Article(id=1153982213751296362, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, issueId=1153982211868053862, articleNumber=1671-1807(2025)02-0128-09, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1722787200000, receivedDateStr=2024-08-05, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1753060399711, onlineDateStr=2025-07-21, pubDate=1737734400000, pubDateStr=2025-01-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1753060399711, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1753060399711, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753060399711, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1153982211868053862, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, year='2025', volume='25', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='360', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1753060399262, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753063120267, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1153993624627958610, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, issueId=1153982211868053862, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1153993624627958611, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, issueId=1153982211868053862, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=128, endPage=136, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1153982214216864109, articleId=1153982213751296362, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, language=EN, title=Impact of Mobile Information Technology on Leisure Activities of the Middle Class in Guangzhou, columnId=1151877659354558495, journalTitle=Science Technology and Industry, columnName=Regional Practice, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
With the coming of the information age, mobile information technology represented by mobile devices and wireless networks, is becoming increasingly popular. It is profoundly affecting all aspects of residents’ production and life, including leisure. With the continuous development of social economy, the urban middle class has gradually expanded and become the largest consumer group supporting the urban leisure industry. However, the existing studies pay less attention to the middle class. Based on the leisure questionnaire data of the middle class in Guangzhou, factors such as self-efficacy, availability, dependence of mobile information technology use and socio-economic attributes were selected, a structural equation model was constructed, and the impact of mobile information technology use on the leisure activity choice of the middle class was discussed. It is found that the self-efficacy, availability and dependence of mobile information technology of middle class are significantly positively correlated. The dependence degree of mobile information technology of middle class has a significant direct impact on leisure activities, and the self-efficacy and availability of mobile information technology of middle class have a significant indirect impact on leisure activities by influencing the dependence degree of mobile information technology. The availability of mobile information technology to the middle class also affects their self-efficacy. The study shows that if the middle class has easy access to mobile information technology, has a high sense of self-efficacy towards mobile information technology, they will be more dependent on mobile information technology for leisure activities, and they are more inclined to choose physical leisure. In addition, age, gender, income, occupation, family child ownership and car ownership also have a significant impact on the choice of leisure activities. High income and older middle class prefer physical leisure. Compared with women, the male middle class prefers physical leisure. The middle class who work freely in time and space prefer online leisure. The middle class, with more children and more cars, tend to prefer physical leisure.
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移动信息技术的发展深刻影响着人们的休闲活动。随着社会经济不断发展,城市中产阶层逐渐壮大,成为支撑城市休闲产业的最大消费群体,但现有研究对中产阶层关注较少。基于广州市中产阶层休闲问卷调查数据,选取移动信息技术使用的自我效能感、可获得、依赖度和社会经济属性等因素,构建结构方程模型,探讨移动信息技术的使用对中产阶层休闲活动的影响。研究发现,中产阶层移动信息技术的自我效能感、可获得与依赖度均呈现显著正相关,中产阶层移动信息技术的依赖度对休闲活动产生显著直接影响,而中产阶层移动信息技术的自我效能感与可获得均通过作用移动信息技术的依赖度对休闲活动产生显著间接影响;此外,社会经济属性中的年龄、性别、收入、职业、家庭孩子拥有量和汽车拥有量也对休闲活动产生显著影响。
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周文天(1998—),女,湖北荆门人,硕士研究生,研究方向为旅游规划与开发;
代丹丹(1987—),女,河南信阳人,博士,讲师,研究方向为区域发展与城市地理。
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周文天(1998—),女,湖北荆门人,硕士研究生,研究方向为旅游规划与开发;
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代丹丹(1987—),女,河南信阳人,博士,讲师,研究方向为区域发展与城市地理。
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代丹丹(1987—),女,河南信阳人,博士,讲师,研究方向为区域发展与城市地理。
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移动信息技术影响的休闲活动模型路径 ***表示1%的显著性水平
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| 变量 | 属性 | 观测值 | 比例/% | 均值 | 标准差 |
| 性别 | 男 | 237 | 42.9 | 0.57 | 0.95 |
| 女 | 315 | 57.1 |
| 性别 | 30岁以下 | 147 | 26.6 | 2.17 | 0.75 |
| 30~40岁 | 242 | 43.8 |
| 40~50岁 | 107 | 29.4 |
| 50~60岁 | 32 | 5.8 |
| 60岁以上 | 24 | 4.3 |
个人年 收入 | 17万元以下 | 96 | 17.4 | 2.14 | 1.34 |
| 17万~40万元 | 362 | 65.6 |
| 40万~60万元 | 45 | 8.2 |
| 60万~80万元 | 19 | 3.4 |
| 80万元以上 | 30 | 5.4 |
| 职业 | 个体户 | 56 | 10.1 | 2.59 | 1.48 |
| 科员/办事人员 | 212 | 38.4 |
| 专业及科研人员 | 191 | 34.6 |
| 企业管理层 | 79 | 14.3 |
| 离退休人员 | 10 | 1.8 |
家庭孩子 拥有量 | 无孩子 | 147 | 26.6 | 2.10 | 1.46 |
| 无6岁及以下孩子 | 226 | 40.9 |
| 1个6岁及以下孩子 | 157 | 28.4 |
2个及以上6岁及 以下孩子 | 22 | 4.0 |
汽车拥 有量 | 1辆及以下 | 444 | 80.4 | 1.22 | 1.28 |
| 2或3辆 | 96 | 17.4 |
| 4辆及以上 | 12 | 2.2 |
), ArticleFig(id=1274400332373368889, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, articleId=1153982213751296362, language=CN, label=表1, caption=
样本社会经济属性特征
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| 变量 | 属性 | 观测值 | 比例/% | 均值 | 标准差 |
| 性别 | 男 | 237 | 42.9 | 0.57 | 0.95 |
| 女 | 315 | 57.1 |
| 性别 | 30岁以下 | 147 | 26.6 | 2.17 | 0.75 |
| 30~40岁 | 242 | 43.8 |
| 40~50岁 | 107 | 29.4 |
| 50~60岁 | 32 | 5.8 |
| 60岁以上 | 24 | 4.3 |
个人年 收入 | 17万元以下 | 96 | 17.4 | 2.14 | 1.34 |
| 17万~40万元 | 362 | 65.6 |
| 40万~60万元 | 45 | 8.2 |
| 60万~80万元 | 19 | 3.4 |
| 80万元以上 | 30 | 5.4 |
| 职业 | 个体户 | 56 | 10.1 | 2.59 | 1.48 |
| 科员/办事人员 | 212 | 38.4 |
| 专业及科研人员 | 191 | 34.6 |
| 企业管理层 | 79 | 14.3 |
| 离退休人员 | 10 | 1.8 |
家庭孩子 拥有量 | 无孩子 | 147 | 26.6 | 2.10 | 1.46 |
| 无6岁及以下孩子 | 226 | 40.9 |
| 1个6岁及以下孩子 | 157 | 28.4 |
2个及以上6岁及 以下孩子 | 22 | 4.0 |
汽车拥 有量 | 1辆及以下 | 444 | 80.4 | 1.22 | 1.28 |
| 2或3辆 | 96 | 17.4 |
| 4辆及以上 | 12 | 2.2 |
), ArticleFig(id=1274400332461449274, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, articleId=1153982213751296362, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 变量 | 观测变量 | 赋值 |
| 自我效能感 | 您有主动学习先进信息工具的愿望(a1) | 1~5分别为“完全不同意”“比较不同意”“中立”“比较同意”“完全同意” |
| 您基本掌握先进信息技术的相关知识(a2) |
| 您能够利用信息工具有效获取出行信息(a3) |
| 您能够熟练使用各种信息技术设备(a4) |
| 您能够对获得的信息进行筛选和加工(a5) |
| 可获得 | 您能够在网上查到所在城市的交通路况信息(b1) | 1~5=“完全不同意”“比较不同意”“中立”“比较同意”“完全同意” |
| 您能够在网上查到所在城市的航空航班信息(b2) |
| 你能够在网上查到您所在城市铁路列车信息(b3) |
| 您所处环境有较强的通信讯号(b4) |
| 您所处环境能够通过WiFi方式上网(b5) |
| 依赖度 | 您不能接受出门不带手机等通信设备(c1) | 1~5分别为“完全不同意”“比较不同意”“中立”“比较同意”“完全同意” |
| 您在休闲出行中离不开手机进行路线导航(c2) |
| 您出行前主动查询天气、列车等信息(c3) |
| 您进行休闲活动离不开手机等设备进行组织(c4) |
| 您休闲需要手机等设备(c5) |
| 休闲活动 | 一周内进行实体休闲活动时间(x1) | 1~5分别为“0~5 h”“6~10 h”“11~15 h”“16~ 20 h”“20 h以上” |
| 一周内进行网络休闲活动时间(x2) |
| 社会经济属性 | 性别(s1) | 男=“1”女=“2” |
| 年龄(s2) | 1~5分别为“30岁以下”“30~40岁”“40~50岁”“50~60”岁“60岁以上” |
| 收入(s3) | 1~5分别为“17万元以下”“17万~40万元”“40万~60万元”“60万~80万元”“80万元以上” |
| 职业(s4) | 1~5分别为“个体户”“科员/办事人员”“专业及科研人员”“企业管理层”“离退休人员” |
| 家庭孩子拥有量(s5) | 1~4分别为“无孩子”“无6岁及以下孩子”“有一个6岁及以下孩子”“有两个6岁及以下孩子” |
| 汽车拥有量(s6) | 1~3分别为“1辆及以下”“2或3辆”“四辆及以上” |
), ArticleFig(id=1274400332536946747, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, articleId=1153982213751296362, language=CN, label=表2, caption=
模型变量的构成
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| 变量 | 观测变量 | 赋值 |
| 自我效能感 | 您有主动学习先进信息工具的愿望(a1) | 1~5分别为“完全不同意”“比较不同意”“中立”“比较同意”“完全同意” |
| 您基本掌握先进信息技术的相关知识(a2) |
| 您能够利用信息工具有效获取出行信息(a3) |
| 您能够熟练使用各种信息技术设备(a4) |
| 您能够对获得的信息进行筛选和加工(a5) |
| 可获得 | 您能够在网上查到所在城市的交通路况信息(b1) | 1~5=“完全不同意”“比较不同意”“中立”“比较同意”“完全同意” |
| 您能够在网上查到所在城市的航空航班信息(b2) |
| 你能够在网上查到您所在城市铁路列车信息(b3) |
| 您所处环境有较强的通信讯号(b4) |
| 您所处环境能够通过WiFi方式上网(b5) |
| 依赖度 | 您不能接受出门不带手机等通信设备(c1) | 1~5分别为“完全不同意”“比较不同意”“中立”“比较同意”“完全同意” |
| 您在休闲出行中离不开手机进行路线导航(c2) |
| 您出行前主动查询天气、列车等信息(c3) |
| 您进行休闲活动离不开手机等设备进行组织(c4) |
| 您休闲需要手机等设备(c5) |
| 休闲活动 | 一周内进行实体休闲活动时间(x1) | 1~5分别为“0~5 h”“6~10 h”“11~15 h”“16~ 20 h”“20 h以上” |
| 一周内进行网络休闲活动时间(x2) |
| 社会经济属性 | 性别(s1) | 男=“1”女=“2” |
| 年龄(s2) | 1~5分别为“30岁以下”“30~40岁”“40~50岁”“50~60”岁“60岁以上” |
| 收入(s3) | 1~5分别为“17万元以下”“17万~40万元”“40万~60万元”“60万~80万元”“80万元以上” |
| 职业(s4) | 1~5分别为“个体户”“科员/办事人员”“专业及科研人员”“企业管理层”“离退休人员” |
| 家庭孩子拥有量(s5) | 1~4分别为“无孩子”“无6岁及以下孩子”“有一个6岁及以下孩子”“有两个6岁及以下孩子” |
| 汽车拥有量(s6) | 1~3分别为“1辆及以下”“2或3辆”“四辆及以上” |
), ArticleFig(id=1274400332641804348, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, articleId=1153982213751296362, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 因子名称 | 题项内容 | 因子载荷 | α | CR | AVE | 累计方差贡献率/% |
| 依赖度 | 您不能接受出门不带手机等通信设备(c1) | 0.846 | 0.954 | 0.954 | 0.839 | 35.231 |
| 您在休闲出行中离不开手机进行路线导航(c2) | 0.874 |
| 您进行休闲活动离不开手机等设备进行组织(c4) | 0.880 |
| 您休闲需要手机等设备(c5) | 0.883 |
| 自我效能感 | 您基本掌握先进信息技术的相关知识(a2) | 0.855 | 0.881 | 0.882 | 0.714 | 61.733 |
| 您能够利用信息工具有效获取出行信息(a3) | 0.828 |
| 您能够熟练使用各种信息技术设备(a4) | 0.828 |
| 可获得 | 您能够在网上查到所在城市的交通(b1) | 0.731 | 0.833 | 0.857 | 0.676 | 83.077 |
| 您所处环境有较强的通信讯号(b4) | 0.752 |
| 您所处环境能够通过WiFi方式上网(b5) | 0.861 |
), ArticleFig(id=1274400334462132285, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, articleId=1153982213751296362, language=CN, label=表3, caption=
信效度检验
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 因子名称 | 题项内容 | 因子载荷 | α | CR | AVE | 累计方差贡献率/% |
| 依赖度 | 您不能接受出门不带手机等通信设备(c1) | 0.846 | 0.954 | 0.954 | 0.839 | 35.231 |
| 您在休闲出行中离不开手机进行路线导航(c2) | 0.874 |
| 您进行休闲活动离不开手机等设备进行组织(c4) | 0.880 |
| 您休闲需要手机等设备(c5) | 0.883 |
| 自我效能感 | 您基本掌握先进信息技术的相关知识(a2) | 0.855 | 0.881 | 0.882 | 0.714 | 61.733 |
| 您能够利用信息工具有效获取出行信息(a3) | 0.828 |
| 您能够熟练使用各种信息技术设备(a4) | 0.828 |
| 可获得 | 您能够在网上查到所在城市的交通(b1) | 0.731 | 0.833 | 0.857 | 0.676 | 83.077 |
| 您所处环境有较强的通信讯号(b4) | 0.752 |
| 您所处环境能够通过WiFi方式上网(b5) | 0.861 |
), ArticleFig(id=1274400334550212670, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, articleId=1153982213751296362, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 假设 | 路径 | 估计值 | 标准误差 | 显著性 | 检验结果 |
| H1 | 可获得→自我效能感 | 0.954 | 0.090 | *** | 成立 |
| H2 | 自我效能感→依赖度 | 0.318 | 0.046 | *** | 成立 |
| H3 | 可获得→依赖度 | 0.615 | 0.078 | *** | 成立 |
| H4 | 依赖度→休闲活动 | 0.080 | 0.022 | *** | 成立 |
), ArticleFig(id=1274400334642487359, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, articleId=1153982213751296362, language=CN, label=表4, caption=
路径系数与研究假说
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| 假设 | 路径 | 估计值 | 标准误差 | 显著性 | 检验结果 |
| H1 | 可获得→自我效能感 | 0.954 | 0.090 | *** | 成立 |
| H2 | 自我效能感→依赖度 | 0.318 | 0.046 | *** | 成立 |
| H3 | 可获得→依赖度 | 0.615 | 0.078 | *** | 成立 |
| H4 | 依赖度→休闲活动 | 0.080 | 0.022 | *** | 成立 |
), ArticleFig(id=1274400334898339904, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, articleId=1153982213751296362, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 适配度指数 | 参考标准 | 模型结果 |
| 绝对适配度指数 | |
| GFI | >0.90 | 0.945 |
| AGFI | >0.90 | 0.922 |
| RMSEA | <0.08 | 0.050 |
| 增值适配度指数 | |
| NFI | >0.90 | 0.948 |
| RFI | >0.90 | 0.935 |
| IFI | >0.90 | 0.969 |
| TLI | >0.90 | 0.961 |
| CFI | >0.90 | 0.969 |
| 简约适配度指数 | |
| PGFI | >0.5 | 0.669 |
| PNFI | >0.5 | 0.750 |
| CMIN/DF | 1~3 | 2.369 |
), ArticleFig(id=1274400334978031681, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, articleId=1153982213751296362, language=CN, label=表5, caption=
模型适配度指标
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| 适配度指数 | 参考标准 | 模型结果 |
| 绝对适配度指数 | |
| GFI | >0.90 | 0.945 |
| AGFI | >0.90 | 0.922 |
| RMSEA | <0.08 | 0.050 |
| 增值适配度指数 | |
| NFI | >0.90 | 0.948 |
| RFI | >0.90 | 0.935 |
| IFI | >0.90 | 0.969 |
| TLI | >0.90 | 0.961 |
| CFI | >0.90 | 0.969 |
| 简约适配度指数 | |
| PGFI | >0.5 | 0.669 |
| PNFI | >0.5 | 0.750 |
| CMIN/DF | 1~3 | 2.369 |
), ArticleFig(id=1274400335057723458, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, articleId=1153982213751296362, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 作用途径 | 非标准化估计值 | 标准化估计值 | 标准误差 | C.R. | P |
| 可获得→自我效能感 | 0.954 | 0.620 | 0.090 | 10.630 | *** |
| 自我效能感→依赖度 | 0.318 | 0.338 | 0.046 | 6.950 | *** |
| 可获得→依赖度 | 0.615 | 0.425 | 0.078 | 7.880 | *** |
| 依赖度→休闲活动 | 0.080 | 0.214 | 0.022 | 3.614 | *** |
| 自我效能感→a2 | 1.032 | 0.876 | 0.046 | 22.511 | *** |
| 自我效能感→a3 | 1.000 | 0.856 | 0.045 | 22.025 | *** |
| 自我效能感→a4 | 1.000 | 0.802 | — | — | — |
| 可获得→b1 | 1.482 | 0.913 | 0.101 | 14.703 | *** |
| 可获得→b4 | 1.433 | 0.935 | 0.097 | 14.772 | *** |
| 可获得→b5 | 1.000 | 0.566 | — | — | — |
| 依赖度→c1 | 1.000 | 0.879 | — | — | — |
| 依赖度→c2 | 1.046 | 0.913 | 0.032 | 32.352 | *** |
| 依赖度→c4 | 1.077 | 0.946 | 0.031 | 35.223 | *** |
| 依赖度→c5 | 1.066 | 0.923 | 0.032 | 33.219 | *** |
| 休闲活动→X1 | 1.000 | 0.318 | — | — | — |
| 休闲活动→X2 | -2.904 | -0.690 | 0.460 | -6.311 | *** |
), ArticleFig(id=1274400335309381699, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, articleId=1153982213751296362, language=CN, label=表6, caption=
结构方程模型路经结果
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| 作用途径 | 非标准化估计值 | 标准化估计值 | 标准误差 | C.R. | P |
| 可获得→自我效能感 | 0.954 | 0.620 | 0.090 | 10.630 | *** |
| 自我效能感→依赖度 | 0.318 | 0.338 | 0.046 | 6.950 | *** |
| 可获得→依赖度 | 0.615 | 0.425 | 0.078 | 7.880 | *** |
| 依赖度→休闲活动 | 0.080 | 0.214 | 0.022 | 3.614 | *** |
| 自我效能感→a2 | 1.032 | 0.876 | 0.046 | 22.511 | *** |
| 自我效能感→a3 | 1.000 | 0.856 | 0.045 | 22.025 | *** |
| 自我效能感→a4 | 1.000 | 0.802 | — | — | — |
| 可获得→b1 | 1.482 | 0.913 | 0.101 | 14.703 | *** |
| 可获得→b4 | 1.433 | 0.935 | 0.097 | 14.772 | *** |
| 可获得→b5 | 1.000 | 0.566 | — | — | — |
| 依赖度→c1 | 1.000 | 0.879 | — | — | — |
| 依赖度→c2 | 1.046 | 0.913 | 0.032 | 32.352 | *** |
| 依赖度→c4 | 1.077 | 0.946 | 0.031 | 35.223 | *** |
| 依赖度→c5 | 1.066 | 0.923 | 0.032 | 33.219 | *** |
| 休闲活动→X1 | 1.000 | 0.318 | — | — | — |
| 休闲活动→X2 | -2.904 | -0.690 | 0.460 | -6.311 | *** |
), ArticleFig(id=1274400335397462084, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, articleId=1153982213751296362, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 变量 | 效应 | 年龄 | 性别 | 收入 | 职业 | 家庭孩子拥有量 | 汽车拥有量 |
| 自我效能感 | 总体效应 | -0.235** | -0.078* | 0.106** | — | — | -0.079* |
| 直接效应 | -0.099** | -0.078* | 0.106** | — | — | |
| 间接效应 | -0.136*** | 0.000 | 0.000 | — | — | — |
| 可获得 | 总体效应 | -0.220*** | — | — | — | — | |
| 直接效应 | -0.220*** | — | — | — | — | |
| 间接效应 | — | — | — | — | — | - |
| 依赖度 | 总体效应 | -0.278*** | -0.026* | 0.035** | — | — | -0.026* |
| 直接效应 | -0.110*** | — | — | — | — | — |
| 间接效应 | -0.168*** | -0.026* | 0.035** | — | — | -0.026* |
| 休闲活动 | 总体效应 | 0.572*** | -0.004* | 0.150* | 0.224*** | 0.314*** | 0.115* |
| 直接效应 | 0.618*** | — | 0.144* | 0.224*** | 0.314*** | 0.119* |
| 间接效应 | -0.046*** | -0.004* | 0.006* | — | — | -0.004* |
), ArticleFig(id=1274400335502319685, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, articleId=1153982213751296362, language=CN, label=表7, caption=
社会经济属性的影响
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| 变量 | 效应 | 年龄 | 性别 | 收入 | 职业 | 家庭孩子拥有量 | 汽车拥有量 |
| 自我效能感 | 总体效应 | -0.235** | -0.078* | 0.106** | — | — | -0.079* |
| 直接效应 | -0.099** | -0.078* | 0.106** | — | — | |
| 间接效应 | -0.136*** | 0.000 | 0.000 | — | — | — |
| 可获得 | 总体效应 | -0.220*** | — | — | — | — | |
| 直接效应 | -0.220*** | — | — | — | — | |
| 间接效应 | — | — | — | — | — | - |
| 依赖度 | 总体效应 | -0.278*** | -0.026* | 0.035** | — | — | -0.026* |
| 直接效应 | -0.110*** | — | — | — | — | — |
| 间接效应 | -0.168*** | -0.026* | 0.035** | — | — | -0.026* |
| 休闲活动 | 总体效应 | 0.572*** | -0.004* | 0.150* | 0.224*** | 0.314*** | 0.115* |
| 直接效应 | 0.618*** | — | 0.144* | 0.224*** | 0.314*** | 0.119* |
| 间接效应 | -0.046*** | -0.004* | 0.006* | — | — | -0.004* |
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