Article(id=1153420102092444402, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, issueId=1153001424821674657, articleNumber=1671-1802(2025)08-0080-06, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1730304000000, receivedDateStr=2024-10-31, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752926381848, onlineDateStr=2025-07-19, pubDate=1745510400000, pubDateStr=2025-04-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752926381848, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752926381848, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752926381848, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1153001424821674657, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, year='2025', volume='25', issue='8', pageStart='1', pageEnd='368', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1752826561408, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763438371676, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1197510583135286126, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, issueId=1153001424821674657, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1197510583135286127, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, issueId=1153001424821674657, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=80, endPage=85, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1153420102490903296, articleId=1153420102092444402, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, language=EN, title=Research on Electrokinetic Remediation Properties of Kaolin Contaminated by Cadmium, Lead and Zinc Composites, columnId=1151876674645226399, journalTitle=Science Technology and Industry, columnName=Technology Innovation, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

At present, heavy metal pollution mainly composed of cadmium(Cd), lead(Pb), zinc(Zn), etc. is becoming increasingly severe, which greatly endangers the development of industry and agriculture and the health of people’s lives. Composite heavy metal ion pollution is the main form of pollution in industrial and agricultural production, and research on the remediation of composite heavy metal contaminated soil has practical significance. In addition, there is relatively little research on the use of acetic acid for the remediation of composite heavy metal contaminated kaolin, and its intrinsic remediation mechanism and reaction mechanism still need to be elucidated. In view of this, taking indoor simulated cadmium lead zinc composite polluted kaolin as the research object, electric remediation technology was adopted and different concentrations of acetic acid solution were used to remediate the composite heavy metal polluted kaolin. Combined with various testing methods, the internal remediation mechanism of polluted soil in the electric remediation process was deeply explored by analyzing the changes in electroosmotic flow, pH, conductivity, residual heavy metal ion and current.

, correspAuthors=Jun XIE, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Haibin YANG, Jun XIE), CN=ArticleExt(id=1153420130924089671, articleId=1153420102092444402, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, language=CN, title=镉、铅、锌复合污染高岭土的电动修复特性研究, columnId=1151876674787832737, journalTitle=科技和产业, columnName=科技创新, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

当下,镉(Cd)、铅(Pb)、锌(Zn)等为主的重金属污染日益严,极大危害了工农业发展和人民生命健康。复合重金属离子污染是工农业生产中主要的污染形式,针对复合重金属污染土修复的研究具备现实意义。此外,醋酸用于修复复合重金属污染高岭土的相关研究相对较少,其内在修复机理和反应机制尚待阐明。有鉴于此,以室内模拟的镉铅锌复合污染高岭土作为研究对象,采用电动修复技术并使用不同浓度醋酸溶液对复合重金属污染高岭土进行修复,结合多种测试方法,通过对电渗流、pH、电导率、重金属离子残留量和电流变化进行分析,深入探究电动修复过程的污染土内在修复机理。

, correspAuthors=解钧, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
解钧(1996—),男,山西交口人,硕士,工程师,研究方向为土木工程环境岩土
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杨海滨(1975—),男,河北曲阳人,高级工程师,研究方向为道路与桥梁相关研究和工程

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杨海滨(1975—),男,河北曲阳人,高级工程师,研究方向为道路与桥梁相关研究和工程

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杨海滨(1975—),男,河北曲阳人,高级工程师,研究方向为道路与桥梁相关研究和工程

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高岭土 Al2O3 SiO2 Fe2O3 CaO MgO K2O TiO2 LOSS
含量/% 44.42 52.68 0.48 0.24 0.17 1.11 44.42 0.90
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高岭土化学成分

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高岭土 Al2O3 SiO2 Fe2O3 CaO MgO K2O TiO2 LOSS
含量/% 44.42 52.68 0.48 0.24 0.17 1.11 44.42 0.90
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编号 修复液种类 电极材料 电压/
V
时间/
h
阴极 阳极 阴极 阳极
1-1 蒸馏水 蒸馏水 石墨 石墨 30 96
1-2 0.05 mol/L醋酸 0.05 mol/L醋酸 石墨 石墨 30 96
1-3 0.1 mol/L醋酸 0.1 mol/L醋酸 石墨 石墨 30 96
1-4 0.15 mol/L醋酸 0.15 mol/L醋酸 石墨 石墨 30 96
1-5 0.2 mol/L醋酸 0.2 mol/L醋酸 石墨 石墨 30 96
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试验方案

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编号 修复液种类 电极材料 电压/
V
时间/
h
阴极 阳极 阴极 阳极
1-1 蒸馏水 蒸馏水 石墨 石墨 30 96
1-2 0.05 mol/L醋酸 0.05 mol/L醋酸 石墨 石墨 30 96
1-3 0.1 mol/L醋酸 0.1 mol/L醋酸 石墨 石墨 30 96
1-4 0.15 mol/L醋酸 0.15 mol/L醋酸 石墨 石墨 30 96
1-5 0.2 mol/L醋酸 0.2 mol/L醋酸 石墨 石墨 30 96
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镉、铅、锌复合污染高岭土的电动修复特性研究
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杨海滨 1 , 解钧 2
科技和产业 | 科技创新 2025,25(8): 80-85
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科技和产业 | 科技创新 2025, 25(8): 80-85
镉、铅、锌复合污染高岭土的电动修复特性研究
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杨海滨1, 解钧2
作者信息
  • 1 晋城高速公路管理有限公司, 山西 晋城 045000
  • 2 山西省交通新技术发展有限公司, 太原 030024
  • 杨海滨(1975—),男,河北曲阳人,高级工程师,研究方向为道路与桥梁相关研究和工程

通讯作者:

解钧(1996—),男,山西交口人,硕士,工程师,研究方向为土木工程环境岩土
Research on Electrokinetic Remediation Properties of Kaolin Contaminated by Cadmium, Lead and Zinc Composites
Haibin YANG1, Jun XIE2
Affiliations
  • 1 Jincheng Expressway Management Co. Ltd., Jincheng 045000, Shanxi, China
  • 2 Shanxi Transportation New Technology Development Co. Ltd., Taiyuan 030024, China
出版时间: 2025-04-25
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当下,镉(Cd)、铅(Pb)、锌(Zn)等为主的重金属污染日益严,极大危害了工农业发展和人民生命健康。复合重金属离子污染是工农业生产中主要的污染形式,针对复合重金属污染土修复的研究具备现实意义。此外,醋酸用于修复复合重金属污染高岭土的相关研究相对较少,其内在修复机理和反应机制尚待阐明。有鉴于此,以室内模拟的镉铅锌复合污染高岭土作为研究对象,采用电动修复技术并使用不同浓度醋酸溶液对复合重金属污染高岭土进行修复,结合多种测试方法,通过对电渗流、pH、电导率、重金属离子残留量和电流变化进行分析,深入探究电动修复过程的污染土内在修复机理。

复合污染土  /  电动修复  /  pH  /  重金属离子  /  电流变化

At present, heavy metal pollution mainly composed of cadmium(Cd), lead(Pb), zinc(Zn), etc. is becoming increasingly severe, which greatly endangers the development of industry and agriculture and the health of people’s lives. Composite heavy metal ion pollution is the main form of pollution in industrial and agricultural production, and research on the remediation of composite heavy metal contaminated soil has practical significance. In addition, there is relatively little research on the use of acetic acid for the remediation of composite heavy metal contaminated kaolin, and its intrinsic remediation mechanism and reaction mechanism still need to be elucidated. In view of this, taking indoor simulated cadmium lead zinc composite polluted kaolin as the research object, electric remediation technology was adopted and different concentrations of acetic acid solution were used to remediate the composite heavy metal polluted kaolin. Combined with various testing methods, the internal remediation mechanism of polluted soil in the electric remediation process was deeply explored by analyzing the changes in electroosmotic flow, pH, conductivity, residual heavy metal ion and current.

composite polluted soil  /  electrokinetic remediation  /  pH  /  heavy metal ions  /  current variation
杨海滨, 解钧. 镉、铅、锌复合污染高岭土的电动修复特性研究. 科技和产业, 2025 , 25 (8) : 80 -85 .
Haibin YANG, Jun XIE. Research on Electrokinetic Remediation Properties of Kaolin Contaminated by Cadmium, Lead and Zinc Composites[J]. Science Technology and Industry, 2025 , 25 (8) : 80 -85 .
随着中国工业化的发展,土壤污染问题日趋严重,镉、铅、锌是工农业生产的主要污染物,这三种离子经常存在于相同区域造成复合污染,在城市中镉和铅的污染相对更加严重[1]。根据全国土壤污染状况调查公报显示[2],土壤污染问题依然是不容乐观,造成土壤污染严重和超标率高的原因主要是工矿业,农业以及土壤本身背景值高,土壤总体超标率为16.1%,镉、铅、锌三种污染重金属离子超标率分别为7%、1.5%、0.9%。 金属冶炼类园区周围土壤主要污染物为镉、铅、铜、砷和锌;在对采矿区的调查中,超标点位占33.4%,主要污染物为镉、铅、砷和多环芳烃;在公路两侧150 m范围内调查得知主要污染物为铅、锌、砷和多环芳烃。一些学者结合受污染耕地、涉重企业分布对土壤重金属污染成因进行分析调查发现[3],研究发现耕地污染和涉重企业的重金属离子分布主要受其背景值控制,同源重金属铅、铜、镉、锌存在严重的重金属富集现象与区域性复合重金属污染状况。不难看出,土壤污染大多为复合型污染,对复合型污染土壤进行研究具有现实意义。
2018年,《土壤污染防治法》[4]正式开始实施,国家对此问题愈加重视,目前需要的是一整套体系成熟的、效果明显的、能够快速修复并且修复后不会产生复发污染问题的修复手段。诸多学者研究发现,电动修复是近年研究出的修复效果好且可以投入使用的修复手段之一[5]。电动修复是指把污染土放入土槽,在两边垂直的插上事先选择好的阴阳电极材料,并施加低电压电流形成电压梯度,施加电流期间,在两边使用合适的修复土壤液,循环往复地进行修复[6]。相关研究表明,电动修复技术可以有效地去除低渗透性,比表面积大的土壤中污染离子,是一种针对污染离子修复的高效手段[7]
在电动修复过程中,阴极产生的OH-离子通常会与释放的重金属离子发生反应,形成沉淀物,而阳极产生的H+则形成酸性环境,有助于从土壤颗粒中分解重金属。而电解液的使用能够调节pH值,提升导电性,增加污染重金属的溶解度及其迁移性,减少电极腐蚀产生物质对修复过程的负面影响。某些电解液还可触发络合反应,促进重金属的分离,使污染物以离子形态或是迁移性较强的络合物存在,从而增强修复效率并提高污染物的去除率,学者们对重金属污染情况下的各种辅助试剂进行了广泛研究[8-9]
陈敏洁等[10]通过电动力修复试验,比较了不同浓度的柠檬酸和皂素混合溶液作为电解液对钍污染土壤的修复效果。研究发现,0.2 mol/L柠檬酸与0.1 mol/L皂素的混合溶液作为电解液时,修复效果最佳,钍去除率达到59.94%。高建明等[11]使用三种有机酸作为修复液,对镉和铅的去除情况进行测定,发现柠檬酸相比酒石酸和乳酸,更能够促进重金属向弱酸提取态迁移转化。
诸多学者在针对单一重金属离子的修复液方面已经做了很多尝试,包括不同种类活化剂、酸碱盐、螯合剂和络合剂等[8-9]。而复合重金属离子污染高岭土修复的相关研究还鲜见发表,不同醋酸浓度对于复合重金属污染高岭土电动修复的修复效果和反应机理还亟待发展,针对其进行研究具有重要意义。
有鉴于此,研究使用了4个不同的醋酸溶液浓度梯度(0.05、0.1、0.15、0.2 mol/L)对镉、铅、锌复合污染高岭土进行修复,选用高岭土是因为镉、铅、锌复合高岭土具有环境的友好性和低廉的价格,选用高岭土进行研究具有现实意义[12]。通过多个不同的修复指标对不同醋酸溶液作为电解液的电动修复下镉、铅、锌复合污染高岭土的修复效果进行系统评估和分析,研究不同醋酸浓度下的电动修复特性,探讨醋酸浓度对镉、铅、锌复合污染高岭土电动修复效果的影响。
试验用高岭土为河南铂润生产,土样颜色为灰白色,颗粒呈粉末状经测试清洁土的pH值为6.75,电导率为213 μs/cm。选择高岭土作为电动土壤修复的试验介质带来诸多益处,高岭土的独特晶体构造赋予其卓越的吸收能力,特别是对重金属离子,可以有效地促进其在电动修复过程中的移除;化学上的稳定性使得高岭土不容易与土样中的污染物发生化学反应,有利于保持修复过程的稳定;同时,作为一种天然资源,高岭土对环境友好,使用后也容易处理和回收,使其成为电动修复试验的理想选择[12-13]。高岭土主要成分如表1所示,可以从中看出主要成分为Al2O3和SiO2
图1为高岭土微观图,可以看出其由层状结构组成,这种结构导致电动修复过程中高岭土具有良好的疏水性、导电性。图2显示高岭土中除了碳元素和氧元素,主要成分是由铝元素和硅元素构成,与其化学成分表现一致。污染土离子配置采用的分析级硝酸铅、六水合硝酸锌、四水合硝酸镉均由中国国药化学试剂公司生产。电动修复液配置分别使用醋酸和蒸馏水作为试验水源。
首先,精确称取所需化学试剂,并在蒸馏水中溶解。随后,利用砂浆搅拌机将含有重金属离子的溶液与高岭土进行了彻底的机械混合,搅拌过程持续20 min以确保混合的充分性和均匀性。土样与水的重量比例严格控制在1∶0.45,以便在混合后的污染土样中获得精确的重金属含量,在复合污染土中铅、锌、镉的浓度分别设定1 000 mg/kg、1 000 mg/kg和100 mg/kg。此外,对污染高岭土的酸碱度和电导率进行测量,结果显示土样的pH值为4.71,电导率为374 μs/cm,这为后续的电动修复试验提供了严格控制的初始条件。
试验修复装置为自主设计的有机玻璃反应槽(长×宽×高=30 cm×7.5 cm×10 cm)如图3所示,两侧为尺寸相同的电极室(长×宽×高=5 cm×7.5 cm×10 cm)。电极室与土壤室之间通过多孔隔板进行隔离,外层覆盖滤网,用以阻止土体颗粒进入电极室。为了便于采样与分析,土样由阴极至阳极方向被划分为10个等份,编号从S1至S10。电极室中心设置两个相同孔洞,通过恒流泵,从下方孔洞引入电解液,上方孔洞排出电解液,确保电解液能够得到充分利用,并将排出的液体循环回收至储液瓶中。电极选用石墨材质(长×宽×高=1 cm×7.5 cm×10 cm),通过铜质导线与电源连接。
采用4个不同浓度梯度(0.05 mol/L、0.1 mol/L、0.15 mol/L、0.2 mol/L)的醋酸作为辅助试剂,同时使用蒸馏水作对比试验。储液瓶中均存储2 L溶液,避免阴阳极溶液在电动修复作用下产生迁移导致电解液用空情况的出现。电压设置为恒定电压30 V,采用直流电源连续通电96 h,恒流泵始终运行以保证电解液的及时供应,具体的试验方案如表2所示。
电渗流变化如图4所示,从图4中可以明显看出电渗流值随时间增长不断上升,这与阳极储液罐液面下降更快也相符,表明电渗流从阳极向阴极移动。随着时间增长,电渗流的增幅逐渐减小,而相关研究表明[14],电渗流大小与电流大小呈正比例关系,这说明电渗流的增幅减小可能与试验后期电流较低有关。
土体携带的负电荷也是影响电渗流方向的一个重要因素,促使电渗流从阳极向阴极方向移动。试验中阴极槽出现胶质沉淀,推测为铅、锌、镉的碱性沉淀物,而阳极槽内比较清澈,说明电渗流方向为阳极到阴极且阳极槽内没有发生反应。
蒸馏水作为电解液时的电渗流体积及增长幅度均明显低于醋酸,这是由于醋酸根离子与土体内的重金属离子络合,提高了体系的导电性,电流增大,电渗流体积随之增加。醋酸浓度增大,相应的离子数量也增多,因而提高醋酸浓度可以提高内部的电渗效果,值得注意的是相比于0.15 mol/L醋酸时,0.2 mol/L的醋酸对应电渗流增幅已不明显,这可能是醋酸浓度增大到一定程度时,其与重金属离子的相互络合作用已不再明显,导电性提升较小,因而电渗流增幅较小。
pH变化如图5所示,从图5中可以看出从阳极到阴极,pH不断增长,这是由于阴阳两极电解过程中,阳极产生H+和阴极产生OH-不断向另一极迁移,而OH-迁移速度低于H+,因而H+更快的迁移往阴极与OH-结合,因而由阳极到阴极pH逐渐增大[15]
试验整个过程中的pH均未超过7,一方面是由于土体中硝酸盐成分导致土体整体偏酸性,另一方面则是由于醋酸的添加显著降低了体系的酸碱度。
相比于使用蒸馏水,醋酸可以显著降低体系的pH,相关研究显示[16-17],较低的pH环境更有利于促进重金属离子的析出,因而使用醋酸可以显著提高电动修复效率。随着醋酸浓度的增加,体系内部的酸性显著提高,酸性环境可以有效地促进内部反应的进行,更有利于重金属离子去除效率的提升。
电导率变化如图6所示,电导率可以直观反映体系中可迁移离子数量,进而说明体系的导电性能。电导率较高意味着更多的离子可以进行导电和迁移,从而促进离子在土样中的运动。
蒸馏水作为电解液时,从阳极到阴极电导率呈下降趋势,这种下降是由内部离子迁移导致的。随着时间推移,离子的迁移速度减缓,导致电渗流和修复效率逐渐降低。添加醋酸可以显著提高整体的电导率值,且醋酸浓度提高电导率值也整体随之提高,这是由于醋酸根离子的加入提高了电导率。
值得注意的是醋酸浓度在0.15 mol/L左右时,电导率在阳极呈先增加后减小的趋势,这可能是因为醋酸根离子的加入,使得内部离子迁移活跃,增强了电渗流和电导率。阴极区附近,电导率呈现下降趋势,这是由于重金属离子与OH-结合形成沉淀后析出,阻碍了后续反应进行,导电性下降,但醋酸溶液的导电性仍明显高于蒸馏水,说明醋酸的加入可以提高电动修复效率,也说明合理的醋酸浓度可以最大程度促进反应的进行。
图7(a)~图7(c)分别为镉、铅、锌离子残留率。试验表明,从阳极到阴极重金属离子含量均先增加后减小,S4区域为离子含量最高的区域,这种现象的原因是离子从阳极向阴极迁移,与OH-反应生成沉淀从而使S5区域离子浓度降低引起的。
整体上看,铅离子残留率较高,说明铅离子去除难度较大,蒸馏水内离子残留量显著高于醋酸。蒸馏水中,镉、铅、锌对应的离子修复效率仅为18.7%、17.2%、23.6%。而在醋酸溶液中,随着醋酸浓度的增加,镉离子对应修复效率为63.2%、71.4%、83.3%、85.5%;铅离子对应修复效率为24.3%、35.2%、56.7%、61.5%;锌离子对应修复效率为67.9%、81.3%、92.2%、94.3%。随着醋酸浓度上升,离子残留量随之下降,但当醋酸浓度达0.15 mol/L时,继续提升醋酸浓度相应的离子残留量下降幅度较小,说明醋酸浓度过高时,对于电动修复效率的提升不明显,也进一步说明合理的醋酸浓度可以在有高重金属离子去除率的同时具有相对较小的资源消耗。
电动修复电流变化如图8所示,1-1~1-5对应电流峰值分别为72.5、98.7、103.2、115.4、133 mA。
整体上电流变化趋势为先快速增大,然后逐渐下降,在35~40 h后,电流值趋于稳定,处于动态平衡状态,体系反应早期,随着离子迁移和两极电解,体系内部离子浓度较高且相对活跃,因而电流值较大,随着反应的进行,迁移的重金属离子在阴极附近发生沉淀,在减少游离重金属离子量的同时也阻碍了后续的离子迁移活动,体系内部的离子量减少,最终趋于稳定[18]
蒸馏水对应电流峰值低于醋酸,从图8中可以看出蒸馏水在20 h后电流值便迅速衰减降低,而醋酸溶液则是在35~40 h以后电流值才出现明显衰减,这也表明相较之蒸馏水,醋酸溶液有利于电动修复的进行和修复效率的提高,醋酸的增加可以显著提高重金属离子去除效率。
随着醋酸浓度增加,电流峰值增加,动态平衡的电流值也相应增加,对应能耗也随之增大,当醋酸浓度提高到一定程度时,其能耗会显著增加,当醋酸浓度从0.1 mol/L增加至0.15 mol/L时对应电流峰值的增量显著低于增加至0.2 mol/L时的电流峰值,这表明0.15 mol/L醋酸浓度是相比较而言更加经济和高效的电解液浓度选择,该醋酸浓度下的修复效率和能耗更优越。
本文通过使用蒸馏水与不同浓度醋酸溶液下对镉、铅、锌复合污染高岭土进行电动修复,研究了不同条件下电渗流、pH值、电导率、重金属离子含量、电流的变化,系统地评价了醋酸对镉、铅、锌复合重金属污染高岭土进行电动修复的效果,并得出了如下结论。
(1)醋酸溶液作为修复液明显提升了电渗流,降低了pH,这是由于醋酸显酸性导致的,醋酸浓度越大,酸性越大,pH越低。酸性环境越明显,电动修复效果越理想,但醋酸浓度过高时,修复效果相对提升较小。
(2)从阳极到阴极,重金属离子残留量逐渐上升,醋酸溶液对于复合重金属离子去除有显著效果。醋酸对镉、铅、锌的平均离子去除率显著高于蒸馏水,随着醋酸浓度的增加,离子去除率逐渐上升,说明提高醋酸浓度可以显著提高复合重金属离子的修复效率,针对铅离子的修复效果相虽然较镉、锌离子较不明显,但在最佳醋酸浓度下去除率仍达一半以上。
(3)整体上,体系内电流呈峰型趋势,具体表现为在修复几小时内增至一个峰值,随后电流值逐渐下降,在35~40 h以后电流处于动态平衡状态。随着醋酸浓度增大,其电流也相应增大,但醋酸浓度增至0.15 mol/L的电流值增幅低于增至0.2 mol/L时对应的电流值增幅。
(4)醋酸综合最佳浓度选择0.15 mol/L,该浓度下修复效率较好且相对能耗低,镉离子修复率达到83.3%,锌离子修复率达到92.2%,而铅离子的修复率仅56.7%,略低于0.2 mol/L时的离子修复率,继续提高醋酸浓度虽然可以提高修复效率,但相应能耗提升显著。
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2025年第25卷第8期
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  • 接收时间:2024-10-31
  • 首发时间:2025-07-19
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  • 收稿日期:2024-10-31
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    1 晋城高速公路管理有限公司, 山西 晋城 045000
    2 山西省交通新技术发展有限公司, 太原 030024

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解钧(1996—),男,山西交口人,硕士,工程师,研究方向为土木工程环境岩土
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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