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Article(id=1152977384736285364, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, issueId=1152551050662785728, articleNumber=1671-1807(2025)09-0062-08, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1730908800000, receivedDateStr=2024-11-07, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752820829764, onlineDateStr=2025-07-18, pubDate=1746806400000, pubDateStr=2025-05-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752820829764, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752820829764, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752820829764, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1152551050662785728, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, year='2025', volume='25', issue='9', pageStart='1', pageEnd='371', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1752719183840, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753063306760, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1153994406857269276, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, issueId=1152551050662785728, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1153994406857269277, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, issueId=1152551050662785728, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=62, endPage=69, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1152977385575146183, articleId=1152977384736285364, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, language=EN, title=Mechanical Properties of Epoxy Adhesives for Steel Bridge Deck Pavement: Taking Epoxy Binder Used in Yangjiang Port Bridge as an Example, columnId=1151876674645226399, journalTitle=Science Technology and Industry, columnName=Technology Innovation, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to study the mechanical properties of Changxin epoxy binder used in Yangjiang Port Bridge, its performance under tensile strength, tensile strength, shear strength and other conditions were evaluated through a series of experimental and theoretical analyses. The research includes the preparation process of binder, mechanical property testing, failure analysis and performance comparison with Japan TAF epoxy binder. The results show that Changxin epoxy binder exhibits excellent mechanical properties and stability in steel bridge deck pavement, which provides a strong guarantee for the long-term use of Yangjiang Port Bridge.

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为研究阳江港大桥所使用的长新环氧黏结剂的力学性能,通过一系列实验和理论分析,评估其在拉伸强度、拉拔强度、抗剪强度等条件下的表现。研究内容包括黏结剂的制备工艺、力学性能测试、破坏分析以及其与日本TAF环氧黏结剂的性能对比。结果表明,长新环氧黏结剂在钢桥面铺装中表现出优异的力学性能和稳定性,为阳江港大桥的长期使用提供了有力保障。

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俞雄文(1992—),男,湖南常德人,中级工程师,研究方向为路基与路面;

胡美娟(1983—),女,广东广州人,硕士,中级工程师,研究方向为路基与路面;

肖玉荣(1987—),男,江西新干人,硕士,高级工程师,研究方向为路基与路面;

刘正祥(1991—),男,四川成都人,硕士,高级工程师,研究方向为路基桥梁;

葛世超(1991—),男,湖南长沙人,硕士,中级工程师,研究方向为桥梁与隧道;

刘嘉俊(1995—),男,广东清远人,硕士,助理工程师,研究方向为路基与路面。

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俞雄文(1992—),男,湖南常德人,中级工程师,研究方向为路基与路面;

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俞雄文(1992—),男,湖南常德人,中级工程师,研究方向为路基与路面;

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胡美娟(1983—),女,广东广州人,硕士,中级工程师,研究方向为路基与路面;

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胡美娟(1983—),女,广东广州人,硕士,中级工程师,研究方向为路基与路面;

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肖玉荣(1987—),男,江西新干人,硕士,高级工程师,研究方向为路基与路面;

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肖玉荣(1987—),男,江西新干人,硕士,高级工程师,研究方向为路基与路面;

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刘正祥(1991—),男,四川成都人,硕士,高级工程师,研究方向为路基桥梁;

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刘正祥(1991—),男,四川成都人,硕士,高级工程师,研究方向为路基桥梁;

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葛世超(1991—),男,湖南长沙人,硕士,中级工程师,研究方向为桥梁与隧道;

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葛世超(1991—),男,湖南长沙人,硕士,中级工程师,研究方向为桥梁与隧道;

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刘嘉俊(1995—),男,广东清远人,硕士,助理工程师,研究方向为路基与路面。

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刘嘉俊(1995—),男,广东清远人,硕士,助理工程师,研究方向为路基与路面。

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试验项目 技术要求 试验结果 试验方法
长新环氧 TAF环氧
黏度(23 ℃)/cP 1 000~5 000 4 850 2 860 ASTM D445
环氧当量 170~200 185 187 ASTM D1652
闪点/℃ ≥130 156 154 ASTM D92
比重(23 ℃) 1.1~1.3 1.140 1.140 ASTM D1475
外观 微黄色透
明液体		 微黄色透
明液体		 微黄色透
明液体		 目测
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环氧树脂黏结剂主剂技术指标

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试验项目 技术要求 试验结果 试验方法
长新环氧 TAF环氧
黏度(23 ℃)/cP 1 000~5 000 4 850 2 860 ASTM D445
环氧当量 170~200 185 187 ASTM D1652
闪点/℃ ≥130 156 154 ASTM D92
比重(23 ℃) 1.1~1.3 1.140 1.140 ASTM D1475
外观 微黄色透
明液体		 微黄色透
明液体		 微黄色透
明液体		 目测
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试验项目 技术要求 试验结果 试验方法
长新环氧 TAF环氧
黏度(23 ℃)/cP 500~1 100 582 593 ASTM D445
胺值/
(mg KOH·g-1)		 130~170 141 142 ASTM D1652
闪点/℃ ≥145 162 163 ASTM D92
比重(23 ℃) 0.8~1.0 0.888 0.891 ASTM D1475
外观 淡褐色液体 淡褐色液体 淡褐色液体 目测
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环氧树脂黏结剂固化剂技术指标

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试验项目 技术要求 试验结果 试验方法
长新环氧 TAF环氧
黏度(23 ℃)/cP 500~1 100 582 593 ASTM D445
胺值/
(mg KOH·g-1)		 130~170 141 142 ASTM D1652
闪点/℃ ≥145 162 163 ASTM D92
比重(23 ℃) 0.8~1.0 0.888 0.891 ASTM D1475
外观 淡褐色液体 淡褐色液体 淡褐色液体 目测
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试验项目 技术要求 试验结果 比值
(长新∶TAF)/%
长新环氧 TAF环氧
拉伸强度
(23 ℃)/MPa		 ≥3.0 8.6 4.8 179.2
断裂延伸率
(23 ℃)/%		 ≥100 394 292 137.9
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环氧树脂黏结剂混合固化后的性能指标

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试验项目 技术要求 试验结果 比值
(长新∶TAF)/%
长新环氧 TAF环氧
拉伸强度
(23 ℃)/MPa		 ≥3.0 8.6 4.8 179.2
断裂延伸率
(23 ℃)/%		 ≥100 394 292 137.9
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试验温
度/℃		 黏结剂
用量/
(kg·m-2)		 试验类型 拉拔强
度/MPa		 比值
(长新∶TAF)/%
23 0.6 钢板+EA-10(长新环氧黏结剂) 4.42 88.9
钢板+EA-10(TAF环氧黏结剂) 4.97
EA-10+EA-10(长新环氧黏结剂) 5.66 130.7
EA-10+EA-10(TAF环氧黏结剂) 4.33
0.8 钢板+EA-10(长新环氧黏结剂) 5.73 96.5
钢板+EA-10(TAF环氧黏结剂) 5.94
EA-10+EA-10(长新环氧黏结剂) 5.63 119.3
EA-10+EA-10(TAF环氧黏结剂) 4.72
60 0.6 钢板+EA-10(长新环氧黏结剂) 1.03 84.4
钢板+EA-10(TAF环氧黏结剂) 1.22
EA-10+EA-10(长新环氧黏结剂) 1.55 155.0
EA-10+EA-10(TAF环氧黏结剂) 1.00
0.8 钢板+EA-10(长新环氧黏结剂) 1.62 103.2
钢板+EA-10(TAF环氧黏结剂) 1.57
EA-10+EA-10(长新环氧黏结剂) 1.59 134.7
EA-10+EA-10(TAF环氧黏结剂) 1.18
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层间拉拔数据统计

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试验温
度/℃		 黏结剂
用量/
(kg·m-2)		 试验类型 拉拔强
度/MPa		 比值
(长新∶TAF)/%
23 0.6 钢板+EA-10(长新环氧黏结剂) 4.42 88.9
钢板+EA-10(TAF环氧黏结剂) 4.97
EA-10+EA-10(长新环氧黏结剂) 5.66 130.7
EA-10+EA-10(TAF环氧黏结剂) 4.33
0.8 钢板+EA-10(长新环氧黏结剂) 5.73 96.5
钢板+EA-10(TAF环氧黏结剂) 5.94
EA-10+EA-10(长新环氧黏结剂) 5.63 119.3
EA-10+EA-10(TAF环氧黏结剂) 4.72
60 0.6 钢板+EA-10(长新环氧黏结剂) 1.03 84.4
钢板+EA-10(TAF环氧黏结剂) 1.22
EA-10+EA-10(长新环氧黏结剂) 1.55 155.0
EA-10+EA-10(TAF环氧黏结剂) 1.00
0.8 钢板+EA-10(长新环氧黏结剂) 1.62 103.2
钢板+EA-10(TAF环氧黏结剂) 1.57
EA-10+EA-10(长新环氧黏结剂) 1.59 134.7
EA-10+EA-10(TAF环氧黏结剂) 1.18
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试验温
度/℃		 黏结剂
用量/
(kg·m-2)		 试验类型 剪切强
度/MPa		 比值
(长新∶TAF)/%
23 0.6 钢板+EA-10(长新环氧黏结剂) 7.92 188.1
钢板+EA-10(TAF环氧黏结剂) 4.21
EA-10+EA-10(长新环氧黏结剂) 8.82 150.3
EA-10+EA-10(TAF环氧黏结剂) 5.87
0.8 钢板+EA-10(长新环氧黏结剂) 9.13 205.2
钢板+EA-10(TAF环氧黏结剂) 4.45
EA-10+EA-10(长新环氧黏结剂) 10.57 175.6
EA-10+EA-10(TAF环氧黏结剂) 6.02
60 0.6 钢板+EA-10(长新环氧黏结剂) 1.22 176.8
钢板+EA-10(TAF环氧黏结剂) 0.69
EA-10+EA-10(长新环氧黏结剂) 3.11 261.3
EA-10+EA-10(TAF环氧黏结剂) 1.19
0.8 钢板+EA-10(长新环氧黏结剂) 2.06 267.5
钢板+EA-10(TAF环氧黏结剂) 0.77
EA-10+EA-10(长新环氧黏结剂) 3.42 285.0
EA-10+EA-10(TAF环氧黏结剂) 1.20
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层间剪切数据统计

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试验温
度/℃		 黏结剂
用量/
(kg·m-2)		 试验类型 剪切强
度/MPa		 比值
(长新∶TAF)/%
23 0.6 钢板+EA-10(长新环氧黏结剂) 7.92 188.1
钢板+EA-10(TAF环氧黏结剂) 4.21
EA-10+EA-10(长新环氧黏结剂) 8.82 150.3
EA-10+EA-10(TAF环氧黏结剂) 5.87
0.8 钢板+EA-10(长新环氧黏结剂) 9.13 205.2
钢板+EA-10(TAF环氧黏结剂) 4.45
EA-10+EA-10(长新环氧黏结剂) 10.57 175.6
EA-10+EA-10(TAF环氧黏结剂) 6.02
60 0.6 钢板+EA-10(长新环氧黏结剂) 1.22 176.8
钢板+EA-10(TAF环氧黏结剂) 0.69
EA-10+EA-10(长新环氧黏结剂) 3.11 261.3
EA-10+EA-10(TAF环氧黏结剂) 1.19
0.8 钢板+EA-10(长新环氧黏结剂) 2.06 267.5
钢板+EA-10(TAF环氧黏结剂) 0.77
EA-10+EA-10(长新环氧黏结剂) 3.42 285.0
EA-10+EA-10(TAF环氧黏结剂) 1.20
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钢桥面铺装用环氧黏结剂力学性能——以阳江港大桥铺装用环氧黏结剂为例
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俞雄文 1 , 胡美娟 2 , 肖玉荣 1 , 刘正祥 1 , 葛世超 1 , 刘嘉俊 2
科技和产业 | 科技创新 2025,25(9): 62-69
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科技和产业 | 科技创新 2025, 25(9): 62-69
钢桥面铺装用环氧黏结剂力学性能——以阳江港大桥铺装用环氧黏结剂为例
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俞雄文1, 胡美娟2, 肖玉荣1, 刘正祥1, 葛世超1, 刘嘉俊2
作者信息
  • 1 保利长大工程有限公司, 广州 510620
  • 2 广州肖宁道路工程技术研究事务所有限公司, 广州 510640

    • 俞雄文(1992—),男,湖南常德人,中级工程师,研究方向为路基与路面;

    胡美娟(1983—),女,广东广州人,硕士,中级工程师,研究方向为路基与路面;

    肖玉荣(1987—),男,江西新干人,硕士,高级工程师,研究方向为路基与路面;

    刘正祥(1991—),男,四川成都人,硕士,高级工程师,研究方向为路基桥梁;

    葛世超(1991—),男,湖南长沙人,硕士,中级工程师,研究方向为桥梁与隧道;

    刘嘉俊(1995—),男,广东清远人,硕士,助理工程师,研究方向为路基与路面。

Mechanical Properties of Epoxy Adhesives for Steel Bridge Deck Pavement: Taking Epoxy Binder Used in Yangjiang Port Bridge as an Example
Xiongwen YU1, Meijuan HU2, Yurong XIAO1, Zhengxiang LIU1, Shichao GE1, Jiajun LIU2
Affiliations
  • 1 Baoli Changda Engineering Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510620, China
  • 2 Xiaoning Institute of Roadway Engineering, Guangzhou 510640, China
出版时间: 2025-05-10
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摘要
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为研究阳江港大桥所使用的长新环氧黏结剂的力学性能,通过一系列实验和理论分析,评估其在拉伸强度、拉拔强度、抗剪强度等条件下的表现。研究内容包括黏结剂的制备工艺、力学性能测试、破坏分析以及其与日本TAF环氧黏结剂的性能对比。结果表明,长新环氧黏结剂在钢桥面铺装中表现出优异的力学性能和稳定性,为阳江港大桥的长期使用提供了有力保障。

环氧黏结剂  /  力学性能  /  拉伸强度  /  拉拔强度  /  抗剪强度

In order to study the mechanical properties of Changxin epoxy binder used in Yangjiang Port Bridge, its performance under tensile strength, tensile strength, shear strength and other conditions were evaluated through a series of experimental and theoretical analyses. The research includes the preparation process of binder, mechanical property testing, failure analysis and performance comparison with Japan TAF epoxy binder. The results show that Changxin epoxy binder exhibits excellent mechanical properties and stability in steel bridge deck pavement, which provides a strong guarantee for the long-term use of Yangjiang Port Bridge.

epoxy adhesives  /  mechanical properties  /  tensile strength  /  pull-out strength  /  shear strength
俞雄文, 胡美娟, 肖玉荣, 刘正祥, 葛世超, 刘嘉俊. 钢桥面铺装用环氧黏结剂力学性能——以阳江港大桥铺装用环氧黏结剂为例. 科技和产业, 2025 , 25 (9) : 62 -69 .
Xiongwen YU, Meijuan HU, Yurong XIAO, Zhengxiang LIU, Shichao GE, Jiajun LIU. Mechanical Properties of Epoxy Adhesives for Steel Bridge Deck Pavement: Taking Epoxy Binder Used in Yangjiang Port Bridge as an Example[J]. Science Technology and Industry, 2025 , 25 (9) : 62 -69 .
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环氧黏结剂作为一类性能优良、应用广泛的胶粘剂,其力学性能主要包括拉伸强度、剪切强度、剥离强度、弯曲强度等。将环氧沥青混合料作为路面面层,是实现路面耐久性的一种可行方式,而环氧黏结剂的性能至关重要[1]。这些性能直接决定了黏结剂在实际工程应用中的可靠性和耐久性。在铺装结构当中,位于铺装层与钢桥面板之间的防水黏结层扮演着至关重要的角色[2]。防水黏结层的作用是紧密连接铺装层和钢桥面板,保证各结构的协同效果[3];与此同时,利用自身良好的密水性防止桥面积水下渗,保护钢桥面板免受侵蚀。阳江港大桥作为重要的交通要道,其桥面铺装材料的选择对于确保桥梁的安全性和耐久性至关重要。长新环氧黏结剂作为一种高性能的桥面铺装黏结材料,被应用于阳江港大桥桥面铺装工程中,在铺装上下层间、铺装层与桥面板间使用环氧树脂作为黏结层。为了全面了解长新环氧黏结剂在阳江港大桥的实际应用效果,本文依据阳江港特大桥钢桥面铺装设计文件开展两种环氧黏结剂力学性能的对比研究,对于材料选择、材料优化、提高工程质量具有重要意义。
1 原材料
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1.1 环氧黏结剂的分子结构特点
环氧黏结剂的分子结构中含有环氧(也称为环氧化物)基团(图1、图2)。大多数环氧黏结剂在其分子链的两端含有两个环氧基团,也有含有两个以上环氧官能团的黏结剂。环氧树脂分子链中固有的极性羟基和醚键的存在,使其对各种物质具有很高的黏附力[2]。环氧树脂和所用的固化剂的反应是通过直接加成反应或树脂分子中环氧基的开环聚合反应来进行的,没有水或其他挥发性副产物放出[3]。它们和不饱和聚酯树脂、酚醛树脂相比,在固化过程中显示出很低的收缩性。环氧树脂胶粘剂的结构中含有苯环和杂环,这些结构决定了环氧树脂胶粘剂具有优异的性能。环氧树脂大分子末端有环氧基,链间有羟基和醚键,并在固化过程中还会继续产生羟基和醚键。
根据分子结构,环氧树脂大体上可分为5大类,包括缩水甘油胺类环氧树脂、线型脂肪族类环氧树脂、脂环族类环氧树脂等[4]。某些环氧树脂如AEOR(聚醚胺环氧树脂)具有线性大分子结构,由脂肪族链组成,不含苯环、环己烷环或杂环。这种结构结合了聚丁二烯橡胶和环氧共聚物的特点,从而增强了其抗冲击性和黏接性能[5]。这些分子结构特点共同赋予环氧黏结剂优异的黏接性能、力学性能、电性能、化学稳定性、尺寸稳定性以及耐霉菌等特性。
1.2 环氧黏结剂的固化
环氧树脂中的环氧基团(C—O—C)是固化过程中的关键活性基团。这些基团可以与固化剂发生化学反应,形成三维网络结构[6]。环氧树脂的固化剂通常包括胺类、酸酐等。伯胺和仲胺含有活泼的氢原子,很容易与环氧基发生亲核加成反应,使环氧树脂交联固化[7]。固化过程可以分为3个阶段:①伯胺与环氧树脂反应,生成带仲胺基的大分子;②仲胺基再与另外的环氧基反应,生成含叔胺基的更大分子;③剩余的胺基、羟基与环氧基发生反应。
酸酐在环氧树脂的羟基、微量水和含羟基化合物的作用下开环,生成的羧基与环氧基加成得到酯基,酯化反应生成的羟基和环氧树脂的羟基在高温时催化环氧开环发生醚化反应,这样,开环一酯化一醚化不断反复进行,直至环氧树脂交联固化。咪唑类固化剂分子含有一个仲胺基和一个叔胺基,对环氧树脂的固化可分为两步进行,首先是仲胺上的活泼氢同环氧基加成,然后是叔胺催化环氧树脂的均聚反应。环氧树脂的固化过程涉及从液态到固态的转变,最终形成稳定的三维网络结构,这个结构决定了环氧树脂的最终性能,如机械强度、耐化学性和热稳定性。
1.3 环氧黏结剂的性能参数
工程上应用的环氧树脂种类较多,日本进口TAF环氧树脂黏结剂在钢桥面铺装工程领域应用广泛,由主剂A和固化剂B组成,两组分需按1∶1的质量比混合搅拌使用,如图3所示。阳江港大桥所用保利长大的长新环氧黏结剂同样由主剂A和固化剂B组成,两组分需按1∶0.8的质量比混合搅拌使用。两种环氧树脂主剂、固化剂技术指标见表1、表2。
2 拉伸试验
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2.1 试验方法
环氧树脂黏结剂的拉伸强度和断裂延伸率是衡量其力学性能的重要指标,通过拉伸强度和断裂延伸率可以反映出环氧树脂黏结剂界面黏结强度[8]。拉伸强度反映了材料在受到拉伸力作用下的最大承受能力,而断裂延伸率则描述了材料在断裂前能够伸长的最大长度比例,这两个参数对于评估环氧树脂黏结剂在实际应用中的可靠性和耐用性至关重要。环氧树脂胶粘剂的拉伸强度可以通过标准测试方法《硫化橡胶或热塑性橡胶 拉伸应力应变性能的测定》(GB/T 528—2009)进行测定,而断裂延伸率则是通过观察材料在拉伸过程中的伸长情况来确定的。在实际应用中,为了提高环氧树脂的断裂延伸率,可以通过引入大分子聚醚胺固化剂或柔韧性环氧树脂等方法进行改性[9]。研究显示,通过添加大分子聚醚胺和柔韧性环氧树脂,可以显著提高环氧树脂体系的断裂伸长率,同时保持一定的拉伸强度[10]。在某些改性体系中,当添加适量的柔韧性环氧树脂时,断裂伸长率可达130%,拉伸强度为13.0 MPa,这表明改性后的环氧树脂体系在保持良好黏接性能的同时,也具有较高的柔韧性和抗冲击性能。
本文采用直接拉伸试验评价环氧树脂黏结剂的拉伸强度和断裂延伸率,反映材料抗变形能力。参照GB/T 528—2009试验标准,采用万能试验机进行试验。
环氧树脂黏结剂的拉伸强度计算公式为
$\sigma =\frac{P}{bh}$
式中:$\sigma $为拉伸强度,MPa;P为试件断裂时的最大荷载,N;b为试件宽度,mm;h为试件厚度,mm。
断裂延伸率计算公式为
$S=\frac{L-{L}_{0}}{{L}_{0}}$
式中:S为断裂延伸率,%;L0为试件宽度,mm;L为试件断裂时标线间距离,mm。
2.2 拉伸试验试件制备
把日本环氧树脂黏结剂A组分和B组分按照1∶1质量比混合,长新环氧树脂黏结剂A组分和B组分按照1∶0.8质量比混合,混合温度为室温,机械搅拌3 min,转速为500 r/min,然后浇模成型,室温状态下养生1 d,放入23 ℃烘箱养生4 d后脱模。环氧黏结剂哑铃试件如图4所示。
2.3 拉伸试验
参照GB/T 528—2009试验标准,采用万能试验机进行试验,评价环氧树脂黏结剂的拉伸强度和断裂延伸率。每个试验进行4组平行试验,试验温度为23 ℃,加载速度为500 mm/min。拉伸试验如图5所示。
两种环氧黏结剂混合固化后的性能指标见表3。由表3可知,23 ℃长新环氧黏结剂拉伸强度均值比TAF环氧黏结剂拉伸强度均值高79.2,23 ℃,长新环氧黏结剂断裂延伸率均值比日本TAF环氧黏结剂断裂延伸率均值高约37.9%。
3 拉拔试验对比评价不同铺装层组合的层间黏结性能
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3.1 试验方法
环氧树脂黏结剂的拉拔强度试验是一种用于评估黏结剂与基材之间黏结强度的测试方法[11]。这种测试对于确保结构的完整性和长期性能至关重要,尤其是在桥梁建设、建筑加固和电子元件固定等领域。环氧树脂黏结剂的拉拔强度试验可以通过不同的标准和方法进行。在进行拉拔强度试验时,通常需要使用专门的试验设备。试验步骤包括制备试件、施加拉拔力直至破坏,并记录破坏时的荷载值及破坏形式。试验结果通常以黏结强度(单位面积上的黏结力)来表示。在实际应用中,环氧树脂黏结剂的拉拔强度试验结果可以帮助工程人员选择合适的黏结剂,以确保结构的安全性和耐久性。本文采用的试验方法是通过两个对接圆柱形块的拉拔试验测出。
环氧树脂黏结剂的拉拔强度计算公式为
$\sigma =\frac{P}{A}$
式中:$\sigma $为黏结层的拉拔强度,MPa;A为试样黏结面积,mm2。
成型钢板与两种环氧树脂(长新环氧黏层油与TAF环氧黏层油)沥青混合料复合试件,在23 ℃和60 ℃条件下,测试两种材料(洒布量0.6、0.8 kg/m2)与钢板之间的拉拔强度。
成型两种双层环氧沥青(长新环氧黏层油与TAF环氧黏层油)混凝土复合试件,在23 ℃和60 ℃条件下,测试两种材料(洒布量0.6、0.8 kg/m2)铺装上层和铺装下层之间的拉拔强度。具体试验方案如图6所示。
3.2 拉拔试验试件制备
下面层试件制备,沥青混合料使用EA-10级配(油石比6.3%,环氧沥青的环氧树脂与沥青比例为50∶50)成型下面层铺装,铺装厚度约3 cm,成型后60 ℃烘箱养护4 d。钢板打磨平整后待用。在铺装下层表面涂布长新环氧黏结剂,用量为0.6、0.8 kg/m2,涂布后在室温静置1 d,指干状态后进行上面层的成型。黏结层指干后拌制环氧沥青EA-10级配混合料,使用击实成型设备对其进行成型,试件直径100 mm。成型后的试件放置于60 ℃烘箱4 d。切割、钻芯后进行拉拔试验,试验温度为23、60 ℃,芯样直径为50 mm。试件取芯、双层试件钻芯如图7、图8所示。
3.3 拉拔试验
成型钢板与两种环氧树脂沥青混合料复合试件,在23 ℃和60 ℃条件下,测试两种材料与钢板之间的拉拔强度;分别成型两种双层环氧沥青混凝土复合试件,在23 ℃和60 ℃条件下,测试两种材料与铺装上层和铺装下层之间的拉拔强度。
23 ℃和60 ℃条件下,环氧黏结剂用量采用0.6、0.8 kg/m2,开展钢板+EA-10、EA-10+EA-10层间拉拔试验,拉拔试验如图9所示。
图10显示,23 ℃拉拔试验破坏位置均在上层混合料,拉拔强度均为混合料强度。60 ℃拉拔试验破坏位置大部分在层间位置,拉拔强度基本为黏结层强度。层间拉拔性能统计汇总见表4。
由表4可知,23 ℃使用长新环氧黏结剂铺装拉拔强度均值比日本环氧黏结剂铺装拉拔强度均值高约9%(介于-11.1%~30.7%),60 ℃长新环氧黏结剂铺装拉拔强度均值比日本环氧黏结剂铺装拉拔强度均值高约19%(介于-15.6%~55.0%)。
4 剪切试验对比评价不同铺装层组合的层间黏结性能
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4.1 试验方法
环氧树脂黏结剂的剪切强度试验是评估黏结剂与被黏接材料之间在剪切力作用下黏结效果的一种试验方法[12]。这种试验对于了解材料在实际应用中的性能,如结构黏合、电子元件固定等领域非常重要。剪切强度试验通常涉及将环氧树脂黏结剂应用于两个被黏接材料的接触面,然后在一定的条件下固化,之后通过施加剪切力来测定黏结剂的黏结强度。剪切强度的测试方法和标准可能因国家和行业而异,但一般都会遵循一些通用的原则和步骤。在实际的剪切强度测试中,可能还会涉及金属表面的预处理,如砂纸打磨、喷砂、酸洗和磷化等。这些预处理方法可以改变金属表面形态,从而有效提高界面黏结强度。总的来说,环氧树脂黏结剂的剪切强度试验是一个复杂的过程,需要综合考虑黏结剂的配方、被黏接材料的性质、试验条件以及环境因素等多个方面。不同的黏结剂的配方、材料用量,都会影响路面黏结剂与沥青混合料的层间抗剪性能[13]。通过这些试验,可以确保环氧树脂黏结剂在各种应用中的可靠性和有效性。
环氧树脂黏结剂的剪切强度计算公式为
$\tau =\frac{P}{B{L}_{1}}$
式中:$\tau $为黏结层的拉伸剪切强度,MPa;B为试样搭接面宽度,mm;L1为试样搭接面长度,mm。
成型钢板与两种环氧树脂(长新环氧黏层油与TAF环氧黏层油)沥青混合料复合试件,在23 ℃和60 ℃条件下,测试两种材料(洒布量0.6、0.8 kg/m2)与钢板之间的剪切强度。
成型两种双层环氧沥青(长新环氧粘层油与TAF环氧粘层油)混凝土复合试件,在23 ℃和60 ℃条件下,测试两种材料(洒布量0.6,0.8 kg/m2)铺装上层和铺装下层之间的剪切强度。具体试验方案如图11所示。
4.2 剪切试验试件制备
下面层试件制备,沥青混合料使用EA-10级配(油石比6.3%,环氧沥青的环氧树脂与沥青比例为50∶50)成型下面层铺装,铺装厚度约3 cm,成型后60 ℃烘箱养护4 d。钢板打磨平整后待用。在铺装下层表面涂布长新环氧黏结剂,用量为0.6 kg/m2及0.8 kg/m2,涂布后在室温静置1 d,指干状态后进行上面层的成型。黏结层指干后拌制环氧沥青EA-10级配混合料,使用击实成型设备对其进行成型,试件直径100 mm。成型后的试件放置于60 ℃烘箱4 d。养护结束后,对芯样采用MTS进行剪切试验,试验温度为23、60 ℃,正压力为0.7 MPa。复合试件成型如图12所示。
4.3 剪切试验
成型钢板与两种环氧树脂沥青混合料复合试件, 在23 ℃和60 ℃条件下,测试两种材料与钢板之间的抗剪强度;分别成型两种双层环氧沥青混凝土复合试件,在23 ℃和60 ℃条件下,测试两种材料与铺装上层和铺装下层之间的抗剪强度。
23 ℃条件下,环氧粘层油用量采用0.6、0.8 kg/m2,开展钢板+EA-10、EA-10 + EA-10剪切试验,剪切试验如图13所示。
图14显示,剪切破坏位置均发生在铺装上、下层之间。层间剪切性能统计汇总见表5。
由表5可知,两种不同结构,23 ℃使用长新环氧黏结剂铺装剪切强度均值高于TAF环氧黏结剂铺装剪切强度均值约80%(介于50.3%~105.2%),60 ℃长新环氧黏结剂铺装强度均值高于TAF环氧黏结剂铺装强度均值约148%(介于76.8%~185.0%)。
5 结论
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(1)在23 ℃条件下,长新环氧黏结剂的拉伸强度均值比TAF环氧黏结剂高79.2,这表明长新环氧黏结剂在常温下的力学性能更为优越。同时,长新环氧黏结剂的断裂延伸率均值比TAF环氧黏结剂高约37.9%,这意味着长新环氧黏结剂具有更好的柔韧性和抗断裂能力。
(2)在23 ℃条件下,使用长新环氧黏结剂铺装的拉拔强度均值比TAF环氧黏结剂高约9%,且在60 ℃条件下,这一优势增加到约19%。这显示了长新环氧黏结剂在不同温度条件下都能保持较高的黏结性能,尤其是在高温条件下的性能表现更为突出。
(3)在23 ℃条件下,使用长新环氧黏结剂铺装的剪切强度均值比TAF环氧黏结剂高约80%,而在60 ℃条件下,这一优势更是增加到约148%。这一结果表明长新环氧黏结剂在剪切强度方面具有显著的优势,尤其是在高温环境下。
这些比较结果可能得益于长新环氧黏结剂的配方设计、改性技术或是特定的固化工艺。例如,通过引入大分子聚醚胺固化剂或柔韧性环氧树脂,可以显著提高环氧树脂体系的断裂伸长率和拉伸强度,从而增强黏结剂的整体性能。此外,对于环氧树脂的改性研究也在不断深入,如互穿网络法、化学共聚法等,这些方法都有助于提升环氧树脂黏结剂的性能。
综上所述,长新环氧黏结剂在拉伸强度、断裂延伸率、拉拔强度和剪切强度方面均表现出比TAF环氧黏结剂更优越的性能,尤其是在高温条件下的应用中。这些性能的提升对于确保工程结构的稳定性和耐久性至关重要。
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2025年第25卷第9期
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  • 接收时间：2024-11-07
  • 首发时间：2025-07-18
  • 出版时间：2025-05-10
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  • 收稿日期：2024-11-07
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    1 保利长大工程有限公司, 广州 510620
    2 广州肖宁道路工程技术研究事务所有限公司, 广州 510640
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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