Article(id=1153987694028906998, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, issueId=1153987690384053017, articleNumber=1671-1807(2025)04-0086-07, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1725811200000, receivedDateStr=2024-09-09, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1753061706310, onlineDateStr=2025-07-21, pubDate=1740412800000, pubDateStr=2025-02-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1753061706310, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1753061706310, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753061706310, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1153987690384053017, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, year='2025', volume='25', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='391', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1753061705442, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1754449620944, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1159809029985288545, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, issueId=1153987690384053017, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1159809029985288546, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, issueId=1153987690384053017, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=86, endPage=92, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1153987694850990597, articleId=1153987694028906998, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, language=EN, title=The Number of Offspring and Labor Force Participation of Reproductive Women:Based on Logistic Regression Analysis of Disordered Multiple Classifications, columnId=1151876674645226399, journalTitle=Science Technology and Industry, columnName=Technology Innovation, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Since 2021, China has opened its three-child policy, and the relevant supporting measures to support fertility have been continuously improved at the national and local levels. However, the number of newborns and the birth rate have not met expectations. Based on the 2021 China General Social Survey (CGSS) data, the unordered multiple classification Logistic regression model was used to explore the impact of the number of children on the labor force participation of reproductive women.The results show that the increase in the number of children will reduce the participation level of reproductive women in non-agricultural labor and increase the probability of non-participation in work. In addition, women’s age, education level, spouse’s labor participation status, spouse’s annual income, family residence, whether they live with their spouse, and family annual income all affect the labor participation status of women of childbearing age.
, correspAuthors=Yueyuan SONG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Lingyan HE, Yueyuan SONG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1153987695647908367, articleId=1153987694028906998, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, language=CN, title=子女数量与育龄女性劳动参与——基于无序多分类的Logistic回归分析, columnId=1151876674787832737, journalTitle=科技和产业, columnName=科技创新, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
2021年起中国开放三孩政策,国家和地方层面不断完善支持生育的相关配套措施,然而,新生儿的数量、出生率未及预期。基于2021年中国综合社会调查数据(CGSS),运用无序多分类的Logistic回归模型探讨子女数量对育龄女性劳动参与的影响。研究发现,子女数量的增加会降低育龄女性非农劳动的参与水平、提升其不参与工作的可能性。此外,女性的年龄、受教育程度、配偶的劳动参与状况、配偶年收入、家庭居住地、是否与配偶同住以及家庭年收入均会影响育龄女性的劳动参与状况。
, correspAuthors=宋月圆, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
宋月圆(1995—),女,河南南阳人,硕士,讲师,研究方向为财务管理,企业管理。
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何玲雁(1994—),女,山西大同人,硕士,讲师,研究方向为人力资源管理、劳动经济学。
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何玲雁(1994—),女,山西大同人,硕士,讲师,研究方向为人力资源管理、劳动经济学。
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2 Management College, Wuhan Donghu University, Wuhan 430212, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1273283961297031841, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, articleId=1153987694028906998, authorId=1273283959610921630, language=CN, stringName=宋月圆, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
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| 变量类型 | 变量名称 | 变量符号 | 定义 |
| 劳动参与 | 劳动参与状况 | WLabour | 目前没有工作=0,目前务农=1,目前从事非农工作=2 |
| 子女数量 | 子女总数 | TNumber | 1个=1,2个=2,3个及以上=3 |
| 未成年子女数量 | NUC | 0个=0,1个=1,2个=2,3个及以上=3 |
女性个人 特征变量 | 母亲年龄 | Age | 20~27岁=1,28~35岁=2,36~43岁=3,44~50岁=4 |
| 母亲受教育程度 | Edu | 小学及以下=1,初中=2,高中=3;大专=4,本科及以上=5 |
| 母亲健康状况 | Health | 很不健康=1,比较不健康=2,一般=3,比较健康=4,很健康=5 |
配偶个人 特征变量 | 配偶年龄 | MAge | 29岁以下=1,30~37岁=2,38~45岁=3,46岁及以上=4 |
| 配偶受教育程度 | MEdu | 小学及以下=1,初中=2,高中=3;大专及本科=4,硕士及以上=5 |
| 配偶收入 | ATI | 未透露=0,25 000元以内=1,25 001~50 000元=2,50 001~90 000元=3, 90 001~150 000元=4,150 001及以上=5 |
| 配偶劳动参与状况 | MLabour | 目前没有工作=0,目前务农=1,目前从事非农工作=2 |
| 配偶周工作时长 | WH | 未透露=0,39 h以内=1,40~49 h=2,50~59 h=3,60~69 h=4,70 h及以上=5 |
家庭特 征变量 | 居住地类型 | Residence | 农村=0,城镇=1 |
| 家庭拥有房产数量 | NOP | 没有房产=0,拥有1套房=1,拥有2套房=2,拥有3套及以上房产=3 |
| 是否与配偶(伴侣)同住 | Cohabitation | 否=0,是=1 |
| 家庭年收入 | AHI | 未透露=0,30 000元以内=1,30 001~60 000元=2,60 001~100 000元=3, 100 001~190 000元=4,190 001及以上=5 |
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变量定义
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| 变量类型 | 变量名称 | 变量符号 | 定义 |
| 劳动参与 | 劳动参与状况 | WLabour | 目前没有工作=0,目前务农=1,目前从事非农工作=2 |
| 子女数量 | 子女总数 | TNumber | 1个=1,2个=2,3个及以上=3 |
| 未成年子女数量 | NUC | 0个=0,1个=1,2个=2,3个及以上=3 |
女性个人 特征变量 | 母亲年龄 | Age | 20~27岁=1,28~35岁=2,36~43岁=3,44~50岁=4 |
| 母亲受教育程度 | Edu | 小学及以下=1,初中=2,高中=3;大专=4,本科及以上=5 |
| 母亲健康状况 | Health | 很不健康=1,比较不健康=2,一般=3,比较健康=4,很健康=5 |
配偶个人 特征变量 | 配偶年龄 | MAge | 29岁以下=1,30~37岁=2,38~45岁=3,46岁及以上=4 |
| 配偶受教育程度 | MEdu | 小学及以下=1,初中=2,高中=3;大专及本科=4,硕士及以上=5 |
| 配偶收入 | ATI | 未透露=0,25 000元以内=1,25 001~50 000元=2,50 001~90 000元=3, 90 001~150 000元=4,150 001及以上=5 |
| 配偶劳动参与状况 | MLabour | 目前没有工作=0,目前务农=1,目前从事非农工作=2 |
| 配偶周工作时长 | WH | 未透露=0,39 h以内=1,40~49 h=2,50~59 h=3,60~69 h=4,70 h及以上=5 |
家庭特 征变量 | 居住地类型 | Residence | 农村=0,城镇=1 |
| 家庭拥有房产数量 | NOP | 没有房产=0,拥有1套房=1,拥有2套房=2,拥有3套及以上房产=3 |
| 是否与配偶(伴侣)同住 | Cohabitation | 否=0,是=1 |
| 家庭年收入 | AHI | 未透露=0,30 000元以内=1,30 001~60 000元=2,60 001~100 000元=3, 100 001~190 000元=4,190 001及以上=5 |
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| 模型 | 模型拟合条件 | 似然比检验 |
| -2对数似然 | 卡方 | 自由度 | 显著性 |
| 仅截距 | 2 643.426 | 817.177 | 64 | 0.000 |
| 最终 | 1 826.249 | | | |
), ArticleFig(id=1273283965881406125, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, articleId=1153987694028906998, language=CN, label=表2, caption=
模型拟合信息
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| 模型 | 模型拟合条件 | 似然比检验 |
| -2对数似然 | 卡方 | 自由度 | 显著性 |
| 仅截距 | 2 643.426 | 817.177 | 64 | 0.000 |
| 最终 | 1 826.249 | | | |
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| 变量 | 目前未工作(模型1) | 目前从事非农劳动(模型2) | 目前未工作(模型3) |
| 参照组=目前务农 | 参照组=目前务农 | 参照组=目前从事非农劳动 |
| B | 显著性 | Exp(B) | B | 显著性 | Exp(B) | B | 显著性 | Exp(B) |
| 截距 | 3.474 | 0.015 | | 4.838 | 0.001 | | -1.768 | 0.000 | |
| [TNumber=1] | 0.417 | 0.035 | 1.517 | 1.034 | 0.046 | 2.812 | -1.251 | 0.000 | 0.286 |
| [TNumber=2] | 0.073 | 0.266 | 1.076 | 0.696 | 0.159 | 2.006 | -0.611 | 0.044 | 0.543 |
| [TNumber=3] | 0b | · | · | 0b | · | · | 0b | · | · |
| [NUC=0] | -0.892 | 0.244 | 0.41 | -1.015 | 0.114 | 0.362 | 0.088 | 0.822 | 1.092 |
| [NUC=1] | -0.779 | 0.28 | 0.459 | -0.312 | 0.169 | 0.732 | -0.088 | 0.822 | 0.916 |
| [NUC=2] | -0.768 | 0.241 | 0.464 | 0.751 | 0.036 | 2.119 | -0.264 | 0.493 | 0.768 |
| [NUC=3] | 0b | · | · | 0b | · | · | 0b | · | · |
| [Age=1] | 1.486 | 0.021 | 4.418 | 0.227 | 0.738 | 1.254 | 1.259 | 0.000 | 3.522 |
| [Age=2] | 1.317 | 0.001 | 3.732 | 0.812 | 0.044 | 2.251 | 0.505 | 0.015 | 1.658 |
| [Age=3] | 0.255 | 0.403 | 1.290 | 0.330 | 0.293 | 1.391 | -0.075 | 0.699 | 0.927 |
| [Age=4] | 0b | · | · | 0b | · | · | 0b | · | · |
| [Edu=1] | -0.636 | 0.562 | 0.529 | -2.622 | 0.016 | 0.073 | 1.986 | 0.000 | 7.287 |
| [Edu=2] | -0.590 | 0.586 | 0.554 | -2.044 | 0.056 | 0.130 | 1.454 | 0.000 | 4.281 |
| [Edu=3] | -0.301 | 0.789 | 0.740 | -1.154 | 0.099 | 0.315 | 1.455 | 0.000 | 4.286 |
| [Edu=4] | -0.390 | 0.060 | 0.677 | -0.278 | 0.002 | 0.757 | 0.567 | 0.046 | 1.763 |
| [Edu=5] | 0b | · | · | 0b | · | · | 0b | · | · |
| [Health=1] | 0.966 | 0.100 | 2.627 | -1.384 | 0.121 | 0.250 | 2.350 | 0.002 | 10.488 |
| [Health=2] | 0.867 | 0.055 | 2.379 | 0.233 | 0.636 | 1.262 | 0.633 | 0.048 | 1.884 |
| [Health=3] | 0.448 | 0.155 | 1.566 | -0.046 | 0.886 | 0.955 | 0.495 | 0.009 | 1.640 |
| [Health=4] | 0.420 | 0.167 | 1.522 | 0.326 | 0.285 | 1.386 | 0.094 | 0.586 | 1.098 |
| [Health=5] | 0b | · | · | 0b | · | · | 0b | · | · |
| [MLabour=0] | 0.015 | 0.971 | 1.015 | -0.725 | 0.104 | 0.484 | 0.740 | 0.110 | 2.095 |
| [MLabour=1] | -1.669 | 0.000 | 0.188 | -2.569 | 0.000 | 0.077 | 0.899 | 0.010 | 2.458 |
| [MLabour=2] | 0b | · | · | 0b | · | · | 0b | · | · |
| [ATI=0] | 0.062 | 0.945 | 1.064 | 1.916 | 0.002 | 6.794 | -2.854 | 0.000 | 0.058 |
| [ATI=1] | -1.268 | 0.122 | 0.282 | 1.715 | 0.044 | 5.555 | -2.982 | 0.000 | 0.051 |
| [ATI=2] | -1.032 | 0.198 | 0.356 | 1.376 | 0.036 | 3.958 | -2.408 | 0.000 | 0.090 |
| [ATI=3] | -0.294 | 0.724 | 0.745 | 1.467 | 0.016 | 4.337 | -1.761 | 0.000 | 0.172 |
| [ATI=4] | 0.233 | 0.781 | 1.262 | 0.765 | 0.371 | 2.149 | -0.532 | 0.114 | 0.587 |
| [ATI=5] | 0b | · | · | 0b | · | · | 0b | · | · |
| [Residence=0] | -2.098 | 0.000 | 0.123 | -2.669 | 0.000 | 0.069 | 0.571 | 0.000 | 1.770 |
| [Residence=1] | 0b | · | · | 0b | · | · | 0b | · | · |
| [Cohabitation=0] | -0.117 | 0.634 | 0.889 | -0.484 | 0.058 | 0.617 | 0.366 | 0.012 | 1.443 |
| [Cohabitation=1] | 0b | · | · | 0b | · | · | 0b | · | · |
| [AHI=0] | 1.049 | 0.203 | 2.854 | -1.424 | 0.086 | 0.241 | 2.473 | 0.000 | 11.856 |
| [AHI=1] | 0.761 | 0.309 | 2.141 | -1.848 | 0.013 | 0.158 | 2.609 | 0.000 | 13.585 |
| [AHI=2] | 1.007 | 0.173 | 2.738 | -1.001 | 0.170 | 0.368 | 2.008 | 0.000 | 7.449 |
| [AHI=3] | 0.510 | 0.474 | 1.665 | -0.651 | 0.355 | 0.521 | 1.161 | 0.000 | 3.194 |
| [AHI=4] | 0.287 | 0.715 | 1.332 | -0.249 | 0.748 | 0.779 | 0.536 | 0.110 | 1.710 |
| [AHI=5] | 0b | · | · | 0b | · | · | 0b | · | · |
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参数估计值
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| 变量 | 目前未工作(模型1) | 目前从事非农劳动(模型2) | 目前未工作(模型3) |
| 参照组=目前务农 | 参照组=目前务农 | 参照组=目前从事非农劳动 |
| B | 显著性 | Exp(B) | B | 显著性 | Exp(B) | B | 显著性 | Exp(B) |
| 截距 | 3.474 | 0.015 | | 4.838 | 0.001 | | -1.768 | 0.000 | |
| [TNumber=1] | 0.417 | 0.035 | 1.517 | 1.034 | 0.046 | 2.812 | -1.251 | 0.000 | 0.286 |
| [TNumber=2] | 0.073 | 0.266 | 1.076 | 0.696 | 0.159 | 2.006 | -0.611 | 0.044 | 0.543 |
| [TNumber=3] | 0b | · | · | 0b | · | · | 0b | · | · |
| [NUC=0] | -0.892 | 0.244 | 0.41 | -1.015 | 0.114 | 0.362 | 0.088 | 0.822 | 1.092 |
| [NUC=1] | -0.779 | 0.28 | 0.459 | -0.312 | 0.169 | 0.732 | -0.088 | 0.822 | 0.916 |
| [NUC=2] | -0.768 | 0.241 | 0.464 | 0.751 | 0.036 | 2.119 | -0.264 | 0.493 | 0.768 |
| [NUC=3] | 0b | · | · | 0b | · | · | 0b | · | · |
| [Age=1] | 1.486 | 0.021 | 4.418 | 0.227 | 0.738 | 1.254 | 1.259 | 0.000 | 3.522 |
| [Age=2] | 1.317 | 0.001 | 3.732 | 0.812 | 0.044 | 2.251 | 0.505 | 0.015 | 1.658 |
| [Age=3] | 0.255 | 0.403 | 1.290 | 0.330 | 0.293 | 1.391 | -0.075 | 0.699 | 0.927 |
| [Age=4] | 0b | · | · | 0b | · | · | 0b | · | · |
| [Edu=1] | -0.636 | 0.562 | 0.529 | -2.622 | 0.016 | 0.073 | 1.986 | 0.000 | 7.287 |
| [Edu=2] | -0.590 | 0.586 | 0.554 | -2.044 | 0.056 | 0.130 | 1.454 | 0.000 | 4.281 |
| [Edu=3] | -0.301 | 0.789 | 0.740 | -1.154 | 0.099 | 0.315 | 1.455 | 0.000 | 4.286 |
| [Edu=4] | -0.390 | 0.060 | 0.677 | -0.278 | 0.002 | 0.757 | 0.567 | 0.046 | 1.763 |
| [Edu=5] | 0b | · | · | 0b | · | · | 0b | · | · |
| [Health=1] | 0.966 | 0.100 | 2.627 | -1.384 | 0.121 | 0.250 | 2.350 | 0.002 | 10.488 |
| [Health=2] | 0.867 | 0.055 | 2.379 | 0.233 | 0.636 | 1.262 | 0.633 | 0.048 | 1.884 |
| [Health=3] | 0.448 | 0.155 | 1.566 | -0.046 | 0.886 | 0.955 | 0.495 | 0.009 | 1.640 |
| [Health=4] | 0.420 | 0.167 | 1.522 | 0.326 | 0.285 | 1.386 | 0.094 | 0.586 | 1.098 |
| [Health=5] | 0b | · | · | 0b | · | · | 0b | · | · |
| [MLabour=0] | 0.015 | 0.971 | 1.015 | -0.725 | 0.104 | 0.484 | 0.740 | 0.110 | 2.095 |
| [MLabour=1] | -1.669 | 0.000 | 0.188 | -2.569 | 0.000 | 0.077 | 0.899 | 0.010 | 2.458 |
| [MLabour=2] | 0b | · | · | 0b | · | · | 0b | · | · |
| [ATI=0] | 0.062 | 0.945 | 1.064 | 1.916 | 0.002 | 6.794 | -2.854 | 0.000 | 0.058 |
| [ATI=1] | -1.268 | 0.122 | 0.282 | 1.715 | 0.044 | 5.555 | -2.982 | 0.000 | 0.051 |
| [ATI=2] | -1.032 | 0.198 | 0.356 | 1.376 | 0.036 | 3.958 | -2.408 | 0.000 | 0.090 |
| [ATI=3] | -0.294 | 0.724 | 0.745 | 1.467 | 0.016 | 4.337 | -1.761 | 0.000 | 0.172 |
| [ATI=4] | 0.233 | 0.781 | 1.262 | 0.765 | 0.371 | 2.149 | -0.532 | 0.114 | 0.587 |
| [ATI=5] | 0b | · | · | 0b | · | · | 0b | · | · |
| [Residence=0] | -2.098 | 0.000 | 0.123 | -2.669 | 0.000 | 0.069 | 0.571 | 0.000 | 1.770 |
| [Residence=1] | 0b | · | · | 0b | · | · | 0b | · | · |
| [Cohabitation=0] | -0.117 | 0.634 | 0.889 | -0.484 | 0.058 | 0.617 | 0.366 | 0.012 | 1.443 |
| [Cohabitation=1] | 0b | · | · | 0b | · | · | 0b | · | · |
| [AHI=0] | 1.049 | 0.203 | 2.854 | -1.424 | 0.086 | 0.241 | 2.473 | 0.000 | 11.856 |
| [AHI=1] | 0.761 | 0.309 | 2.141 | -1.848 | 0.013 | 0.158 | 2.609 | 0.000 | 13.585 |
| [AHI=2] | 1.007 | 0.173 | 2.738 | -1.001 | 0.170 | 0.368 | 2.008 | 0.000 | 7.449 |
| [AHI=3] | 0.510 | 0.474 | 1.665 | -0.651 | 0.355 | 0.521 | 1.161 | 0.000 | 3.194 |
| [AHI=4] | 0.287 | 0.715 | 1.332 | -0.249 | 0.748 | 0.779 | 0.536 | 0.110 | 1.710 |
| [AHI=5] | 0b | · | · | 0b | · | · | 0b | · | · |
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