Article(id=1153992896740057563, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, issueId=1153992893040677529, articleNumber=1671-1807(2025)06-0215-06, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1728144000000, receivedDateStr=2024-10-06, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1753062946734, onlineDateStr=2025-07-21, pubDate=1742832000000, pubDateStr=2025-03-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1753062946734, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1753062946734, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753062946734, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1153992893040677529, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, year='2025', volume='25', issue='6', pageStart='1', pageEnd='376', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1753062945851, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1755224695430, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1163059927997072066, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, issueId=1153992893040677529, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1163059927997072067, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, issueId=1153992893040677529, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=215, endPage=220, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1153992897595695598, articleId=1153992896740057563, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, language=EN, title=Research on the Influence of Fractures on the Deformation Stability of Deep Trench Slope Based on PLAXIS: Taking the Deep Cutting Slope in Caixi Township, Fujian Province as an Example, columnId=1151877659354558495, journalTitle=Science Technology and Industry, columnName=Regional Practice, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Based on the deep cutting landslide treatment project in Caixi Township, PLAXIS 3D was used to establish a slope model with complex cracks under rainfall conditions, and the existence of cracks and the slope deformation stability under different fissure depths were analyzed. The result shows that the sliding surface of the slope changes significantly with increasing fissure depth. When the crack depth is close to the potential sliding surface, the crack divides the landslide into two separate parts, one is the crack surface itself and the other is the original sliding surface below the crack. This segmentation effect leads in a significant reduction in the slope stability. It is further found that there is a threshold effect between the crack depth and the slope stability, that is, the slope stability does not change much before the crack depth reaches a certain critical value. When the crack depth exceeds this critical value, the slope stability will decrease sharply. It reveals the influence mechanism of fissure on slope stability, in order to provide a scientific basis for slope engineering design, disaster prevention and treatment.

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基于菜溪乡深路堑滑坡治理工程,采用PLAXIS 3D建立降雨条件下含裂隙复杂边坡模型,分析裂隙的存在及不同裂隙深度条件下边坡变形稳定性时空变化规律。研究表明,随着裂隙深度的增加,边坡的滑动面会发生显著变化。当裂隙深度接近潜在滑动面时,裂隙会将滑坡体分割成两个独立的部分,一部分是裂隙面本身,另一部分是裂隙以下原始滑动面。这种分割作用导致边坡的稳定性显著降低。进一步研究发现,裂隙深度与边坡稳定性之间存在阈值效应,即在裂隙深度达到某一临界值之前,边坡稳定性变化不大;而当裂隙深度超过该临界值时,边坡稳定性会急剧下降。揭示了裂隙对边坡稳定性的影响机制,以期为边坡工程设计、灾害预防和治理提供了科学依据。

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王广达(1992—),男,山东济南人,初级工程师,研究方向为工程技术;

刘道奇(1997—),男,山东济南人,硕士研究生,研究方向为岩土与地下工程。

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王广达(1992—),男,山东济南人,初级工程师,研究方向为工程技术;

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王广达(1992—),男,山东济南人,初级工程师,研究方向为工程技术;

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名称 W1 W2 单位
天然重度(γunsat) 18.6 20 kN/m3
饱和重度(γsat) 20 22 kN/m3
弹性模量(E) 10×103 25×103 MPa
有效粘聚力(c') 15.0 22 kPa
有效内摩擦角(ϕ') 19.8 28 (°)
泊松比(μ) 0.33 0.28
轴渗透系数(x) 0.05 5 m/d
轴渗透系数(y) 0.05 5 m/d
轴渗透系数(z) 0.05 5 m/d
), ArticleFig(id=1245461212339749822, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, articleId=1153992896740057563, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

计算参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
名称 W1 W2 单位
天然重度(γunsat) 18.6 20 kN/m3
饱和重度(γsat) 20 22 kN/m3
弹性模量(E) 10×103 25×103 MPa
有效粘聚力(c') 15.0 22 kPa
有效内摩擦角(ϕ') 19.8 28 (°)
泊松比(μ) 0.33 0.28
轴渗透系数(x) 0.05 5 m/d
轴渗透系数(y) 0.05 5 m/d
轴渗透系数(z) 0.05 5 m/d
), ArticleFig(id=1245461212524299205, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, articleId=1153992896740057563, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方案
编号
裂隙
位置
裂隙深
度/m
裂隙数量 裂隙角
度/(°)
影响因素
A0 0 无裂隙
B1 1.5
B2 第二台阶 2.5 1 0 裂隙深度
B3 4.2
), ArticleFig(id=1245461212721431503, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, articleId=1153992896740057563, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

裂隙对边坡稳定性影响的数值分析方案

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方案
编号
裂隙
位置
裂隙深
度/m
裂隙数量 裂隙角
度/(°)
影响因素
A0 0 无裂隙
B1 1.5
B2 第二台阶 2.5 1 0 裂隙深度
B3 4.2
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基于PLAXIS的裂隙对深路堑边坡变形稳定性影响研究———以福建菜溪乡边坡为例
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王广达 1 , 刘道奇 2
科技和产业 | 区域实践 2025,25(6): 215-220
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科技和产业 | 区域实践 2025, 25(6): 215-220
基于PLAXIS的裂隙对深路堑边坡变形稳定性影响研究———以福建菜溪乡边坡为例
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王广达1, 刘道奇2
作者信息
  • 1 山东美誉工程咨询有限公司, 济南 250000
  • 2 山东中勘工程技术有限公司, 济南 250000
  • 王广达(1992—),男,山东济南人,初级工程师,研究方向为工程技术;

    刘道奇(1997—),男,山东济南人,硕士研究生,研究方向为岩土与地下工程。

Research on the Influence of Fractures on the Deformation Stability of Deep Trench Slope Based on PLAXIS: Taking the Deep Cutting Slope in Caixi Township, Fujian Province as an Example
Guangda WANG1, Daoqi LIU2
Affiliations
  • 1 Shandong Meiyu Engineering Consulting Co. Ltd., Jinan 250100, China
  • 2 Shandong Zhongkan Engineering Technology Co. Ltd., Jinan 250100, China
出版时间: 2025-03-25
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基于菜溪乡深路堑滑坡治理工程,采用PLAXIS 3D建立降雨条件下含裂隙复杂边坡模型,分析裂隙的存在及不同裂隙深度条件下边坡变形稳定性时空变化规律。研究表明,随着裂隙深度的增加,边坡的滑动面会发生显著变化。当裂隙深度接近潜在滑动面时,裂隙会将滑坡体分割成两个独立的部分,一部分是裂隙面本身,另一部分是裂隙以下原始滑动面。这种分割作用导致边坡的稳定性显著降低。进一步研究发现,裂隙深度与边坡稳定性之间存在阈值效应,即在裂隙深度达到某一临界值之前,边坡稳定性变化不大;而当裂隙深度超过该临界值时,边坡稳定性会急剧下降。揭示了裂隙对边坡稳定性的影响机制,以期为边坡工程设计、灾害预防和治理提供了科学依据。

PLAXS数值模拟  /  裂隙  /  边坡稳定性  /  滑动面

Based on the deep cutting landslide treatment project in Caixi Township, PLAXIS 3D was used to establish a slope model with complex cracks under rainfall conditions, and the existence of cracks and the slope deformation stability under different fissure depths were analyzed. The result shows that the sliding surface of the slope changes significantly with increasing fissure depth. When the crack depth is close to the potential sliding surface, the crack divides the landslide into two separate parts, one is the crack surface itself and the other is the original sliding surface below the crack. This segmentation effect leads in a significant reduction in the slope stability. It is further found that there is a threshold effect between the crack depth and the slope stability, that is, the slope stability does not change much before the crack depth reaches a certain critical value. When the crack depth exceeds this critical value, the slope stability will decrease sharply. It reveals the influence mechanism of fissure on slope stability, in order to provide a scientific basis for slope engineering design, disaster prevention and treatment.

MIDAS numerical simulation  /  crack  /  slope stability  /  sliding surface
王广达, 刘道奇. 基于PLAXIS的裂隙对深路堑边坡变形稳定性影响研究———以福建菜溪乡边坡为例. 科技和产业, 2025 , 25 (6) : 215 -220 .
Guangda WANG, Daoqi LIU. Research on the Influence of Fractures on the Deformation Stability of Deep Trench Slope Based on PLAXIS: Taking the Deep Cutting Slope in Caixi Township, Fujian Province as an Example[J]. Science Technology and Industry, 2025 , 25 (6) : 215 -220 .
滑坡是一种极易造成重大人员伤亡和经济损失的自然灾害,其中降雨是滑坡发生的重要因素[1-3],持续高强度降雨入渗导致土体含水率上升而强度下降[4]。因为地球表面的土大多是非饱和土,降雨影响下,非饱和土边坡最易发生平行于边坡表面的浅层破坏[5]。以2017年为例,中国共发生7 521处地质灾害,其中滑坡5 524、处坍塌1 356 处、泥石流387处、地面塌陷206处,总共造成523人伤亡,其中死亡人数329,直接经济损失达到359 477万元,滑坡在地质灾害中占比为73.92%,滑坡对我国人民的经济财产及生命安全影响可见其厉害程度。
影响边坡稳定性的因素有很多,但最主要的是降雨和蒸发这两方面。降雨入渗使得边坡土体含水率上升,含水率的变化引起基质吸力的下降从而使得土体强度下降,最终引发边坡失稳。蒸发主要是在降雨过后起到作用,一方面是坡面蒸发,另一方面是坡体内部水汽交换,使得土体水分重分布提高了边坡稳定性[6]。蒸发过程进行时会使土体干缩开裂,裂隙的产生会导致土体的力学性能显著降低[7]。裂隙会成为水分迁移的优先路径,成倍地增加土体的渗透性[8]。随着干湿循环次数的增加,裂隙会成为削弱边坡稳定性,致使滑坡产生的重要因素。因此有必要研究分析降雨-蒸发产生的裂隙对边坡变形稳定性影响。
本文以福建地区菜溪乡深路堑滑坡治理工程为实际案例,旨在探讨降雨-蒸发作用下张拉裂隙对花岗岩残积土边坡稳定性的影响。利用PLAXIS 3D软件构建了三维含裂隙多级边坡数值模型,模拟了不同裂隙深度情况下多级复杂边坡变形稳定,揭示裂隙对边坡变形稳定性的作用机制。通过对裂隙发展机制的深入分析,可以为边坡工程的设计和施工提供更加合理的建议,以期预防和减少滑坡灾害的发生。
福建省普通国省道干线公路联二线(仙游境)游洋天马至西苑半林段K62+540~K62+720深路堑左侧边坡为山脊鞍部地段,属剥蚀丘陵、低山地貌区,山坡整体坡度为30°~35°。该段路基天然边坡稳定,边坡位于菜溪乡东北侧,距离省海复线菜溪互通约700 m。边坡山脊鞍部地段,鞍部开挖后,设计采用2级放坡开挖,目前上部3阶已采用预应力锚索(杆)框架梁防护,坡底采用现浇片石砼挡墙防护,其墙高约5 m,基础埋深为1.5~2.0 m。由于该边坡覆盖层较厚,岩体松散(软),在坡脚挡墙基础开挖后,坡体受到施工扰动及持续降雨的影响,坡体发生滑坡,使边坡第2阶平台处发生开裂、下沉,后缘形成长约100 m、下错达50~60 cm、最大宽度约50 cm的主裂缝,使已完成施工的锚索框架梁遭受不同程度的下沉、破坏,多处横梁及其变形缝处发生扭曲、错位,封锚锁头内陷,其横梁最大错位为40~45 cm;一阶挡墙出现裂缝、位移等。如图1所示。
裂隙边坡渗流可将边坡简化为单一均质土层,数值模型如图2所示。
用PLAXIS 3D建立如图2所示的边坡模型,不同的网格划分对数值模拟结果影响极大,越细的划分网格得到的结果越准确且符合预期,但计算效率会成倍数的减小,为平衡模拟结果准确性及计算效率,本次模拟网格划分疏密程度为“细”,对裂隙区域加密处理。
数值模型整体边界条件选择xmaxymaxyminzmin关闭,其余边界打开。模型左边界与右边界地下水位以下均按固定水头计算孔压,地下水位以上为零流量边界;模型上边界为降雨入渗边界,设置降雨强度为80 mm/d,降雨持续时间为7 d。模型高程3 m处为水平地下水位线。
土的渗透性函数及土-水特征曲线采用Van Genuchten方程拟合。自定义模型参数参考残积土相关文献[9]选择Sres=0.10,Ssat=1.0,gn=1.3,ga=2.4 m-1。如图3所示,土-水特征曲线与渗透系数函数曲线由PLAXIS 3D自动生成,其中kr=k/ksat为相对渗透系数。
模型计算参数按照实际地勘报告内容选取,凝灰岩黏性残积土(W1)与强风化凝灰岩残积土(W2)选用相同土水特征曲线,强风化凝灰岩残积土(W2)的饱和渗透系数远小于凝灰岩黏性残积土(W1)。针对福建地区残积土裂隙深度研究情况[10-11],裂隙深度为1.5~4.2 m。如表1所示。
数值分析过程中裂隙宽度选择为远小于边坡尺寸,裂隙长度选取1.5、2.5、4.2 m,计算方案如表2所示。
图4(b)展示了边坡的水平位移云图,可以明显观察到,在滑坡体影响范围内,靠近边坡坡面及坡脚区域的水平位移量显著较大。这一现象表明滑坡的发展过程可能是由下部滑坡体的先期滑动所触发,并进而带动上部滑坡体的移动。图4(a)同样揭示了类似的位移规律,进一步验证了上述推论。
图4(c)图4(d)分别展示了总位移和应变增量云图,这些图像直观地指示了潜在滑动面的位置。分析结果显示,滑坡深度在5 m内,属于浅层滑坡。在实际滑坡工程中,最危险的滑动面通常与滑体中部的软硬接触面相对应,而滑体的顶部和底部则主要沿着层间不均匀的软弱结构面发生滑动。滑动面常常位于软弱土层W1与具有一定强度的土层W2的交界处,这一发现与现实浅层滑坡的地质情况相吻合。
图5描述了使用PLAXIS 3D软件应用强度折减法计算边坡安全系数的过程,展示了安全系数随着计算步骤的进行而逐步提升的情况。最终,计算得出的初始边坡安全系数值为1.189,表明边坡在天然状态下处于稳定状态。
图6展示了边坡在不同裂隙深度(分别为1.5 m、2.5 m及4.2 m)下的极限状态下的增量位移云图及变形网格。这些图像直观地反映了裂隙深度对边坡稳定性的影响。
通过对比图6(a)~图6(d)可知,在裂隙深度较浅时,裂隙与最危险滑动面的距离较大,裂隙的存在主要导致边坡滑体形态的微小变化,对滑坡体的体积和滑动面位置的影响不显著。然而,随着裂隙深度的增加,如图6(c)图6(e)所示,当裂隙尖端延伸至滑动面位置时,裂隙将初始滑坡体分割成两部分,最终滑动面由裂隙面及其下方的初始滑动面共同构成。这一变化显著影响了边坡的破坏模式。
图6(b)图6(d)图6(f)进一步展示了不同裂隙深度下的边坡变形网格。通过对比可知,随着裂隙深度的增加,边坡的变形程度也随之增大。
图7描述了不同裂隙深度与边坡稳定性系数之间的关系。分析结果显示,随着裂隙深度的增加,边坡的安全系数逐渐降低。具体来说,当裂隙深度为1.5 m时,边坡稳定性系数为1.188,与无裂隙边坡的1.189相差甚微,这表明在无降雨条件下,浅层裂隙对边坡稳定性的影响较小。然而,当裂隙深度增加至4.2 m时,边坡稳定性系数降至1.168,与初始边坡稳定性相比有了显著降低。这一结果表明,裂隙深度的增加在接近或达到初始滑动面位置时,会导致边坡安全系数的急剧下降。
综上所述,裂隙深度是影响边坡稳定性的关键因素。裂隙的存在不仅改变了边坡的破坏模式,而且在达到一定深度时,会显著降低边坡的安全系数。
(1)在边坡稳定性分析中有必要考虑土层结构和层间软弱面,对于由多层土层构成的多级边坡,其潜在的最危险滑动面极有可能沿着层间不均匀的软弱结构面发展。
(2)当边坡中存在的裂隙相对较浅,与潜在的最危险滑动面距离较大时,裂隙对边坡滑体的形态影响较小,基本不会改变滑坡体的体积和滑动面的位置。此外,此类裂隙对边坡的安全稳定性影响不显著。
(3)随着裂隙深度的增加,当裂隙尖端延伸至潜在滑动面附近时,裂隙将显著改变边坡的稳定性。具体表现为裂隙将初始滑坡体分割为两部分,其中最终滑动面由裂隙面及其下方的初始滑动面共同构成,这一变化对边坡的安全稳定性构成严重威胁。
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  • 接收时间:2024-10-06
  • 首发时间:2025-07-21
  • 出版时间:2025-03-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-10-06
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