Article(id=1153992829199175956, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, issueId=1153992827261412198, articleNumber=1671-1807(2025)05-0108-07, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1725206400000, receivedDateStr=2024-09-02, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1753062930630, onlineDateStr=2025-07-21, pubDate=1741536000000, pubDateStr=2025-03-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1753062930630, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1753062930630, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753062930630, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1153992827261412198, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, year='2025', volume='25', issue='5', pageStart='1', pageEnd='368', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1753062930169, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753063450817, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1153995011059340165, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, issueId=1153992827261412198, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1153995011063534470, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, issueId=1153992827261412198, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=108, endPage=114, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1153992829635383574, articleId=1153992829199175956, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, language=EN, title=Influencing Factors of Water Pressure Outside the Composite Lining of Isotropic Shallow Buried Tunnels, columnId=1151876674645226399, journalTitle=Science Technology and Industry, columnName=Technology Innovation, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Taking the No.1 tunnel of an irrigation district as the engineering background, the waterproofing design principle of “blocking water and limiting drainage” was adopted to explore the influencing factors of external water pressure under the composite lining condition of isotropic shallow buried tunnels. A simplified model of composite lining was established to analyze and derive the analytical solution of the variation in external water pressure and seepage volume in relation to the surrounding rock's permeability, grouting layer, lining permeability and head. At the same time, the Midas finite element software was used to calculate the water pressure and seepage volume under different conditions to verify the reasonableness of the analytical solution. The study shows that the permeability and thickness of the grouting ring have a greater influence on the water pressure and seepage volume outside the lining, and the construction of the grouting ring should be emphasized. With the increase of the depth of the drainage hole into the rock, the water pressure outside the tunnel lining gradually decreases. Therefore, in the environment of high groundwater head, setting drainage holes on the tunnel is the best effective measure to reduce the external water pressure.

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Hengheng DU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1153992885402849753, articleId=1153992829199175956, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, language=CN, title=各向同性浅埋隧洞复合衬砌外水压力影响因素, columnId=1151876674787832737, journalTitle=科技和产业, columnName=科技创新, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

以某灌区1号隧洞为工程背景,采用“堵水限排”的防水设计原则,探讨各向同性浅埋隧洞复合衬砌条件下外水压力的影响因素。建立复合衬砌简化模型,解析推导隧洞衬砌外水压力和渗流量随围岩渗透性、灌浆层渗透性、衬砌渗透性以及水头变化的解析解。同时运用Midas有限元软件计算不同条件下隧洞衬砌外水压力和渗流量大小,验证解析解的合理性。研究表明,灌浆圈的渗透性和厚度对衬砌外水压力和渗流量的影响较大,应当重视灌浆圈的施工。随着排水孔入岩深度的增大,隧洞衬砌外水压力逐渐减小。因此,在较高地下水头作用环境下,隧道上设置排水孔是降低外水压力的最有效措施。

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=6JXEknnZLR+eSz7+U875Bw==, magXml=12bng41gbAnhIb45nRNM2A==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=v4KkTHlJIjGal0Zu4hrdMw==, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=bWi2wddrwrtkc6S7wTjhKg==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=pLYylg6QhT4lKkgaSXTorQ==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

杜恒恒(1997—),女,河南焦作人,硕士研究生,研究方向为地下隧道工程。

, authorsList=杜恒恒)}, authors=[Author(id=1245743552328741095, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, articleId=1153992829199175956, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1245743553863856369, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, articleId=1153992829199175956, authorId=1245743552328741095, language=EN, stringName=Hengheng DU, firstName=Hengheng, middleName=null, lastName=DU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=College of Geosciences and Engineering, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450046, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1245743553993879805, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, articleId=1153992829199175956, authorId=1245743552328741095, language=CN, stringName=杜恒恒, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=华北水利水电大学地球科学与工程学院, 郑州 450046, bio={"content":"

杜恒恒(1997—),女,河南焦作人,硕士研究生,研究方向为地下隧道工程。

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

杜恒恒(1997—),女,河南焦作人,硕士研究生,研究方向为地下隧道工程。

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1245743552190329054, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, articleId=1153992829199175956, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1245743552198717663, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, articleId=1153992829199175956, companyId=1245743552190329054, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=College of Geosciences and Engineering, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450046, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1245743552211300577, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, articleId=1153992829199175956, companyId=1245743552190329054, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=华北水利水电大学地球科学与工程学院, 郑州 450046)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1245743554203595020, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, articleId=1153992829199175956, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=water blockage and drainage), Keyword(id=1245743554329424148, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, articleId=1153992829199175956, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=external water pressure of lining), Keyword(id=1245743554451058976, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, articleId=1153992829199175956, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=seepage volume), Keyword(id=1245743554602053935, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, articleId=1153992829199175956, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=analytical solution), Keyword(id=1245743554685940021, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, articleId=1153992829199175956, language=EN, orderNo=5, keyword=numerical simulation), Keyword(id=1245743554807574848, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, articleId=1153992829199175956, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=堵水限排), Keyword(id=1245743554891460938, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, articleId=1153992829199175956, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=衬砌外水压力), Keyword(id=1245743555025678681, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, articleId=1153992829199175956, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=渗流量), Keyword(id=1245743555143119202, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, articleId=1153992829199175956, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=解析解), Keyword(id=1245743555336057200, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, articleId=1153992829199175956, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=数值模拟)], refs=[Reference(id=1245743560247587521, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, articleId=1153992829199175956, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=44, issue=8, pageStart=1549, pageEnd=1557, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=刘立鹏, 汪小刚, 段庆伟, journalName=岩土工程学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=刘立鹏, 汪小刚, 段庆伟, . 高压富水地层水工隧洞衬砌外水压力确定与应对措施[J]. 岩土工程学报, 2022, 44(8): 1549-1557., articleTitle=高压富水地层水工隧洞衬砌外水压力确定与应对措施, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1245743560461497042, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, articleId=1153992829199175956, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=19, issue=5, pageStart=1646, pageEnd=1655, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=1, authorNames=吴梦军, 钟祖良, 王益, journalName=地下空间与工程学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=吴梦军, 钟祖良, 王益, . 富水公路隧道抗水压衬砌结构安全评价研究[J]. 地下空间与工程学报, 2023, 19(5): 1646-1655., articleTitle=富水公路隧道抗水压衬砌结构安全评价研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1245743560595714783, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, articleId=1153992829199175956, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=69, issue=5, pageStart=466, pageEnd=472, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=2, authorNames=郑丰伟, 陈海, 周小涵, journalName=公路, refType=null, unstructuredReference=郑丰伟, 陈海, 周小涵, . 隧道排水模式对渗流场影响及限排量研究[J]. 公路, 2024, 69(5): 466-472., articleTitle=隧道排水模式对渗流场影响及限排量研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1245743560759292657, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, articleId=1153992829199175956, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=41, issue=S1, pageStart=165, pageEnd=168, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=3, authorNames=郭鸿雁, 纪亚英, 方林, journalName=岩土工程学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=郭鸿雁, 纪亚英, 方林, . 基于流固耦合分析的富水隧道外水压力与限量排放标准研究[J]. 岩土工程学报, 2019, 41(S1): 165-168., articleTitle=基于流固耦合分析的富水隧道外水压力与限量排放标准研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1245743560964813572, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, articleId=1153992829199175956, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=59, issue=3, pageStart=201, pageEnd=210, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=4, authorNames=黄世光, 杨艳娜, 范全忠, journalName=现代隧道技术, refType=null, unstructuredReference=黄世光, 杨艳娜, 范全忠, . 隧道堵水限排设计参数变化规律试验研究[J]. 现代隧道技术, 2022, 59(3): 201-210., articleTitle=隧道堵水限排设计参数变化规律试验研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1245743561178723091, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, articleId=1153992829199175956, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=55, issue=6, pageStart=2222, pageEnd=2235, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=5, authorNames=苏凯, 杨逢杰, 年夫喜, journalName=中南大学学报(自然科学版), refType=null, unstructuredReference=苏凯, 杨逢杰, 年夫喜, . 超深埋隧洞防渗排水措施与衬砌外水压力分布规律[J]. 中南大学学报(自然科学版), 2024, 55(6): 2222-2235., articleTitle=超深埋隧洞防渗排水措施与衬砌外水压力分布规律, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1245743562831278884, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, articleId=1153992829199175956, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=24, issue=7, pageStart=165, pageEnd=171, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=6, authorNames=赵坤, 邹琼燕, journalName=科技和产业, refType=null, unstructuredReference=赵坤, 邹琼燕. 数值模拟法确定临江地区地下室抗浮设防水位[J]. 科技和产业, 2024, 24(7): 165-171., articleTitle=数值模拟法确定临江地区地下室抗浮设防水位, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1245743563036799790, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, articleId=1153992829199175956, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=23, issue=7, pageStart=170, pageEnd=176, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=7, authorNames=胡恒福, journalName=科技和产业, refType=null, unstructuredReference=胡恒福. 富水岩溶铁路隧道水害成因及排水洞整治效果分析[J]. 科技和产业, 2023, 23(7): 170-176., articleTitle=富水岩溶铁路隧道水害成因及排水洞整治效果分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1245743563191989050, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, articleId=1153992829199175956, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=45, issue=5, pageStart=25, pageEnd=30, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=8, authorNames=王丹, 戚海棠, 任旭华, journalName=三峡大学学报(自然科学版), refType=null, unstructuredReference=王丹, 戚海棠, 任旭华, . 富水区深埋隧洞不同渗控措施下的外水压力解析计算方法研究[J]. 三峡大学学报(自然科学版), 2023, 45(5): 25-30., articleTitle=富水区深埋隧洞不同渗控措施下的外水压力解析计算方法研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1245743563384927049, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, articleId=1153992829199175956, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=23, issue=8, pageStart=3502, pageEnd=3510, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=9, authorNames=张洪伟, 汤文昊, 费连跃, journalName=科学技术与工程, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张洪伟, 汤文昊, 费连跃, . 山岭隧道衬砌外水压力公式解析研究[J]. 科学技术与工程, 2023, 23(8): 3502-3510., articleTitle=山岭隧道衬砌外水压力公式解析研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1245743563540116311, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, articleId=1153992829199175956, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=10, authorNames=冯晓成, journalName=高外水深埋隧洞渗控措施分析及衬砌长期稳定性研究, refType=null, unstructuredReference=冯晓成. 高外水深埋隧洞渗控措施分析及衬砌长期稳定性研究[D]. 天津: 天津大学, 2016., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1245743563712082795, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, articleId=1153992829199175956, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=37, issue=10, pageStart=2288, pageEnd=2298, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=11, authorNames=于丽, 方霖, 董宇苍, journalName=岩石力学与工程学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=于丽, 方霖, 董宇苍, . 基于围岩渗透影响范围的隧道外水压力计算方法模型试验研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2018, 37(10), 2288-2298., articleTitle=基于围岩渗透影响范围的隧道外水压力计算方法模型试验研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1245743563871466362, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, articleId=1153992829199175956, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=39, issue=12, pageStart=68, pageEnd=74, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=12, authorNames=毕发江, 何军, 张雨霆, journalName=长江科学院院报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=毕发江, 何军, 张雨霆, . 排水结构设置后软岩隧洞的渗流-应力耦合分析[J]. 长江科学院院报, 2022, 39(12): 68-74., articleTitle=排水结构设置后软岩隧洞的渗流-应力耦合分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1245743563984712580, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, articleId=1153992829199175956, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=53, issue=7, pageStart=148, pageEnd=153, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=13, authorNames=赵力, 苏岩, 王博, journalName=人民长江, refType=null, unstructuredReference=赵力, 苏岩, 王博, . 堵排水方式对秦岭隧洞衬砌外水压力的影响研究[J]. 人民长江, 2022, 53(7): 148-153., articleTitle=堵排水方式对秦岭隧洞衬砌外水压力的影响研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1245743564106347409, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, articleId=1153992829199175956, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=20, issue=9, pageStart=207, pageEnd=212, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=14, authorNames=赵毅, journalName=科技和产业, refType=null, unstructuredReference=赵毅. 深埋长隧洞不良地质治理关键技术研究[J]. 科技和产业, 2020, 20(9): 207-212., articleTitle=深埋长隧洞不良地质治理关键技术研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1245743564274119580, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, articleId=1153992829199175956, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=40, issue=5, pageStart=1287, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=15, authorNames=YAO J, WANG Y, FENG D, journalName=International Journal of Heat and Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YAO J, WANG Y, FENG D. Application of drainage technique to water diversion tunnels in water-rich Karst Area[J]. International Journal of Heat and Technology, 2022, 40(5): 1287., articleTitle=Application of drainage technique to water diversion tunnels in water-rich Karst Area, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1245743564420920232, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, articleId=1153992829199175956, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=40, issue=9, pageStart=4595, pageEnd=4615, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=16, authorNames=ZHANG Z J, ZENG C P, LI H, journalName=Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANG Z J, ZENG C P, LI H, et al. Optimal design of the seepage control for Xianglushan diversion tunnel under high external water pressure[J]. Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, 2022, 40(9): 4595-4615., articleTitle=Optimal design of the seepage control for Xianglushan diversion tunnel under high external water pressure, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1245743552190329054, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, articleId=1153992829199175956, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1245743552198717663, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, articleId=1153992829199175956, companyId=1245743552190329054, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=College of Geosciences and Engineering, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450046, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1245743552211300577, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, articleId=1153992829199175956, companyId=1245743552190329054, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=华北水利水电大学地球科学与工程学院, 郑州 450046)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1245743555659018636, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, articleId=1153992829199175956, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=Yx3vFHwkHaYjAlAz/2UoHg==, figureFileBig=wtY/2OPlbOy9CXORZWbSjA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245743555793236377, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, articleId=1153992829199175956, language=CN, label=图1, caption=现场隧洞塌方情况, figureFileSmall=Yx3vFHwkHaYjAlAz/2UoHg==, figureFileBig=wtY/2OPlbOy9CXORZWbSjA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245743555935842726, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, articleId=1153992829199175956, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=BhrLnqSS/r0BpPFUGhPLpQ==, figureFileBig=efQ2shTolxDUkDJDYiwNyg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245743556061671858, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, articleId=1153992829199175956, language=CN, label=图2, caption=复合衬砌简化模型, figureFileSmall=BhrLnqSS/r0BpPFUGhPLpQ==, figureFileBig=efQ2shTolxDUkDJDYiwNyg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245743556221055420, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, articleId=1153992829199175956, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=s+fPM504ZaZl0H1XDO6EIA==, figureFileBig=XLIj4iaZo8eeI/XVcEZJBw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245743556351078858, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, articleId=1153992829199175956, language=CN, label=图3, caption=复合衬砌有限元模型, figureFileSmall=s+fPM504ZaZl0H1XDO6EIA==, figureFileBig=XLIj4iaZo8eeI/XVcEZJBw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245743556506268124, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, articleId=1153992829199175956, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=v9HodoY++T9OTiuN2LV90w==, figureFileBig=CzTKeHL8dg3DRGmAz9Jbag==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245743556632097259, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, articleId=1153992829199175956, language=CN, label=图4, caption=不同水头高度H下外水压力云图, figureFileSmall=v9HodoY++T9OTiuN2LV90w==, figureFileBig=CzTKeHL8dg3DRGmAz9Jbag==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245743556841812473, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, articleId=1153992829199175956, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=t88r5uloMtBjwLh7dZE9Uw==, figureFileBig=pz0597FBw90eNr2VQU4uVA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245743558355956234, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, articleId=1153992829199175956, language=CN, label=图5, caption=渗流量及折减系数随水头变化趋势, figureFileSmall=t88r5uloMtBjwLh7dZE9Uw==, figureFileBig=pz0597FBw90eNr2VQU4uVA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245743558477591062, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, articleId=1153992829199175956, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=IP827Oc+FCr8qwywh3UgPw==, figureFileBig=BaDHt5gk5d8o6rmjvoFwsQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245743558595031587, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, articleId=1153992829199175956, language=CN, label=图6, caption=渗流量及折减系数随围岩渗透性变化趋势, figureFileSmall=IP827Oc+FCr8qwywh3UgPw==, figureFileBig=BaDHt5gk5d8o6rmjvoFwsQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245743558737637937, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, articleId=1153992829199175956, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=03KNcJeeIfLkB4b0rqFgSw==, figureFileBig=0ADnz0En0eeYSNSYCboZGw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245743558930575939, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, articleId=1153992829199175956, language=CN, label=图7, caption=渗流量及折减系数随衬砌厚度变化趋势, figureFileSmall=03KNcJeeIfLkB4b0rqFgSw==, figureFileBig=0ADnz0En0eeYSNSYCboZGw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245743559110931022, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, articleId=1153992829199175956, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=bhVqn94Eq7+RgmplkswOvg==, figureFileBig=fLUuaxXoNoflUS8l4g/HfQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245743559316451944, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, articleId=1153992829199175956, language=CN, label=图8, caption=渗流量及折减系数随灌浆圈厚度变化趋势, figureFileSmall=bhVqn94Eq7+RgmplkswOvg==, figureFileBig=fLUuaxXoNoflUS8l4g/HfQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245743559467446905, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, articleId=1153992829199175956, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=pJdl7Qi7P5KHsNqaC3uG7Q==, figureFileBig=vBuQ6uub0Nq0s0fRAD5+gQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245743559639413382, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, articleId=1153992829199175956, language=CN, label=图9, caption=衬砌外水压力折减系数与隧洞排水量的关系, figureFileSmall=pJdl7Qi7P5KHsNqaC3uG7Q==, figureFileBig=vBuQ6uub0Nq0s0fRAD5+gQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245743559786214037, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, articleId=1153992829199175956, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=6tzoHdVw7Fx6uPLfg8nITg==, figureFileBig=XsOuDIZYyzdy3Pa6eoN25g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245743559987540647, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, articleId=1153992829199175956, language=CN, label=图10, caption=排水孔入岩深度对外水压力的影响, figureFileSmall=6tzoHdVw7Fx6uPLfg8nITg==, figureFileBig=XsOuDIZYyzdy3Pa6eoN25g==, tableContent=null)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1146119232468656133, delFlag=0, nameCn=科技和产业, nameEn=Science Technology and Industry, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=1671-1807, eissn=, cn=11-4671/T, coden=null, periodic=3, language=CN, oaType=是, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=65omA9nasEwsJtKyya4q2A==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=Sci Technol Ind, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=null, updatedTime=1755589264235, createdBy=null, updatedBy=15831073675, firstLetterCn=S, firstLetterEn=S, subjectCode=Engineering, subjectName=工程, subjectCodeEn=Engineering, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=65omA9nasEwsJtKyya4q2A==, picEn=/wwFtLNQXxKpecNSjAf1AQ==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1164589040427811221, language=CN, name=科技和产业, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=http://www.kjhcy.org/kjycy/home, createdTime=1755589264256, updatedTime=1755589264256, createdBy=15831073675, updatedBy=15831073675, submissionGuidelinesUrl=http://www.kjhcy.org/kjycy/site/menu/20110121105642001, submissionAuthorUrl=http://www.kjhcy.org/kjycy/author/login, submissionEditorUrl=http://www.kjhcy.org/kjycy/editor/login, submissionReviewUrl=http://www.kjhcy.org/kjycy/user/login, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1164589040473948566, language=EN, name=Science Technology and Industry, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=http://www.kjhcy.org/kjycy/home, createdTime=1755589264267, updatedTime=1755589264267, createdBy=15831073675, updatedBy=15831073675, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=http://www.kjhcy.org/kjycy/author/login, submissionEditorUrl=http://www.kjhcy.org/kjycy/editor/login, submissionReviewUrl=http://www.kjhcy.org/kjycy/user/login, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1146123222451335185, websiteList=[Website(id=1148243202395595182, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1146123222451335185, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjhcy/CN, language=CN, createTime=1751692112778, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1753522130587, updateBy=18614031015, name=科技和产业-中文站点, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=科技和产业, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1155919343281103033, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1148243202395595182, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1753522247381, updateTime=1753522247381, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1155919343260131510, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1148243202395595182, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1753522247376, updateTime=1753522247376, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1155919343251742901, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1148243202395595182, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/file/pic?fileId=NeDGaoVSnAwTO5bjjrifjg==, createTime=1753522247374, updateTime=1753522247374, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1155919343272714424, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1148243202395595182, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/file/pic, createTime=1753522247379, updateTime=1753522247379, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1155919343268520119, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1148243202395595182, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1753522247378, updateTime=1753522247378, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1155919131955314719, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1146123222451335185, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjhcy/EN, language=EN, createTime=1753522197002, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1753522207756, updateBy=18614031015, name=科技和产业-英文站点, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=Science Technology and Industry, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1155919498877194448, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1155919131955314719, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1753522284478, updateTime=1753522284478, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1155919498860417229, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1155919131955314719, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1753522284474, updateTime=1753522284474, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1155919498852028620, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1155919131955314719, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/file/pic?fileId=NeDGaoVSnAwTO5bjjrifjg==, createTime=1753522284472, updateTime=1753522284472, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1155919498873000143, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1155919131955314719, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/file/pic, createTime=1753522284477, updateTime=1753522284477, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1155919498864611534, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1155919131955314719, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1753522284476, updateTime=1753522284476, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=科技和产业, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=null, iacademicId=null, status=0, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=Science Technology and Industry, journalPhotoCn=65omA9nasEwsJtKyya4q2A==, journalPhotoEn=/wwFtLNQXxKpecNSjAf1AQ==, journalFirstLetter=S, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=null, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=null, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjhcy/CN/Y2025/V25/I5/108, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjhcy/EN/Y2025/V25/I5/108, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjhcy/CN/PDF/Y2025/V25/I5/108, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjhcy/EN/PDF/Y2025/V25/I5/108, aliStartDate=null, aliEndDate=null, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
各向同性浅埋隧洞复合衬砌外水压力影响因素
收藏切换
PDF下载
杜恒恒
科技和产业 | 科技创新 2025,25(5): 108-114
收起
收藏切换
科技和产业 | 科技创新 2025, 25(5): 108-114
各向同性浅埋隧洞复合衬砌外水压力影响因素
全屏
杜恒恒
作者信息
  • 华北水利水电大学地球科学与工程学院, 郑州 450046
  • 杜恒恒(1997—),女,河南焦作人,硕士研究生,研究方向为地下隧道工程。

Influencing Factors of Water Pressure Outside the Composite Lining of Isotropic Shallow Buried Tunnels
Hengheng DU
Affiliations
  • College of Geosciences and Engineering, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450046, China
出版时间: 2025-03-10
文章导航
收藏切换

以某灌区1号隧洞为工程背景,采用“堵水限排”的防水设计原则,探讨各向同性浅埋隧洞复合衬砌条件下外水压力的影响因素。建立复合衬砌简化模型,解析推导隧洞衬砌外水压力和渗流量随围岩渗透性、灌浆层渗透性、衬砌渗透性以及水头变化的解析解。同时运用Midas有限元软件计算不同条件下隧洞衬砌外水压力和渗流量大小,验证解析解的合理性。研究表明,灌浆圈的渗透性和厚度对衬砌外水压力和渗流量的影响较大,应当重视灌浆圈的施工。随着排水孔入岩深度的增大,隧洞衬砌外水压力逐渐减小。因此,在较高地下水头作用环境下,隧道上设置排水孔是降低外水压力的最有效措施。

堵水限排  /  衬砌外水压力  /  渗流量  /  解析解  /  数值模拟

Taking the No.1 tunnel of an irrigation district as the engineering background, the waterproofing design principle of “blocking water and limiting drainage” was adopted to explore the influencing factors of external water pressure under the composite lining condition of isotropic shallow buried tunnels. A simplified model of composite lining was established to analyze and derive the analytical solution of the variation in external water pressure and seepage volume in relation to the surrounding rock's permeability, grouting layer, lining permeability and head. At the same time, the Midas finite element software was used to calculate the water pressure and seepage volume under different conditions to verify the reasonableness of the analytical solution. The study shows that the permeability and thickness of the grouting ring have a greater influence on the water pressure and seepage volume outside the lining, and the construction of the grouting ring should be emphasized. With the increase of the depth of the drainage hole into the rock, the water pressure outside the tunnel lining gradually decreases. Therefore, in the environment of high groundwater head, setting drainage holes on the tunnel is the best effective measure to reduce the external water pressure.

water blockage and drainage  /  external water pressure of lining  /  seepage volume  /  analytical solution  /  numerical simulation
杜恒恒. 各向同性浅埋隧洞复合衬砌外水压力影响因素. 科技和产业, 2025 , 25 (5) : 108 -114 .
Hengheng DU. Influencing Factors of Water Pressure Outside the Composite Lining of Isotropic Shallow Buried Tunnels[J]. Science Technology and Industry, 2025 , 25 (5) : 108 -114 .
目前国内外各类隧洞工程迅速发展,中国是一个多山的国家,隧道工程作为连接线路和水资源调配的重要手段被广泛建设。作用在洞室衬砌外壁上的水荷载称为外水压力,在隧洞施工过程中,外水压力是隧洞衬砌结构设计时应该考虑的重要荷载,尤其是在地下水条件复杂的富水区域,外水压力设计值的大小决定着衬砌结构强度,对隧道施工和运营安全影响深远[1-2]。工程上有两种方式被用于隧道突涌水的处理:排导方式、全封堵方式。随着隧洞建设的不断进步,隧洞建设面临着新的挑战,传统的全排水、全封堵设计在综合考虑利弊的基础上,提出了经济合理的“堵水限排”工程措施。这些措施不仅能控制隧洞渗流量,还能有效降低衬砌外水压力,达到更好的环境保护效果[3-5]
近年来,大量学者对隧洞衬砌外水压力的确定和处理进行了深入研究。苏凯等[6]建立了“围岩+防渗灌浆圈+钢筋混凝土衬砌+排水孔”三维模型,探讨了灌浆圈与排水孔设计参数对外水压力分布的影响。赵坤和邹琼燕[7]利用数值模拟法建立渗流场,并对场地的地下水渗流特征和地下水水位变化进行了分析。胡恒福[8]利用仿真模拟探讨了高水位条件下结构内力、位移和渗流的规律特征。王丹等[9]、张宏伟等[10]推导了隧道外水压力理论计算公式,并分析了灌浆圈渗透系数和厚度以及衬砌渗透系数和厚度对衬砌外水压力的影响。冯晓成[11]通过数值模拟方法分析了复合衬砌结构堵、排水措施对隧道涌水量和水压力的影响。于丽等[12]通过对大型隧道渗流试验系统的研究,发现了围岩渗透系数、初始水头高度以及隧道排水率等因素对地下水渗流场分布和隧道背后的水压力产生综合影响。毕发江等[13]提出了一种简便的隧洞围岩-衬砌结构渗流-应力分析思路,研究了软岩隧洞排水结构的排水效应。赵力等[14]采用数值计算分析了不同工况下的衬砌外水压力变化;赵毅[15]对穿越不良地质段的隧洞涌水灾害治理措施进行了研究。Yao等[16]分析了高压引水隧洞衬砌结构的排水能力对外部水压的影响;Zhang等[17]为研究高外水压力下引水隧洞的渗流控制问题,推导了非线性软化模型和渗透系数演化方程。
关于富水深埋隧道的高外水压力问题,国内外进行了深入的探讨和研究。然而,富水深埋隧道对隧道尺寸、衬砌结构强度要求较高,在涉及浅埋隧道时,依赖于富水深埋隧道来设计衬砌参数并不是一个经济且合理的选择。因此,本文以某灌区1号浅埋隧道为工程背景。1号隧道由于地下水抬升发生多起冒顶、地面塌陷事故,严重影响施工安全。为防止此类事故再次发生,以1号隧洞中典型隧道段的复合衬砌为例,设计了防排水方案。采用解析计算和数值模拟计算对比分析方法重点讨论了灌浆圈的渗透系数和厚度、衬砌的渗透系数和厚度、围岩渗透性及水头高度等因素对外水压力折减系数和渗流量的影响,还考察了排水孔布置方案的可行性。
灌区工程位于河南省黄河北岸,大(2)型灌区。该工程区属基岩丘陵区,地质结构类型为土岩双层结构,地面高程一般为218~249 m,隧洞埋置深度为16~22 m,地下水位高于隧洞底板2.8~20 m。1号隧洞段围岩岩性主要为古近系岩层,围岩工程地质分类为V类;该段地下水位较高,多位于土岩结合面附近,且该段黄土具中等透水性,基岩具弱透水性,地下隧道施工存在排水问题,易造成隧道突涌水风险。现场隧洞塌方情况如图1所示。
假设围岩、衬砌、灌浆圈为不同材质、均匀、各向同性介质,地下渗流运动符合Darcy定律。设r0为隧洞外半径,该处的外侧水头为h0;r1为二次衬砌外半径,衬砌外侧水头为h1;r2为初期支护外半径,支护外侧水头为h2;r3为灌浆圈外半径,灌浆圈外侧水头为h3;r4为围岩外半径,围岩外侧水头为H1K4为围岩渗透系数,K3为灌浆圈渗透系数,K2为初期支护渗透系数,K1为二次衬砌渗透系数,计算简图如图2所示。可计算出二次衬砌无内水压力时的外水压力、渗流量和衬砌外水压力折减系数。
外水压力分别为
$\left\{\begin{array}{l}{P}_{1}={\gamma }_{w}\left[{H}_{1}-\frac{{H}_{1}\left(\frac{{K}_{1}}{{K}_{4}}ln\frac{{r}_{4}}{{r}_{3}}+\frac{{K}_{1}}{{K}_{3}}ln\frac{{r}_{3}}{{r}_{2}}+\frac{{K}_{1}}{{K}_{2}}ln\frac{{r}_{2}}{{r}_{1}}\right)}{\frac{{K}_{1}}{{K}_{4}}ln\frac{{r}_{4}}{{r}_{3}}+\frac{{K}_{1}}{{K}_{3}}ln\frac{{r}_{3}}{{r}_{2}}+\frac{{K}_{1}}{{K}_{2}}ln\frac{{r}_{2}}{{r}_{1}}+ln\frac{{r}_{1}}{{r}_{0}}}\right]\\ {P}_{2}={\gamma }_{w}\left[{H}_{1}-\frac{{H}_{1}\left(\frac{{K}_{1}}{{K}_{4}}ln\frac{{r}_{4}}{{r}_{3}}+\frac{{K}_{1}}{{K}_{3}}ln\frac{{r}_{3}}{{r}_{2}}\right)}{\frac{{K}_{1}}{{K}_{4}}ln\frac{{r}_{4}}{{r}_{3}}+\frac{{K}_{1}}{{K}_{3}}ln\frac{{r}_{3}}{{r}_{2}}+\frac{{K}_{1}}{{K}_{2}}ln\frac{{r}_{2}}{{r}_{1}}+ln\frac{{r}_{1}}{{r}_{0}}}\right]\\ {P}_{3}={\gamma }_{w}\left[{H}_{1}-\frac{{H}_{1}\frac{{K}_{1}}{{K}_{4}}ln\frac{{r}_{4}}{{r}_{3}}}{\frac{{K}_{1}}{{K}_{4}}ln\frac{{r}_{4}}{{r}_{3}}+\frac{{K}_{1}}{{K}_{3}}ln\frac{{r}_{3}}{{r}_{2}}+\frac{{K}_{1}}{{K}_{2}}ln\frac{{r}_{2}}{{r}_{1}}+ln\frac{{r}_{1}}{{r}_{0}}}\right]\end{array}\right.$
式中:P1为衬砌外水压力,Pa;P2为支护外水压力Pa;P3为灌浆圈外水压力,Pa;γw为地下水重度,取10 N/m3
隧洞渗流量Q
$Q=\frac{2\pi {K}_{1}{H}_{1}}{\frac{{K}_{1}}{{K}_{4}}ln\frac{{r}_{4}}{{r}_{3}}+\frac{{K}_{1}}{{K}_{3}}ln\frac{{r}_{3}}{{r}_{2}}+\frac{{K}_{1}}{{K}_{2}}ln\frac{{r}_{2}}{{r}_{1}}+ln\frac{{r}_{1}}{{r}_{0}}}$
衬砌外水压力折减系数β0
${\beta }_{0}=\frac{ln\frac{{r}_{1}}{{r}_{0}}}{\frac{{K}_{1}}{{K}_{4}}ln\frac{{r}_{4}}{{r}_{3}}+\frac{{K}_{1}}{{K}_{3}}ln\frac{{r}_{3}}{{r}_{2}}+\frac{{K}_{1}}{{K}_{2}}ln\frac{{r}_{2}}{{r}_{1}}+ln\frac{{r}_{1}}{{r}_{0}}}$
本文采用有限元软件Midas,分析水头高度、围岩渗透系数、衬砌厚度和渗透系数、灌浆圈厚度和渗透系数对衬砌外水压力及隧洞渗流量的影响。为验证数值模拟结果的合理性,基于解析法的假定条件和计算参数,对理想轴对称圆形断面隧洞渗流模型进行建模,分析复合衬砌隧道渗流场。
建立模型时,取隧洞轴线方向为Y轴,水平面内垂直隧洞轴线方向为X轴,隧洞的中心为模型的坐标原点,隧洞断面尺寸为3.5 m×14 m,计算时取地下水位高度H=20 m。隧洞模型如图3所示,模型由上至下分别是中粉质壤土、重粉质壤土、粉质黏土、泥岩、砂岩。
根据隧洞工程设计截面,拟定衬砌半径2.16 m,喷射混凝土层的厚度为0.15 m,衬砌层厚度为0.4 m,灌浆圈厚度为0.5 m。衬砌渗透系数K1=1×10-9 m/s,支护渗透系数K2设定为5×10-9 m/s,灌浆圈渗透系数K3设定为5×10-8 m/s,围岩渗透系数K4设定为1×10-7 m/s,选取的水头高度H分别为9、12、15、17、19、20 m,图4为不同水头高度下的外水压力云图,图5为解析解与数值模拟的衬砌外水压力折减系数和渗流量随水头高度变化曲线。
随着水头高度增加,隧洞渗流量的解析解和数值解均呈线性增加趋势,隧洞衬砌外水压力折减系数的解析解和数值解均呈线性降低趋势。在水头H<15 m范围内折减系数受水头高度影响显示出较为显著的敏感性,相对地,在水头H>15 m范围内折减系数表现出相对的稳定变化趋势。
水头高度H=20 m,围岩渗透系数K4取1×10-6、1×10-7、1×10-8、1×10-9、1×10-10 m/s,围岩渗透系数与衬砌外水压力折减系数及渗流量之间的关系曲线如图6所示。
在考虑解析解与数值解时,随着围岩渗透系数的提高,衬砌外水压力折减系数及隧洞渗流量均呈先快速增加后缓慢增加趋势。围岩渗透系数K4<1×10-7 m/s时,隧洞渗流量的增长幅度为63.3%,衬砌外水压力折减系数增长幅度为50%~75%;围岩渗透系数K4>1×10-7 m/s时,隧洞渗流量的增长幅度为1.7%,衬砌外水压力折减系数增长幅度为1.3%。
水头高度H=20 m,衬砌渗透系数K1分别选取1×10-6、1×10-7、1×10-8、1×10-9、1×10-10 m/s,相应的厚度设置为0.35、0.45、0.55、0.65、0.75 m,即r1=2.16、2.26、2.36、2.46、2.56 m。衬砌渗透系数发生变化时,不同厚度衬砌条件下隧洞渗流量及衬砌外水压力折减系数的变化曲线,如图7所示。
在衬砌厚度不变的情况下,随着衬砌渗透系数的增加,外水压力折减系数逐渐减小,变化幅度从70%减少到13%,表明提升衬砌渗透系数能显著降低外水压力。当渗透系数恒定时,外水压力折减系数随衬砌厚度的增加而增大,同时隧洞渗流量随之减少。总体看,渗流量和折减系数受衬砌渗透系数影响较大。因此在保证衬砌厚度可以承受一定水压力的前提下,减小衬砌渗透系数是降低衬砌外水压力折减系数的有效方法。
水头高度H=20 m,衬砌渗透系数K3取5×10-6、5×10-7、5×10-8、5×10-9、5×10-10 m/s,厚度分别为0.5、0.6、0.7、0.8、0.9 m,即r3=2.81、2.91、3.01、3.11、3.21 m。灌浆圈渗透系数不变的情况下,不同厚度的灌浆圈对隧洞渗流量及衬砌外水压力折减系数的变化趋势如图8所示。
灌浆圈厚度的增大或渗透性的降低,渗流量及衬砌外水压力折减系数均有所降低,这说明对围岩进行灌浆处理能够有效降低折减系数并控制隧道渗流量。进一步研究显示,在灌浆圈厚度一致的前提下,随着灌浆圈渗透系数的减小,渗流量及外水压力折减系数的下降幅度变得更为明显。在灌浆圈渗透系数一定的情况下,厚度小于0.65 m时,灌浆圈渗透系数越小外水压力折减系数和渗流量折减幅度越大;当灌浆圈厚度达到一定程度后,特别是灌浆圈厚度大于0.8 m,折减系数的折减幅度大约为0.32%,渗流量的折减幅度大约为0.2%,渗流量和外水压力折减系数虽不断减小但折减幅度明显趋缓。综上分析表明,灌浆圈可以充当地下隧道的防水保护圈,并不是灌浆圈的渗透系数越低、厚度越大防水效果越好,灌浆圈参数到达一定的程度后堵水效果不再明显,因此在灌浆圈参数设计中应综合考虑渗透系数和厚度的影响,确定较为经济的工程措施。
为分析隧洞排水量与衬砌外水压力间的关系,设定衬砌渗透系数K1分别为1×10-6、5×10-6、1×10-7、2×10-9 m/s,计算围岩渗透系数与灌浆圈渗透系数之比n1对隧道渗流量及外水压力折减系数的影响。计算过程中n1分别取值为1、10、50、100,计算结果如图9所示。
当隧洞渗流量为0,折减系数为1时,即衬砌完全不透水,此时无论灌浆圈渗透系数如何变化都无法降低衬砌上的外水压力。n1取值越大,即灌浆圈渗透系数越小,折减系数降低越明显,说明为了减小外水压力,在围岩灌浆堵水措施既定的情况下,应使衬砌具备一定的渗透性。
当隧洞渗流量保持不变时,灌浆圈渗透系数减小会导致折减系数降低;当衬砌外水压力为0时,如果未采取灌浆圈措施,隧洞排水量为0.455 m3/(m·d);当取灌浆圈渗透系数为1×10-9 m/s、厚度为0.5 m时,隧洞渗流量可降至0.04 m3/(m·d)。综合分析显示,灌浆圈的应用不仅能够有效降低衬砌外水压力还能维持较低的隧洞渗流量。因此,实施有效的灌浆圈堵水措施能够实现减小衬砌外水压力的目的。
取衬砌渗透系数K1为1×10-9 m/s,支护渗透系数K2为5×10-9 m/s,灌浆圈渗透系数K3为5×10-8 m/s,围岩渗透系数K4为1×10-7 m/s,水头高度H为20 m。根据空气单元法对排水孔进行模拟,渗透系数取1×10-4 m/s。具体方案拟采用保持同一排排水孔的数量不变而改变排水孔深度开展研究。本方案的排水孔在拱顶部120°范围内布置,梅花桩型布置,共5排,排水孔排距3 m,计算中灌浆圈、衬砌、支护厚度分别为0.5、0.35、0.15 m,排水孔深度取0、0.35、0.5、0.8、1.5、2、3 m,对各工况下的外水压力进行提取,并绘制了反映其随排水孔深度变化的曲线,如图10所示。
当不设置排水孔时,隧洞的衬砌外水压力达到0.2 MPa;设置排水孔后,外水压力有显著变化。特别当排水孔入岩深度从0 m增长至3 m时,外水压力从0.2 MPa减小至0.12 MPa,排水孔入岩深度变大使衬砌所承受的外水压力明显减小,表明排水孔入岩深度对外水压力的影响较大,排水孔入岩深度越长,衬砌承受的外水压力越小。
(1)水头高度的增加使衬砌外水压力折减系数减小,并导致渗流量增大;衬砌外水压力折减系数会随围岩渗透系数的增大而增大。灌浆圈厚度的增加和渗透系数的降低会使衬砌外水压力折减系数呈下降趋势,但灌浆圈参数达到一定限值后,堵水效果不再明显,因此需要选择合理的灌浆圈参数。
(2)减小衬砌厚度和渗透系数的增大都导致衬砌外水压力折减系数下降,但衬砌厚度不足会影响隧道结构安全性。因此,在保证隧道结构安全的前提下,增大衬砌渗透系数是有效降低衬砌外水压力折减系数的有效措施。
(3)排水孔对外水压力有良好的减压作用。为了减小作用于衬砌上的外水压力,可适当增大排水孔入岩深度。
参考文献 引证文献
排序方式:
[1]
刘立鹏, 汪小刚, 段庆伟, . 高压富水地层水工隧洞衬砌外水压力确定与应对措施[J]. 岩土工程学报, 2022, 44(8): 1549-1557.
[2]
吴梦军, 钟祖良, 王益, . 富水公路隧道抗水压衬砌结构安全评价研究[J]. 地下空间与工程学报, 2023, 19(5): 1646-1655.
[3]
郑丰伟, 陈海, 周小涵, . 隧道排水模式对渗流场影响及限排量研究[J]. 公路, 2024, 69(5): 466-472.
[4]
郭鸿雁, 纪亚英, 方林, . 基于流固耦合分析的富水隧道外水压力与限量排放标准研究[J]. 岩土工程学报, 2019, 41(S1): 165-168.
[5]
黄世光, 杨艳娜, 范全忠, . 隧道堵水限排设计参数变化规律试验研究[J]. 现代隧道技术, 2022, 59(3): 201-210.
[6]
苏凯, 杨逢杰, 年夫喜, . 超深埋隧洞防渗排水措施与衬砌外水压力分布规律[J]. 中南大学学报(自然科学版), 2024, 55(6): 2222-2235.
[7]
赵坤, 邹琼燕. 数值模拟法确定临江地区地下室抗浮设防水位[J]. 科技和产业, 2024, 24(7): 165-171.
[8]
胡恒福. 富水岩溶铁路隧道水害成因及排水洞整治效果分析[J]. 科技和产业, 2023, 23(7): 170-176.
[9]
王丹, 戚海棠, 任旭华, . 富水区深埋隧洞不同渗控措施下的外水压力解析计算方法研究[J]. 三峡大学学报(自然科学版), 2023, 45(5): 25-30.
[10]
张洪伟, 汤文昊, 费连跃, . 山岭隧道衬砌外水压力公式解析研究[J]. 科学技术与工程, 2023, 23(8): 3502-3510.
[11]
冯晓成. 高外水深埋隧洞渗控措施分析及衬砌长期稳定性研究[D]. 天津: 天津大学, 2016.
[12]
于丽, 方霖, 董宇苍, . 基于围岩渗透影响范围的隧道外水压力计算方法模型试验研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2018, 37(10), 2288-2298.
[13]
毕发江, 何军, 张雨霆, . 排水结构设置后软岩隧洞的渗流-应力耦合分析[J]. 长江科学院院报, 2022, 39(12): 68-74.
[14]
赵力, 苏岩, 王博, . 堵排水方式对秦岭隧洞衬砌外水压力的影响研究[J]. 人民长江, 2022, 53(7): 148-153.
[15]
赵毅. 深埋长隧洞不良地质治理关键技术研究[J]. 科技和产业, 2020, 20(9): 207-212.
[16]
YAO J, WANG Y, FENG D. Application of drainage technique to water diversion tunnels in water-rich Karst Area[J]. International Journal of Heat and Technology, 2022, 40(5): 1287.
[17]
ZHANG Z J, ZENG C P, LI H, et al. Optimal design of the seepage control for Xianglushan diversion tunnel under high external water pressure[J]. Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, 2022, 40(9): 4595-4615.
2025年第25卷第5期
PDF下载
283
138
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
  • 接收时间:2024-09-02
  • 首发时间:2025-07-21
  • 出版时间:2025-03-10
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2024-09-02
基金
作者信息
    华北水利水电大学地球科学与工程学院, 郑州 450046
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjhcy/CN/1153992829199175956
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏