息
    1 南岳电控(衡阳)工业技术股份有限公司, 湖南 衡阳 421007
    2 湖南交通工程学院交通运输工程学院, 湖南 衡阳 421000
    3 北京理工大学机械与车辆学院, 北京 100081

通讯作者:

向和平(1985—),男,湖南永州人,博士研究生,研究方向为内燃机燃料供给系统和新型材料力学性能。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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genus
种数
Number of
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占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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