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Article(id=1152977382458773671, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, issueId=1152551050662785728, articleNumber=1671-1807(2025)09-0311-08, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1729180800000, receivedDateStr=2024-10-18, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752820829261, onlineDateStr=2025-07-18, pubDate=1746806400000, pubDateStr=2025-05-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752820829261, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752820829261, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752820829261, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1152551050662785728, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, year='2025', volume='25', issue='9', pageStart='1', pageEnd='371', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1752719183840, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753063306760, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1153994406857269276, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, issueId=1152551050662785728, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1153994406857269277, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, issueId=1152551050662785728, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=311, endPage=318, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1152977383423463616, articleId=1152977382458773671, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, language=EN, title=Knowledge Mapping Analysis of Livelihood Vulnerability Visualization Based on WoS and CNKI, columnId=1151877659430055969, journalTitle=Science Technology and Industry, columnName=Governance & Performance, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Trough mapping the knowledge structure of livelihood vulnerability research, the current landscape was clarified, key research areas was highlighted, evolving trends was traced, and future research directions was proposed, offering valuable insights for advancing this field. Using CiteSpace visualization software, studies on livelihood vulnerability published from 2008 to 2024 in the Web of Science (WoS) and CNKI (China National Knowledge Network) databases were compared, their progression, core themes, and emerging trends were analyzed. The findings reveal the volume of research in this field has grown steadily, with France and the UK forming the core of an collaboration network, supported by strong partnerships among scholars and institutions. Early studies focused on climate change, natural disasters, and household livelihood dynamics, while recent research emphasizes regional and empirical analyses, livelihood capital, poverty-alleviated households, visualization techniques, rural revitalization, risk of poverty recurrence, and livelihood resilience. Future research on livelihood vulnerability should deepen efforts in collaboration, topics, and methodologies, while continuing to extract and refine China’s rural anti-poverty experiences to support the comprehensive advancement of the rural revitalization strategy.

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通过绘制生计脆弱性领域的可视化知识图谱,分析生计脆弱性研究的发展过程,厘清研究现状,识别研究热点,把握演变趋势并展望未来研究方向,为后续生计脆弱性研究提供有益参考。使用CiteSpace可视化分析软件,比较分析2008—2024年WoS(Web of Science)和CNKI(中国知网)数据库中以生计脆弱性为主题的研究发展历程、研究内容及前沿动态。研究发现:生计脆弱性领域的文献数量呈现稳步增长态势,形成以法国与英国为核心的研究网络,学者和机构合作紧密,早期主要关注气候变化、自然灾害及农户生计状况的研究;近年来,研究热点主要聚焦于地区、实证、生计资本、脱贫农户、可视化、乡村振兴、返贫风险、生计韧性等方面。未来生计脆弱性研究须从研究合作、研究主题和研究方法3个层面不断深化,坚持挖掘和提炼中国农村反贫困经验,助力乡村振兴战略全面推进。

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林桢栋(1997—),男,福建龙岩人,硕士研究生,研究方向为农户生计和社会保障

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林桢栋(1997—),男,福建龙岩人,硕士研究生,研究方向为农户生计和社会保障

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林桢栋(1997—),男,福建龙岩人,硕士研究生,研究方向为农户生计和社会保障

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频次 出现年份 机构
8 2013 西北农林科技大学经济管理学院
6 2016 西北师范大学地理与环境科学学院
5 2016 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所
4 2012 内蒙古财经大学经济学院
4 2015 中国社会科学院农村发展研究所
4 2016 湖北工业大学经济与管理学院
4 2013 中国科学院大学
3 2021 江西财经大学财税与公共管理学院
3 2008 中国农业大学人文与发展学院
3 2012 内蒙古财经大学金融学院
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2008—2024年CNKI中生计脆弱性的高频研究机构

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频次 出现年份 机构
8 2013 西北农林科技大学经济管理学院
6 2016 西北师范大学地理与环境科学学院
5 2016 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所
4 2012 内蒙古财经大学经济学院
4 2015 中国社会科学院农村发展研究所
4 2016 湖北工业大学经济与管理学院
4 2013 中国科学院大学
3 2021 江西财经大学财税与公共管理学院
3 2008 中国农业大学人文与发展学院
3 2012 内蒙古财经大学金融学院
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关键词 突现强度 起始年份 终止年份 2008—2022年
Sustainability 4.91 2008 2014
Global Change 5.60 2009 2018
Africa 11.85 2010 2014
Poor 6.15 2010 2016
Dynamics 7.22 2011 2015
Natural Resource Management 6.05 2011 2015
Social Ecological Systems 6.21 2012 2016
Governance 6.64 2014 2019
Coping Strategy 5.42 2014 2017
Fishing Community 5.22 2020 2022
Region 7.27 2021 2024
Empirical Evidence 5.26 2021 2024
Insecurity 4.87 2021 2022
Areas 5.16 2022 2024
Livelihood Capital 4.86 2022 2024
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2008—2024年WoS中生计脆弱性研究的突现关键词

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关键词 突现强度 起始年份 终止年份 2008—2022年
Sustainability 4.91 2008 2014
Global Change 5.60 2009 2018
Africa 11.85 2010 2014
Poor 6.15 2010 2016
Dynamics 7.22 2011 2015
Natural Resource Management 6.05 2011 2015
Social Ecological Systems 6.21 2012 2016
Governance 6.64 2014 2019
Coping Strategy 5.42 2014 2017
Fishing Community 5.22 2020 2022
Region 7.27 2021 2024
Empirical Evidence 5.26 2021 2024
Insecurity 4.87 2021 2022
Areas 5.16 2022 2024
Livelihood Capital 4.86 2022 2024
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关键词 突现强度 起始年份 终止年份 2008—2024年
脆弱性 2.06 2009 2019
生计能力 1.04 2009 2015
生计 1.96 2011 2017
农民工 1.23 2011 2013
气候变化 1.82 2012 2018
生计转型 1.36 2012 2015
失地农民 1.08 2015 2016
扶贫开发 1.06 2016 2017
乡村旅游 1.09 2018 2019
脱贫户 1.88 2020 2021
可视化 1.49 2020 2022
脱贫农户 1.43 2020 2024
乡村振兴 3.13 2021 2024
返贫风险 1.89 2022 2024
生计韧性 1.03 2022 2024
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2008—2024年CNKI中生计脆弱性研究的突现关键词

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关键词 突现强度 起始年份 终止年份 2008—2024年
脆弱性 2.06 2009 2019
生计能力 1.04 2009 2015
生计 1.96 2011 2017
农民工 1.23 2011 2013
气候变化 1.82 2012 2018
生计转型 1.36 2012 2015
失地农民 1.08 2015 2016
扶贫开发 1.06 2016 2017
乡村旅游 1.09 2018 2019
脱贫户 1.88 2020 2021
可视化 1.49 2020 2022
脱贫农户 1.43 2020 2024
乡村振兴 3.13 2021 2024
返贫风险 1.89 2022 2024
生计韧性 1.03 2022 2024
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基于WoS和CNKI的生计脆弱性可视化知识图谱分析
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林桢栋
科技和产业 | 治理绩效 2025,25(9): 311-318
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科技和产业 | 治理绩效 2025, 25(9): 311-318
基于WoS和CNKI的生计脆弱性可视化知识图谱分析
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林桢栋
作者信息
  • 福建农林大学公共管理与法学院, 福州 350002

    • 林桢栋(1997—),男,福建龙岩人,硕士研究生,研究方向为农户生计和社会保障

Knowledge Mapping Analysis of Livelihood Vulnerability Visualization Based on WoS and CNKI
Zhendong LIN
Affiliations
  • School of Public Administration & Law, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
出版时间: 2025-05-10
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摘要
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通过绘制生计脆弱性领域的可视化知识图谱,分析生计脆弱性研究的发展过程,厘清研究现状,识别研究热点,把握演变趋势并展望未来研究方向,为后续生计脆弱性研究提供有益参考。使用CiteSpace可视化分析软件,比较分析2008—2024年WoS(Web of Science)和CNKI(中国知网)数据库中以生计脆弱性为主题的研究发展历程、研究内容及前沿动态。研究发现:生计脆弱性领域的文献数量呈现稳步增长态势,形成以法国与英国为核心的研究网络,学者和机构合作紧密,早期主要关注气候变化、自然灾害及农户生计状况的研究;近年来,研究热点主要聚焦于地区、实证、生计资本、脱贫农户、可视化、乡村振兴、返贫风险、生计韧性等方面。未来生计脆弱性研究须从研究合作、研究主题和研究方法3个层面不断深化,坚持挖掘和提炼中国农村反贫困经验,助力乡村振兴战略全面推进。

生计脆弱性  /  CiteSpace  /  可视化分析  /  农户生计  /  返贫风险

Trough mapping the knowledge structure of livelihood vulnerability research, the current landscape was clarified, key research areas was highlighted, evolving trends was traced, and future research directions was proposed, offering valuable insights for advancing this field. Using CiteSpace visualization software, studies on livelihood vulnerability published from 2008 to 2024 in the Web of Science (WoS) and CNKI (China National Knowledge Network) databases were compared, their progression, core themes, and emerging trends were analyzed. The findings reveal the volume of research in this field has grown steadily, with France and the UK forming the core of an collaboration network, supported by strong partnerships among scholars and institutions. Early studies focused on climate change, natural disasters, and household livelihood dynamics, while recent research emphasizes regional and empirical analyses, livelihood capital, poverty-alleviated households, visualization techniques, rural revitalization, risk of poverty recurrence, and livelihood resilience. Future research on livelihood vulnerability should deepen efforts in collaboration, topics, and methodologies, while continuing to extract and refine China’s rural anti-poverty experiences to support the comprehensive advancement of the rural revitalization strategy.

livelihood vulnerability  /  CiteSpace  /  visualization analysis  /  farmers’ livelihoods  /  risk of poverty recurrence
林桢栋. 基于WoS和CNKI的生计脆弱性可视化知识图谱分析. 科技和产业, 2025 , 25 (9) : 311 -318 .
Zhendong LIN. Knowledge Mapping Analysis of Livelihood Vulnerability Visualization Based on WoS and CNKI[J]. Science Technology and Industry, 2025 , 25 (9) : 311 -318 .
正文
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2020年底,中国完成了消除绝对贫困的目标,农村发展方向从摆脱贫困过渡到巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果与乡村振兴有效衔接的阶段。当前农村虽然消除了绝对贫困问题,但仍存在已脱贫农户由于没有足够生计资本而导致返贫的风险。“生计”一词已经广泛应用于农村发展的研究中,生计资本不仅是农户已拥有且能用于改善生活状况的资产集合,也是抵御各种风险的保障[1]。脆弱性研究最初起源于物理领域研究,经过理论不断发展,脆弱性内涵开始拓展到自然灾害与贫困领域。脆弱性最初的概念是物体在受到外力的作用下产生应力和应变的现象,现通常是指系统容易受到损害的属性[2]。因此,生计脆弱性被视为个人或家庭在从事其生计活动时由于生计压力所展现出的不稳定性和易受损状态。
CiteSpace是现阶段应用广泛的知识图谱可视化分析工具。目前,研究者利用CiteSpace软件在乡村发展领域主要开展了产业扶贫[3]、生计资本[4]、乡村振兴[5]等方面的研究。还有一些学者基于中国知网和Web of Science(WoS)数据库进行比较分析。例如,赵翔和贺桂珍[6]对DPSIR(驱动力-压力-状态-影响-响应)分析框架的研究进行梳理总结;孙杨和张务伟[7]对农村养老问题的国内外研究状况进行比较分析。虽然使用知识图谱可视化分析工具的文献已经较为丰富,但目前鲜有学者对生计脆弱性的研究方向进行梳理,无法展现出生计脆弱性研究的动态发展过程。 基于此,本文选取 2008—2024年中国知网和WoS的文献数据,并借助CiteSpace软件进行可视化比较分析,在系统梳理生计脆弱性研究的发文趋势、作者分布、研究机构和研究主题等数据的基础上,重点回答下述问题:①生计脆弱性研究呈现出什么趋势?②生计脆弱性研究学者间的合作情况如何,是否存在学科交叉的情况?③核心作者群体关注的焦点是什么,以及生计脆弱性研究的热点有哪些?④生计脆弱性的发展路径和未来发展趋势是什么?
1 数据来源与研究方法
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1.1 数据来源
本文选取的中外文献分别来自WoS数据库和CNKI数据库,两者均为国内外广泛认可的科学检索平台。
在WoS的核心合集中,本文的检索方法为:TS(主题) =(“Livelihood Vulnerability”),时间期间选择“2008-01-01至2024-10-29”,初步检索到3 800条记录;在CNKI的数据库中以(主题:生计脆弱性)且将“2008—2024年”作为时间约束,进行检索,共得到208条记录。根据文献不重复和与主题严密相关的原则,分别获取了WoS数据库中的有效文献3 800篇,CNKI数据库中的有效文献208篇。
1.2 研究方法
CiteSpace的主要功能在于通过作者合作网络、机构分布、关键词共现等,在海量的数据库中实现对特定领域文献的计量分析,能够准确展现出学科研究特征和主题发展趋势,并将它们通过可视化图谱的形式呈现出来。不过,CiteSpace是从宏观角度着眼于学科研究领域的规律性,在文献细节信息的捕捉上还需要研究者对文章进行深度研读,梳理出文献中的知识关联情况,弥补CiteSpace“机器学习”功能对细节的忽视,从而实现较好的“人机互补”。本文借助CiteSpace 6.3.R1对2008—2024年的WoS、CNKI数据库中的生计脆弱性文献进行知识图谱绘制,通过可视化图谱进行分析,挖掘出文献聚焦主题的演变过程,并解读研究领域的关键文献,分析其具体内容指向,预测研究趋势,以期为后续研究者了解本领域的研究情况提供参考。
2 统计与分析
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2.1 发文时间分布分析
从数据结果来看,2008—2024年中外学者关于生计脆弱性研究所发表的论文数量呈现出整体上升的趋势(图1)。结合文献总量特征发现,在生计脆弱性领域的研究发展有明显的阶段性特征。具体分为3个阶段:第1阶段为2008—2011年,该阶段相关文献研究较少,实际增长速度较为平缓;第2阶段为2012—2018年,生计脆弱性的研究进入迅速发展阶段,WoS和CNKI数据库中的论文发文量的年平均增长率分别为15.7%和21.7%;第3阶段为2019—2024年,生计脆弱性研究趋于成熟,每年发文量保持在一个相对稳定的水平,发文量分别占WoS和CNKI的2008—2024年总发文量的49.8%和59.2%。
2.2 生计脆弱性研究发文作者情况分析
作者是科学研究的主体,为了更好呈现出生计脆弱性研究领域的核心作者和合作网络,分别将WoS数据库中3 800篇有效文献的全纪录数据和CNKI数据库中的208篇文献数据转换导入CiteSpace软件。图2展示了WoS数据库的生计脆弱性领域核心作者群和合作网络。作者发文量统计显示,在WoS库中的生计脆弱性的发文10篇以上的作者有10人,发文量最多的是Alam,累计发表22篇,已经形成了几个较为核心的研究团队,并在团队之间建立了一定的联系网络和学科交叉。图3合作作者发文量统计显示,在CNKI数据库中,发文量4篇及以上的作者有4人,其中赵雪雁发文量共有5篇,是生计脆弱性研究的重要学者之一。从合作网络来看,生计脆弱性研究呈现了小集中、大分散的特点,各团队合作强度较弱。
2.3 研究机构统计分析
利用CiteSpace中“Node Types”的“institution”功能分析WoS和CNKI的发文机构合作网络图谱(图4)。从图4可以看出,WoS中生计脆弱性的研究力量主要集中在法国和英国。各机构的研究焦点各有不同,国际农业磋商组织发文量最多,其次是伦敦大学,接下来是中国科学院、加利福尼亚大学等。国际农业磋商组织主要关注土地变化、食品安全等方面的生计脆弱性研究,伦敦大学致力于生计脆弱性理论、性别和适应能力等方面的研究,中国科学院主要聚焦于贫困、地理环境等方面的研究。近几年,致力于农业与生计脆弱性研究相结合的牛津大学和关注非洲地区生计脆弱性的开普敦大学的发文量增幅较大。根据CNKI的高频研究机构(表1)可视化可以得出,生计脆弱性研究力量主要是高校,发文频次最高的是西北农林科技大学,其次是西北师范大学。西北农林科技大学的生计脆弱性研究主要集中在气候变化和政策效应方面,西北师范大学则关注的是地理与生态方面。另外,CNKI中生计脆弱性研究机构主要集中在西北和西南地区,东南地区的研究机构较少。
2.4 关键词知识图谱分析
2.4.1 关键词的共现图谱
借助CiteSpace软件对WoS和CNKI文献的关键词的共现频率和强度进行聚类,将部分同义关键词进行合并,绘制出关键词知识图谱。在WoS文献中,得到climate change、social vulnerability、rural households、small-scale fisheries、ecosystem services、disaster risk reduction等8个聚类标签(图5);在CNKI文献中,得到空间差异、农户、生计、农户生计、生计策略、乡村振兴等10个聚类标签(图6)。 通过观察图谱显现的聚类标签,可以清晰识别2008—2024年WoS和CNKI文献在生计脆弱性领域的研究热点。
在WoS的核心合集文献中,关于生计脆弱性领域的研究热点主要集中在气候变化、社会脆弱性、农户及渔民等方面。
(1)气候变化与生计脆弱性。农业生产和收入是重要的生计来源,而降雨模式和温度变化广泛影响着农业生产[8-9]。尤其是一些生计高度依赖雨养农业维持的农村家庭,极端气候事件会导致严重的作物和收入损失,加剧生计不稳定性[10-11]。为了维持生计并提高农户应对气候变化的适应能力,应加强环境资源的有效治理,实现财政和政策的有效支持,激励农业的集约化和多样化,从而促进生计调整,适应生计压力带来的挑战[12-13]。
(2)社会脆弱性与生计脆弱性。社会资本是影响农村家庭应对外部压力以及获取生计资源的主要因素[14-15]。另外,薄弱的社交网络会削弱农村家庭应对变化的适应能力[16-17],通过加强基础设施建设、资源可得性、教育公平性和金融服务覆盖面能够有效改善社会群体的生计脆弱性[18-19]。
(3)农户、渔民与生计脆弱性。可持续生计方法为评估不同群体的生计情况提供可靠的分析框架[20-21],通过分析农户与渔民的生计脆弱性和影响因素,发现家庭规模、教育水平、灾害损失、疾病情况、流动性等都会对脆弱性产生影响[22-23]。而生计多样化和流动性是有效应对经济和环境冲击的策略,有助于减少贫困,支持他们在不确定的生活中保持生计稳定[24-25]。
从CNKI数据库中的关键词聚类结果可以发现,学者主要致力于将空间差异、农户生计、乡村振兴等与生计脆弱性研究相结合。
(1)空间差异与生计脆弱性。自然地理环境的地域分异、社会经济条件的区域差异和极端气候灾害的地理相邻,使不同群体在资金、技术、资源、流动上呈现出不同的取向层次,导致生计脆弱性具有空间差异[26-27]。一方面,对于全国的生计空间差异进行研究,呈现出“东南-西北”的空间递减格局[28]。另一方面,对于特定区域和特定群体的生计脆弱性空间分异展开研究[29-31]。
(2)农户生计与生计脆弱性。农户是众多农村贫困与发展研究的基本单位,在农村经济贫困和生态环境脆弱的复合地区,农户生计水平偏低,存在较高的返贫风险[32-33]。生计策略以生计资本为核心,农户生计资本储量和结构的变化,会改变农户生计脆弱性的情况。生计资本的变动影响着生计策略的可持续性,而生计策略又通过生计结果反作用于生计资本[34]。因此,在后扶贫时代,脱贫农户生计禀赋不足是返贫致贫的直接原因,需要注重提高脱贫农户的生计禀赋[35]。
(3)乡村振兴与生计脆弱性。降低生计脆弱性,实现农民生计可持续,是巩固脱贫攻坚成果和全面推进乡村振兴的基础和前提[36-37]。生计资本薄弱和生计脆弱性较高的农户在遭遇外部冲击时,更容易陷入不同程度的返贫致贫风险之中[38]。在乡村振兴战略的背景下,针对农户生计脆弱性的变化,提出以“守”“调”“推”为特征的推进路径。首先是“守”,加强高等教育和职业教育,提升农村人口整体素质,促进生计选择多样化,巩固脱贫攻坚成果;其次是“调”,借鉴各地区产业发展经验,优化惠农政策机制,确保巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果同乡村振兴有效衔接;最后是“推”,推动建立生计水平和返贫风险监测机制,切实保障农户的生计安全,同时探索推进乡村振兴的新模式与新路径[39-40]。
2.4.2 关键词的发展路径
利用CiteSpace的关键词共现分析生成Occurrences Burst History图谱,图谱中的加粗横线部分表示关键词突现的年份区间。
在WoS文献中(表2),突变强度排名前5位的关键词依次为Africa、region、dynamics、governance、social ecological systems。从时间维度来看,在2008—2016年突现的关键词为sustainability、global change、Africa、poor、dynamics等;2016年前的突现词还有natural resource management、social ecological systems、governance等,主题开始变得多元和具体;2014—2022年出现一批突现时间短的关键词,分别为coping strategy、fishing community、insecurity,主要集中在应对农牧渔业风险领域;在2022年后,关于生计脆弱性的研究开始重点关注region、empirical evidence、areas、livelihood capital,并加强了地区间生计情况的实证研究。
在CNKI文献中,2008—2024年突变强度较高的主题词分别为:乡村振兴、脆弱性、生计、返贫风险、脱贫户。从表3可以看出,在2015年前,生计脆弱性研究主要的突变关键词为生计领域的能力、转型、农民工等;2016—2019年,生计脆弱性研究聚焦于扶贫开发、乡村旅游、气候变化等方面;2020年以来,脱贫农户、可视化、乡村振兴、返贫风险、生计韧性等成为生计脆弱性研究中的关注热点,生计脆弱性与返贫风险、乡村振兴联系紧密,并提出了生计韧性,即强调脱贫户内生动力的分析框架。
对比2008—2024年的突现关键词可以看出,在前期的生计脆弱性研究中,中文文献专注对生计领域的具体内容进行研究,而英文文献关注生态领域与脆弱性的研究;后期,都开始关注气候、贫困与生计脆弱性的关系。近年来,对适应能力和具体范围内农户的研究成为中外学者共同关注的研究热点。值得注意的是,中外学者都在强调生计脆弱性的区域实证研究及可视化,还有生计资本和生计韧性研究的发展,这给未来生计脆弱性研究提供了参考依据。
3 研究结论与展望
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3.1 研究结论
(1)时间分布上,中英文文献数量整体处于增长的趋势。空间分布上,生计脆弱性研究以法国、英国为核心区域,法国发文量多且合作联系密切。
(2)通过对WoS和CNKI重要文献的关键词分析后发现,WoS数据库文献对气候变化、自然灾害研究的关注较高,CNKI数据库文献更侧重于农户生计情况的研究。生计脆弱性研究热点逐渐从宏观分析演化为解决具体问题,但对农户的关注是贯穿始终的。学者们也从地理学、生态学逐步走向了社会学、心理学等跨学科研究。
(3)通过分析突现关键词的规律性,发现中英文文献近年来的研究热点方向基本一致,WoS文献近年来的研究热点为地区、实证、生计资本,CNKI文献关注的是脱贫农户、可视化、乡村振兴、返贫风险、生计韧性。中外文献研究热点和前沿趋势有重叠的领域,未来研究可以尝试从更广泛的视角,如地区差异、反贫困、农户内生动力等方向切入。
3.2 研究展望
生计脆弱性为农村地区经济社会增效及农民持续增收等可持续发展目标的实现提供全新视角,具有学术价值和实践意义。党的二十大报告强调要全面推进乡村振兴,生计脆弱性与防止规模性返贫紧密相连,也是乡村振兴战略实施的基础与前提,为农村发展领域研究提供丰富素材。随着乡村振兴深入推进和共同富裕逐步实现,未来生计脆弱性研究应该关注如下几个方面。
(1)加强机构合作,促进学科交叉融合。加强不同学科、不同背景学者之间的交流合作,扩大知识产出,增强中国学者在生计脆弱性研究领域的影响力。高校与研究机构应互相提供优质资源支持,同时发挥区位优势,形成有地区特色的生计脆弱性研究。还可以推动研究机构与实务部门的合作以挖掘研究新思路,使研究既有理论高度又有实践深度。目前,生计脆弱性研究呈现出学科多元化趋势,但研究视角尚不够开阔。需要重视各因素与生计脆弱性内在关系的研究,引入社会学、生态学、统计学等多种学科的前沿理论和方法,建立起交叉学科的广泛联系,探索在不同自然条件、不同研究背景下生计脆弱性的演变特征,逐渐形成成熟化、高质量的合作体系和研究方案。
(2)瞄准前沿主题,聚焦路径创新研究。生计脆弱性研究可以围绕农村现代化、绿色发展、共同富裕等主题进行深入研讨,并借鉴国外学者相关研究经验,探索符合中国各地区实际情况的研究框架。生计脆弱性的研究并非只集中在农村,城市也存在大量的生计脆弱性现象,特别是在遭遇重大公共危机时,城市的应急管理、生态治理等方面亟须关注。另一方面,中国减贫实践经验能给世界带来启发。中国脱贫攻坚胜利的成果能为其他发展中国家提供“中国案例”和“中国经验”,将单一样本分析拓展为跨区域的对比分析。因此,未来的生计脆弱性研究不应局限于国内,还可以将中国降低生计脆弱性以实现减贫、阻止返贫的案例和经验作为参考,与相似生计情况的地区进行比较研究。
(3)关注特殊地区,综合定量与定性研究。当前关于生计脆弱性的定量研究主要集中在预期贫困脆弱性(VEP)、期望效用脆弱性(VEU)、风险暴露脆弱性(VER)以及“暴露-敏感性-适应能力”框架等方面,未来应该继续加强欠发达地区、革命老区、生态退化区等特殊地区的定性研究或案例研究,在理论逻辑清晰的基础上用统计模型加以验证,通过小尺度上的深层次讨论,丰富生计脆弱性研究尺度。同时要创新研究方法,未来可以采用探索空间分析、人工智能、数学建模等技术及定量方法,分析特殊地区生计脆弱性的时空分布特征,并探讨其对地区不同特征群体的生计结果产生的具体影响。此外,要完善基于中国情境下的生计脆弱性研究框架及测算指标,建立评估体系来测定地区的生计脆弱性水平,对脆弱性程度进行分级监测,为准确评估地区生计脆弱性并及时制定应对措施提供科学依据。
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  • 国家社会科学基金(22CGL047)
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2025年第25卷第9期
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  • 接收时间：2024-10-18
  • 首发时间：2025-07-18
  • 出版时间：2025-05-10
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  • 收稿日期：2024-10-18
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国家社会科学基金(22CGL047)
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    福建农林大学公共管理与法学院, 福州 350002
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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