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As artificial intelligence becomes increasingly integrated into daily life, particularly in areas such as urban transportation and environmental impact, the potential for widespread adoption of autonomous vehicles has become a significant topic of inquiry. Online surveys and statistical analysis were conducted to examine the influence of media environments (mass media, social media, and electronic word of mouth) on the purchasing intentions for autonomous vehicles, while also considering the moderating role of gender. The results indicate that social media has a positive effect on purchasing intentions, especially among male users, whereas mass media and electronic word of mouth do not show significant effects. These findings provide insights into how different media environments can affect the market acceptance of autonomous vehicles, offering important references for the development of urban transportation and sustainable social practices.

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随着人工智能在日常生活中的普及,特别是对城市交通和环境影响深远的自动驾驶汽车,探讨其是否具有普及性成为重要课题。通过网络问卷调查和统计分析,探讨媒体环境(大众媒体、社交媒体和电子口碑)对自动驾驶汽车购买意愿的影响,并考察了性别的调节作用。结果发现,社交媒体对购买意愿有正向影响,特别是对男性用户更为显著,而大众媒体和电子口碑无显著影响。这些发现为理解媒体环境如何影响自动驾驶汽车的市场接受度提供了洞见,对城市交通发展和社会可持续性具有重要参考价值。

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吴静文(1994—),女,广东兴宁人,博士研究生,研究方向为可持续性发展、消费者行为研究、旅游管理

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吴静文(1994—),女,广东兴宁人,博士研究生,研究方向为可持续性发展、消费者行为研究、旅游管理

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吴静文(1994—),女,广东兴宁人,博士研究生,研究方向为可持续性发展、消费者行为研究、旅游管理

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项目 提取值 成分
1 2 3 4
我从大众媒体上看到了关于自动驾驶汽车的信息 0.715 0.820
我在大众媒体上看过关于自动驾驶汽车的报道 0.725 0.830
通过大众媒体,我对自动驾驶汽车有了更好的了解 0.537 0.692
我的社交媒体朋友圈里有人分享了自动驾驶汽车的信息 0.735 0.812
我在我的社交媒体上看到了推荐自动驾驶汽车的报道 0.743 0.811
我在一些流行的社交平台或论坛上看到了一些关于自动驾驶汽车的新闻 0.640 0.720
网上他人的评论对我在选择自动驾驶汽车时的决策非常重要 0.608 0.770
如果我在做决定的时候不看他人在网上的评论,我会担心我的决定 0.747 0.853
我经常参考他人在网上的评论来帮助我做选择 0.688 0.826
我预计末来我会尝试购买无人驾驶汽车 0.829 0.890
我愿意在未来购买一辆无人驾驶汽车 0.862 0.906
如果价格合适的话,我以后打算购买无人驾驶汽车 0.811 0.882
如果无人驾驶汽车在我的地区可用,我会愿意考虑购买它 0.747 0.851
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测量项目

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项目 提取值 成分
1 2 3 4
我从大众媒体上看到了关于自动驾驶汽车的信息 0.715 0.820
我在大众媒体上看过关于自动驾驶汽车的报道 0.725 0.830
通过大众媒体,我对自动驾驶汽车有了更好的了解 0.537 0.692
我的社交媒体朋友圈里有人分享了自动驾驶汽车的信息 0.735 0.812
我在我的社交媒体上看到了推荐自动驾驶汽车的报道 0.743 0.811
我在一些流行的社交平台或论坛上看到了一些关于自动驾驶汽车的新闻 0.640 0.720
网上他人的评论对我在选择自动驾驶汽车时的决策非常重要 0.608 0.770
如果我在做决定的时候不看他人在网上的评论,我会担心我的决定 0.747 0.853
我经常参考他人在网上的评论来帮助我做选择 0.688 0.826
我预计末来我会尝试购买无人驾驶汽车 0.829 0.890
我愿意在未来购买一辆无人驾驶汽车 0.862 0.906
如果价格合适的话,我以后打算购买无人驾驶汽车 0.811 0.882
如果无人驾驶汽车在我的地区可用,我会愿意考虑购买它 0.747 0.851
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变量 类别 频率(样本
数为350)
占比/%
性别 133 38.0
217 62.0
年龄 18~24岁 133 38.0
25~34岁 143 40.9
35~44岁 53 15.1
45~54岁 14 4.0
55岁及以上 7 2.0
职业 学生 108 30.9
公务员 11 3.1
自由职业 17 4.9
公司职员 176 50.3
其他 38 10.9
年平均总
收入(税后)
50 000元及以下 112 32.0
50 001~100 000元 86 24.6
100 001~150 000元 71 20.3
150 001~200 000元 44 12.6
200 001元及以上 37 10.6
最高学历 高中及以下 24 6.9
3年制专科 61 17.4
4年制本科 222 63.4
硕士研究生及以上 43 12.3
居住地 北京 40 11.4
上海 37 10.6
广东省珠三角地区 203 58.0
广东省非珠江三角洲地区 70 20.0
使用经验 153 43.7
没有 197 56.3
常用汽
车类型
燃油汽车 156 44.6
新能源汽车 176 50.3
自动驾驶汽车 18 5.1
交通事
故经验
176 50.3
没有 174 49.7
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人口特征

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量 类别 频率(样本
数为350)
占比/%
性别 133 38.0
217 62.0
年龄 18~24岁 133 38.0
25~34岁 143 40.9
35~44岁 53 15.1
45~54岁 14 4.0
55岁及以上 7 2.0
职业 学生 108 30.9
公务员 11 3.1
自由职业 17 4.9
公司职员 176 50.3
其他 38 10.9
年平均总
收入(税后)
50 000元及以下 112 32.0
50 001~100 000元 86 24.6
100 001~150 000元 71 20.3
150 001~200 000元 44 12.6
200 001元及以上 37 10.6
最高学历 高中及以下 24 6.9
3年制专科 61 17.4
4年制本科 222 63.4
硕士研究生及以上 43 12.3
居住地 北京 40 11.4
上海 37 10.6
广东省珠三角地区 203 58.0
广东省非珠江三角洲地区 70 20.0
使用经验 153 43.7
没有 197 56.3
常用汽
车类型
燃油汽车 156 44.6
新能源汽车 176 50.3
自动驾驶汽车 18 5.1
交通事
故经验
176 50.3
没有 174 49.7
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变量 平均值 标准差 大众媒体 社交媒体 电子口碑 自动驾驶汽
车购买意愿
性别
大众媒体 5.767 0.826 (0.724) 0.384** 0.144** 0.212** -0.076
社交媒体 4.956 1.225 (0.765) 0.049 0.414** -0.140**
电子口碑 5.309 1.016 (0.755) 0.027 0.035
自动驾驶汽车购买意愿 5.036 1.173 (0.923) -0.072
性别 1.620 0.486
KMO=0.813, Chi-Square=2 078.139, df=78, P=0.000,总方差解释累积72.207%
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研究结构之间的平均值、标准差、可靠性和相关性

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变量 平均值 标准差 大众媒体 社交媒体 电子口碑 自动驾驶汽
车购买意愿
性别
大众媒体 5.767 0.826 (0.724) 0.384** 0.144** 0.212** -0.076
社交媒体 4.956 1.225 (0.765) 0.049 0.414** -0.140**
电子口碑 5.309 1.016 (0.755) 0.027 0.035
自动驾驶汽车购买意愿 5.036 1.173 (0.923) -0.072
性别 1.620 0.486
KMO=0.813, Chi-Square=2 078.139, df=78, P=0.000,总方差解释累积72.207%
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变量 非标准化系数 标准化系数 t P VIF
贝塔(β) 标准误差 贝塔(β)
常数 2.678 0.480 5.580 0.000***
大众媒体 0.089 0.076 0.062 1.169 0.243 1.195
社交媒体 0.374 0.051 0.390 7.374 0.000*** 1.173
电子口碑 -0.001 0.057 -0.001 -0.017 0.987 1.021
R2 0.175
ΔR2 0.168
杜宾-瓦特森 1.820
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多元回归结果

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变量 非标准化系数 标准化系数 t P VIF
贝塔(β) 标准误差 贝塔(β)
常数 2.678 0.480 5.580 0.000***
大众媒体 0.089 0.076 0.062 1.169 0.243 1.195
社交媒体 0.374 0.051 0.390 7.374 0.000*** 1.173
电子口碑 -0.001 0.057 -0.001 -0.017 0.987 1.021
R2 0.175
ΔR2 0.168
杜宾-瓦特森 1.820
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路径 性别 非标准化系数 标准化
系数
t P Fisher-Z
(95CI)
贝塔
(β)
标准
误差
贝塔
(β)
H4 男性 0.342 0.125 0.232 2.731 0.007 0.468
女性 0.269 0.093 0.194 2.896 0.004
H5 男性 0.544 0.078 0.519 6.957 0.000 2.259
女性 0.323 0.059 0.350 5.478 0.000
H6 男性 0.103 0.098 0.092 1.058 0.292 0.909
女性 -0.012 0.08 -0.011 -0.154 0.878
), ArticleFig(id=1179117456552505422, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, articleId=1152977385570951878, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

依据回归系数的Fisher-Z检验结果

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路径 性别 非标准化系数 标准化
系数
t P Fisher-Z
(95CI)
贝塔
(β)
标准
误差
贝塔
(β)
H4 男性 0.342 0.125 0.232 2.731 0.007 0.468
女性 0.269 0.093 0.194 2.896 0.004
H5 男性 0.544 0.078 0.519 6.957 0.000 2.259
女性 0.323 0.059 0.350 5.478 0.000
H6 男性 0.103 0.098 0.092 1.058 0.292 0.909
女性 -0.012 0.08 -0.011 -0.154 0.878
), ArticleFig(id=1179117456628002896, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, articleId=1152977385570951878, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
假设 检验结果 数据结果
H1:大众媒体对自动驾驶汽车的购买意愿具有正向影响 拒绝 β=0.062,
P=0.243>0.05
H2:社交媒体对自动驾驶汽车的购买意愿具有正向影响 支持 β=0.390,
P=0.000<0.05
H3:电子口碑对自动驾驶汽车的购买意愿具有正向影响 拒绝 β=-0.001,
P=0.987>0.05
H4:性别在大众媒体与购买意愿的路径中具有调节作用 拒绝 Z=0.468<1.96,
P>0.05
H5:性别在社交媒体与购买意愿的路径中具有调节作用 支持 Z=2.259>1.96,
P<0.05
H6:性别在电子口碑与购买意愿的路径中具有调节作用 拒绝 Z=0.909<1.96,
P>0.05
), ArticleFig(id=1179117456703500370, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, articleId=1152977385570951878, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

假设结果检验

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假设 检验结果 数据结果
H1:大众媒体对自动驾驶汽车的购买意愿具有正向影响 拒绝 β=0.062,
P=0.243>0.05
H2:社交媒体对自动驾驶汽车的购买意愿具有正向影响 支持 β=0.390,
P=0.000<0.05
H3:电子口碑对自动驾驶汽车的购买意愿具有正向影响 拒绝 β=-0.001,
P=0.987>0.05
H4:性别在大众媒体与购买意愿的路径中具有调节作用 拒绝 Z=0.468<1.96,
P>0.05
H5:性别在社交媒体与购买意愿的路径中具有调节作用 支持 Z=2.259>1.96,
P<0.05
H6:性别在电子口碑与购买意愿的路径中具有调节作用 拒绝 Z=0.909<1.96,
P>0.05
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媒体环境对自动驾驶汽车购买意愿的影响——性别的调节作用
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吴静文
科技和产业 | 产业发展 2025,25(9): 153-162
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科技和产业 | 产业发展 2025, 25(9): 153-162
媒体环境对自动驾驶汽车购买意愿的影响——性别的调节作用
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吴静文
作者信息
  • 广州工商学院商学院, 广州 510800
  • 吴静文(1994—),女,广东兴宁人,博士研究生,研究方向为可持续性发展、消费者行为研究、旅游管理

Impact of Media Environment on the Purchase Intentions for Autonomous Vehicles: The Moderating Role of Gender
Jingwen WU
Affiliations
  • Business School, Guangzhou College of Technology and Business, Guangzhou 510800, China
出版时间: 2025-05-10
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随着人工智能在日常生活中的普及,特别是对城市交通和环境影响深远的自动驾驶汽车,探讨其是否具有普及性成为重要课题。通过网络问卷调查和统计分析,探讨媒体环境(大众媒体、社交媒体和电子口碑)对自动驾驶汽车购买意愿的影响,并考察了性别的调节作用。结果发现,社交媒体对购买意愿有正向影响,特别是对男性用户更为显著,而大众媒体和电子口碑无显著影响。这些发现为理解媒体环境如何影响自动驾驶汽车的市场接受度提供了洞见,对城市交通发展和社会可持续性具有重要参考价值。

自动驾驶汽车  /  媒体环境  /  性别

As artificial intelligence becomes increasingly integrated into daily life, particularly in areas such as urban transportation and environmental impact, the potential for widespread adoption of autonomous vehicles has become a significant topic of inquiry. Online surveys and statistical analysis were conducted to examine the influence of media environments (mass media, social media, and electronic word of mouth) on the purchasing intentions for autonomous vehicles, while also considering the moderating role of gender. The results indicate that social media has a positive effect on purchasing intentions, especially among male users, whereas mass media and electronic word of mouth do not show significant effects. These findings provide insights into how different media environments can affect the market acceptance of autonomous vehicles, offering important references for the development of urban transportation and sustainable social practices.

autonomous vehicles  /  media environment  /  gender
吴静文. 媒体环境对自动驾驶汽车购买意愿的影响——性别的调节作用. 科技和产业, 2025 , 25 (9) : 153 -162 .
Jingwen WU. Impact of Media Environment on the Purchase Intentions for Autonomous Vehicles: The Moderating Role of Gender[J]. Science Technology and Industry, 2025 , 25 (9) : 153 -162 .
技术革新与人类社会生生相息,特别是具有颠覆性的自动化技术,使得人们的社会结构和生活方式产生根本性改变。正如Ford[1]所言,自动化正在替代人工,重塑人们的生活。将汽车与自动化技术相融合,自动驾驶汽车横空出世。自动驾驶汽车是一种完全没有人为干预或只有少量驾驶员帮助的汽车。完全自动驾驶汽车是将驾驶功能从人类转移到车辆[2],无须人为干涉[3]。这种自动驾驶汽车被誉为城市的新机遇[4],未来移动系统的重要组成部分[5]。然而,超8成的美国司机不接受自动驾驶汽车[6],更乐于亲自驾驶[7]。随着自动驾驶术的快速发展,美国在2020年率先完成自动驾驶出租车的商业化运行[8]。中国紧跟其后,于2021年在北京获得自动驾驶出租车的商业化运行批准[9]。根据现有研究,自动驾驶汽车的好处是直观的。自动驾驶汽车可帮助抗击流行病[10],减少城市拥堵[11-14],降低燃料消耗和环境影响[12,14-16], 降低出行成本[13],提高乘客时间效率[14], 减少停车需求[17],提高能源效率[12,14],增加道路容量[17],以及改善安全性并减少事故[16]
颠覆性的技术发展进步是好坏参半的。尽管现有的研究明确表明了自动驾驶所带来的好处。但业界和人们对其亦持消极的想法。例如,人工智能与失业挂钩[18],发达国家和高收入国家人们对自动驾驶汽车更为悲观,且表达负面评论的可能性更高[19-21]。更重要的是,学术界已经认识到能源问题、技术和系统方面是可持续发展科学的重点[22]。高度颠覆性的自动驾驶汽车不仅有可能改变人类生活的方方面面,而且它们的开发和应用与绿色可持续城市密切相关[23]。如前所述,自动驾驶汽车的普及可以有效地减少城市交通拥堵,从而减少空气污染和碳排放。此外,自动驾驶汽车提高了交通效率和道路利用率,减少了能源消耗和交通事故,促进了能源的可持续利用和交通安全。因此,自动驾驶汽车的开发和应用有望对城市交通、环境和社会发展产生可持续的积极影响。
中美两国分别于2020年及2021年完成自动驾驶出租车的商业化部署[8-9]。这预示着,未来自动驾驶汽车可能取代现有的传统燃油车辆,完全融入市场。因此探索消费者购买自动驾驶汽车潜在措施至关重要。以往关于消费者采用自动驾驶汽车的研究主要依赖于技术接受模型(TAM)[24-26]。然而,技术接受模型将产品的实用性和便利性作为采用自动驾驶汽车的关键决定因素,这可能无法完全捕捉到消费者行为的复杂性。为了克服技术接受模型的局限性,最近的研究中纳入了考虑消费者特定因素(如自我效能和主观规范)的模型[7,24,27]。尽管有了这种演变,但这些模型往往无法考虑到外部环境因素,如电子口碑(e-WOM),而这些因素对消费者行为有着重大影响。
社会认知理论认为环境可以诱导人们的行为结果[28]。因此,本文旨在利用社会认知理论相结合,评估外部环境对行为的直接影响,这种方法旨在全面阐明环境刺激在塑造消费者行为的作用。此外,考虑到性别作为一个基本的生物和社会属性,常常影响个体的行为、态度以及经历。不同性别的个体在许多方面可能表现出显著的差异,如消费行为[29]、态度[30]、意愿[31]等。结合上述考虑,本文以中国公民为研究对象,意图揭示影响消费者购买自动驾驶汽车的关键因素,期望通过对中国自动驾驶汽车的探索,对于推动全球无人驾驶技术的发展,促进其完全融入市场,鼓励消费者购买自动驾驶汽车,建设绿色和可持续发展的城市至关重要。对政府和行业监管机构而言,了解媒体环境对自动驾驶技术在市场接受度方面的作用,有助于制定更为科学和合理的行业政策和监管措施,以促进技术创新和市场健康发展。
随着研究的不断深入和具象化,越来越多的学者从不同角度挖掘与自动驾驶汽车相关的因素。例如,感知行为控制[24]服务质量[25],传播媒介影响[26] 和媒体环境[7,27]等。已证实感知行为控制对老年人接受自动驾驶汽车的行为意向具有正向积极作用[24]。服务质量作为前置因素,均正向影响消费者对自动驾驶汽车的行为态度及使用意愿[25]。此外,传播媒介影响具有间接影响作用,通过感知有用性和感知风险影响对消费者的自动驾驶汽车使用意图和行为。其中,传播媒介影响正向影响感知有用性,负面影响感知风险[26]。除此之外,特别是其中的媒体环境,在自动驾驶汽车相关研究中,媒体可以按照多种方式进行分类和研究,包括大众传媒[27]、社交媒体与大众传媒[7]以及社交媒体与传统媒体[32]。然而,媒体报道既有积极的亦有消极的。媒体对自动驾驶汽车的负面报道会影响公众信任和安全感[33]。此外,人们对问题的态度和评价会受到大众传媒的影响[34]
为了了解消费者的购买意愿,学者们普遍利用技术接受模型研究产品的有用性和便利性[24-26]。最近,还有一些研究致力于分析消费者的心理状态(自我效能,主观规范[24])。消费者的心理状态方面虽然取得了部分重要的研究成果,但不可否认的是人们日常生活中接触最多、连接最紧密的媒体渠道同样很重要。因此,尽管研究已证实媒体环境与自动驾驶汽车采用意愿之间存在间接关系[7,27,32]。然而,现有的研究中,缺少媒体环境与自动驾驶汽车购买意愿之间的直接证据。依据Bandura[28]的社会认知理论,环境与行为是相辅相成的,环境可以引发人们的行为后果,行为亦能塑造环境,这便是著名的“交互决定论”。在此基础上,通过实证研究尝试寻找证据,以确定与人类生活息息相关的媒体环境是否与自动驾驶汽车购买意愿存在直接关联。
依据媒体的信息传播路径,覆盖方式的不同可以被分类为传统媒体、大众媒体、社交媒体和电子口碑。通过电影、广播、录音音乐、互联网、博客或电视等方式,以书面、广播或口头方式覆盖大量观众并传递信息的是大众媒体[35-36]。社交媒体则是基于互联网Web 2.0运营的、与互动相关联的媒体形式[37-39]。电子口碑指的是互联网中与消费相关信息的讨论、沟通和分享[40]。传统媒体和新兴社交媒体的营销对于企业至关重要[41]。口碑在消费者行为中的重要性是显而易见的[42-43]。Dichter[44]将其称为非正式的沟通形式。随着互联网的普及,出现了电子口碑[45]。与此同时,研究者们指出,与传统口碑相比,电子口碑更为有效[46]。Komthong等[47]更是建议将电子口碑作为主要营销工具。电子口碑的可信度决定了人们是否会采纳新技术[36]。许多学者讨论了电子口碑对消费者购买意图的影响[48-50]。Alnoor等[51]将正面和负面评论整合起来,并将混淆概念引入电子商务领域,扩展了电子口碑的概念。正面的电子口碑(评论质量、价值和一致性) 影响着消费者采用移动银行的意图[52]。口碑和大众传媒都是重要的预测因素,对旅行意图产生积极影响[53]。许多研究表明,电子口碑对旅行意图[54]和购买意图产生积极影响[55-59]。社交媒体是影响消费者购买决策的重要因素[60]。Gharaibeh及Arshad[61]研究发现,大众传媒对消费者的移动银行使用意图产生积极影响。并且,大众传媒、社交媒体和电子口碑都具有调节作用[62-64]。基于此,提出以下假设。
H1: 大众媒体对自动驾驶汽车的购买意愿具有正向影响;
H2: 社交媒体对自动驾驶汽车的购买意愿具有正向影响;
H3: 电子口碑对自动驾驶汽车的购买意愿具有正向影响。
“调节中介”这一术语由James和Brett[65]引入。调节变量的运用在心理学研究中有着悠久的历史,普遍用于ANOVA(方差分析),即交互作用[66]。调节效应是指一个变量如何影响另一个变量对某一结果的影响方式。这意味着第二个变量会改变第一个变量对结果的影响程度或方向[67]。举例来说,性别可以调节性格和学习表现之间关系,具体表现在,与女学生相比,情绪稳定性对男学生的学业成绩有积极影响[68]。与自动驾驶汽车领域相关的性别调节检验中,Barrett等[69]表示性别是预测自我调节驾驶能力的重要因素之一。男性受访者比女性受访者更有可能表达对自动驾驶汽车积极的看法[70]。Högye-Nagy等[30]的研究工作则证实了男性和女性在使用自动驾驶汽车的意愿和态度方面存在显著差异,男性使用自动驾驶汽车的意愿比女性更高。亦有研究表明,作为控制变量的性别对自动驾驶叫车服务意愿无显著影响[71]。同时,性别对自动驾驶汽车的使用意愿无显著调节效应[72]。基于此,有理由可以推断可能存在性别差异,进而影响媒体环境和自动驾驶汽车购买意愿的关系。
H4:性别在大众媒体与购买意愿的路径中具有调节作用;
H5:性别在社交媒体与购买意愿的路径中具有调节作用;
H6:性别在电子口碑与购买意愿的路径中具有调节作用。
基于社会认知理论,提出以下研究模型,如图1所示。
运用结构化问卷,以系统地收集和探讨个体态度及其报告的意向,借助问卷调查的优势,广泛搜集消费者观点并提供定量数据支持。研究的主体为消费者,他们对于验证研究假设具有关键性作用。此项研究采用定量方法,使用结构化问卷,系统地收集来自中国各地、不同年龄及教育背景居民的数据。问卷中的各项指标均采用李克特量表进行评估,这一做法使得对消费者的态度和感知进行量化分析成为可能。通过这种方式,研究能够更精确地捕捉和解析消费者行为模式,进而深入理解其行为动机及变化趋势。
为了确保研究的准确性和相关性,研究人员在已有研究基础上精心构建了一个理论模型,并根据之前的研究发现与现有知识的差距设计了一份问卷。问卷测量项目见表1,共包含22个题项,其中9个题项涉及人口统计特征,另外13个题项则包含4个主要变量,这些变量采用李克特7分量表进行评分,评分标准为1分代表“非常不同意”,7分代表“非常同意”,分值越高表示认同程度越高。在这13个评分量表中,关于大众媒体和社交媒体的使用,研究借鉴了Du等[27]和Zhu等[7]的成熟评分量表。考虑到电子口碑与自动驾驶汽车的特性,相应的量表参照了Zayed等[73]、Yayl和Bayram[74]以及Goyette等[75]的研究进行了适当的调整。关于购买意愿的量表,则是在Du等[27]和Zhu等[7]的基础上进行了必要的措辞修改,以更精准地反映消费者的意向和行为。
研究利用专业的在线问卷平台Credamo开展了为期30 d的数据收集工作,时间从2024年1月27日开始至2024年2月25日结束。在此期间,共收集到467份问卷,其中有效问卷为350份,有效率达到74.9%。表2显示,参与本次调研的样本主要来自北京、上海以及广东省,所有受访者均为居住在中国境内,年龄在18岁以上的中国公民。在性别分布上,女性受访者占62%(217人)。年龄结构方面,78.9%的受访者属于年轻一代(18~34岁,共276人)。就教育背景而言,63.4%的受访者拥有四年制本科学位。职业分布显示,公司职员占总样本的50.3%(176人),而年收入在RMB 150 000及以上的受访者仅占23.2%。受访者主要居住在广东省,占比高达78.0%(273人)。关于自动驾驶汽车的使用经验,有43.7%(153人)的受访者表示曾经驾驶或搭乘过自动驾驶汽车。在日常出行方式选择上,使用燃油车的与使用新能源汽车的受访者比例相当,分别为44.6%和50.3%。此外,有50.3%(176人)的受访者曾经历过与机动车或非机动车相关的交通事故。
相关系数的数值是确定变量之间关系和强弱的依据。根据Cohen[76]给出的评价标准,当数值介于0.1~0.29是弱相关,0.30~0.49是中等相关,0.5~1.0是强相关。当数值呈现为负数时,表示为负相关关系,相反,则是正相关关系。表3是研究结构之间的平均值、标准差、可靠性和相关性。从中可以确定,大众媒体与购买意愿为正向弱相关(r=0.212<0.3),社交媒体与购买意愿为正向中等相关(r=0.414<0.3),电子口碑与购买意愿不存在相关。最后,性别与社交媒体存在负向弱相关关系(r=-0.140<0.3)。
Cronbach's α系数的大小取决于问卷内部一致性,一致性越高,则数值越大。通常而言,Cronbach's α>0.7时认为是可靠的[77]. 研究所使用的22个题项Cronbach's Alpha=0.750>0.7,处于标准评价范围内。此外,使用了KMO(Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin) 测量法来评估数据是否适合因子分析。当KMO值接近1时,变量间的相关性更高,数据集更适合进行因子分析[78]。使用统计软件SPSS 26.0得到了0.813的高值,表明变量间存在显著的相关性,适合进行因子分析。
巴特利特球形度检验的结果也具有统计学意义,其P值为0.000。这一检验验证了测量变量的相关矩阵不是单位矩阵(变量不是独立的),确认了变量之间是相互关联的。通过分析进行了因子提取,结果显示所有因子的提取值均大于0.5。此外,通过主成分分析方法进行了因子旋转,经过5次迭代后收敛。共提取了4个特征值超过1的因子, 累积解释了72.207%的方差。这些结果表明,分析数据中的主要成分相当一大部分得到了解释,凸显了因子分析在识别数据关键维度方面的有效性。
鉴于多元回归分析进行数据检验时能够有效地处理包含多个预测变量(自变量)对一个或多个结果变量(因变量)的影响,可以帮助研究者理解不同自变量在控制其他变量的情况下对因变量的独立影响。并且通过包括多个相关自变量,多元回归可以控制潜在的混杂变量,从而减少误差并提高估计的准确性[78]。因此,研究使用SPSS 26.0的多元回归分析对自变量(大众媒体,社交媒体,电子口碑)与自动驾驶汽车购买意愿之间的关系进行检验[79]表4是依据多元回归分析的假设检验结果,社交媒体对购买意愿具有正向影响(t=7.374,P=0.000<0.001)。大众媒体(t=1.169,P=0.243>0.05)和电子口碑(t=-0.017,P=0.981>0.05)对自动驾驶汽车购买意愿无显著影响。
通过VIF(方差膨胀因子)可以确定回归系数的方差,以判断模型是否存在多重共线性[80]。理想的VIF值应小于10[81]。结果显示VIF均小于10,远低于评价标准范围内,因此不存在多重共线性问题。杜宾-瓦特森(Durbin-Watson)检验的标准评价范围值为1.5~2.5,评价数值接近2时被认为是最优的,因为可以表明它们之间不存在显著的自相关[82]表4显示, 杜宾-瓦特森的值为 1.820,接近2,可以认为是理想的。由于社会科学研究模型的目标是确定预测变量对因变量是否显著,当部分或大部分预测变量对自变量具有统计学意义时,那么0.1(10%)的低R2是可以被接受的[83]。已确定社交媒体对自动驾驶汽车的购买经验具有正向影响。因此R2=0.175是可接受的。
使用回归分析对性别(类别变量)进行调节作用检验,得到如下回归方程式。
男性:Y=3.145+0.342X,Y=2.326+0.544X,Y=4.599+0.103X;
女性:Y=3.429+0.269X,Y=3.413+0.323X,Y=5.036+-0.012X
比较两个回归系数是否存在显著差异,计算Fisher-Z[84-85]。Fisher-Z的95%的置信区间为+/-1.96[86],当数值大于 +/-1.96,则为在 0.05 水平上显著。表5显示,社交媒体的Fisher-Z=2.259>1.96,证实性别存在显著差异。
利用上述回归方程式,绘制性别回归方程式图形。如图2所示,女性的斜率低于男性的斜率,即对男性的影响大于女性。换言之,随着社交媒体对自动驾驶汽车相关信息的正面积极的报道、传播的增加,男性对自动驾驶汽车的购买意愿便越高。
表6总结了研究假设和结果。结果表明,大众媒体(β=0.062, P=0.243>0.05)和电子口碑(β=-0.001, P=0.987>0.05)对自动驾驶汽车的购买意愿没有显著的统计学意义,因此不支持假设H1和假设H3。另一方面,研究结果支持了假设H2,即社交媒体对自动驾驶汽车的购买意愿具有正向影响(β=0.390, P=0.000<0.05)。在性别的调节检验方面,假设H4和假设H6被拒绝,表明性别对大众媒体(Z=0.468<1.96, P>0.05)和电子口碑(Z=0.909<1.96, P>0.05)与购买意愿之间的路径没有显著影响。最后,研究结果支持了假设H5,该假设预测性别在社交媒体与购买意愿之间的路径中具有调节作用(Z=2.259>1.96, P<0.05)。
研究旨在探讨大众媒体、电子口碑和社交媒体对自动驾驶汽车购买意愿的直接影响,并考察性别在其中的调节作用。一项重要的理论贡献是评估外部环境(大众媒体,社交媒体和电子口碑)对自动驾驶汽车购买意愿的直接影响,确定了不同的媒体环境对自动驾驶汽车购买意愿的影响作用及性别的调节作用。根据实证结果,得出以下主要结论。
(1)大众媒体和电子口碑对自动驾驶汽车的购买意愿没有显著的统计学影响。尽管大众媒体和电子口碑是重要的前测因素[53],但在自动驾驶汽车领域的中无显著的作用。一是因为出于对自动驾驶技术成熟度和安全性的疑虑。尽管大众媒体和电子口碑在推广新技术和产品方面通常发挥重要作用,但对于自动驾驶汽车这样的高科技产品,消费者可能更加关注其技术成熟度和安全性。如果公众对自动驾驶技术的安全性和可靠性持怀疑态度,那么即便媒体的评价较为积极,也不足以改变消费者的购买决定。二是消费者经验不足,自动驾驶汽车作为一个新兴技术,许多消费者还没有直接的体验机会。这种缺乏亲身体验使得消费者对通过媒体传达的信息感到不确定或不信任,因此媒体的影响力受到限制。为扭转这一局面,可通过驾驶体验,乘坐体验等体验感知入手,已有研究表明驾驶体验影响着消费者对自动驾驶汽车的接受度[87],体验自动驾驶汽车后的感知提升将促使消费者购买并使用自动驾驶汽车[88]
(2)社交媒体对自动驾驶汽车的购买意愿具有显著的正向影响。这一研究结果与Sangwan等[60]报告的一致。这表明社交媒体上的积极信息和评论会提高消费者对自动驾驶汽车购买意愿。社交媒体能够迅速传播信息,覆盖广泛的受众。这使得自动驾驶汽车的技术进展、优点以及用户体验等信息能迅速达到潜在买家,增强其对产品的认识和兴趣。并且社交媒体上用户的分享、评论和推荐可以作为一种社会证明,当看到其他人的正面体验和评价时,消费者对自动驾驶汽车的信任感和接受度会增加。这种来自“类似人群”的认可有效地影响潜在消费者的购买决策。根据这一结果,自动驾驶汽车制造商、销售商、政府等相关部门应利用社交媒体平台的互动特性,增强与消费者的互动,尤其是通过技术讨论、实时问答和用户评价等方式来提升消费者的参与度。同时,创新社交媒体内容,以适应不同性别用户的偏好和需求。
(3)性别在社交媒体与购买意愿之间的路径中具有显著的调节作用。这意味着在社交媒体上,男性和女性对自动驾驶汽车的购买意愿做出不同的反应。男性对自动驾驶汽车的购买意愿高于女性[89]。然而,性别在大众媒体和电子口碑之间的路径中并未表现出显著的调节作用。这一结果表明,在社交媒体环境中,相比女性,男性可能对新技术特别是像自动驾驶汽车这样的高科技产品更感兴趣。这种兴趣和好奇心驱使他们更积极地获取相关信息,并通过社交媒体进行探索和讨论。并且男性可能更倾向于通过技术产品来表达自我和获得同辈认可。即,社交媒体上的正面评论和推荐可加强男性用户对自动驾驶汽车的好感,从而增强购买意愿。基于此自动驾驶汽车制造商和销售商可以针对性地通过社交媒体平台来推广其产品,尤其是加大对男性用户的营销力度。通过发布针对性的内容,如技术创新、安全性能展示及用户体验分享等,可以更有效地吸引潜在买家,提高转化率。鉴于男性在社交媒体影响路径中显示出更强的购买意愿,自动驾驶汽车相关企业及政府应考虑设计更为男性化的营销策略,如强调技术性能、创新设计等方面,以此来吸引并扩大男性消费者基础。
与过去的研究不同,本文以环境因素(大众媒体、社交媒体和电子口碑)对自动驾驶汽车购买意愿进行深入分析,发现了社交媒体对购买意愿的正向影响,并进一步探讨了性别在这一影响过程中的调节作用。这为理解不同性别消费者在社交媒体信息传播中的差异性提供了新的见解和证据。综上所述,尽管大众媒体和电子口碑在自动驾驶汽车市场推广中的作用有限,但社交媒体对消费者购买意愿的积极影响以及性别在这一过程中的调节作用为自动驾驶汽车的发展和可持续性提供了重要的启示。未来的研究可以进一步探索其他因素对自动驾驶汽车市场推广的影响,并深入研究性别在社交媒体影响下的消费者行为特征,以更好地提供指导和参考。
研究主要的限制是变量的单一性,研究模型预测变量仅为媒体环境,未包含其他预测变量,调查中使用的测量工具可能存在一定的主观性和偏差。例如,对于电子口碑和社交媒体的测量可能会受到个体主观意见和情绪的影响。虽然研究覆盖了来自不同城市、不同年龄和教育背景的居民,但样本仍主要限于中国市场。不同国家和地区的文化、经济发展水平和社交媒体使用习惯的差异可能导致结果无法广泛推广到全球其他地区。
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2025年第25卷第9期
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  • 接收时间:2024-09-29
  • 首发时间:2025-07-18
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    广州工商学院商学院, 广州 510800
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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种数
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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