Article(id=1149673295294939553, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, issueId=1149670639897854094, articleNumber=1671-1807(2025)10-0025-07, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1731254400000, receivedDateStr=2024-11-11, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752033073495, onlineDateStr=2025-07-09, pubDate=1748102400000, pubDateStr=2025-05-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752033073495, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752033073495, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752033073495, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1149670639897854094, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, year='2025', volume='25', issue='10', pageStart='1', pageEnd='377', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1752032440399, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1756780756355, updator=15831073675, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1169586520596947842, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, issueId=1149670639897854094, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1169586520596947843, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, issueId=1149670639897854094, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=25, endPage=31, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1151877664202699097, articleId=1149673295294939553, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, language=EN, title=Research on the Construction Methods for Deep Buried Soft Rock Large-diameter Tunnels: A Case Study of the Bin Jiang Load Tunnel Project, columnId=1151876674645226399, journalTitle=Science Technology and Industry, columnName=Technology Innovation, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To study the optimal excavation method for shallow-buried soft rock large-section tunnels, detailed numerical models were established for the step method, the cross-middle wall method and the double side wall guiding pit method. The research focused on the time-space evolution of the ground displacement field during the construction process and the stress distribution of the supporting structure. The results show than the excavation using the double side wall guiding pit method induces smaller crown settlement displacements. The ground settlement caused by the three excavation methods is characterized by a U-shaped curve, with the double side wall guiding pit method resulting in the smallest surface settlement displacement. The initial support stress calculated for the double side wall guiding pit method is higher, but remains within a safe range.

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Huazhi SUO, Xingji MAO, Guoqiang LI), CN=ArticleExt(id=1151877700454068660, articleId=1149673295294939553, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, language=CN, title=浅埋软岩大断面隧道施工工法研究——以滨江路隧道工程为例, columnId=1151876674787832737, journalTitle=科技和产业, columnName=科技创新, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=为了研究比选出浅埋软岩大断面隧道最优的开挖工法,建立了台阶法、交叉中隔壁法和双侧壁导坑法的施工精细化数值模型,对浅埋软岩大断面隧道施工过程中地层位移场的时空演化规律、支护结构应力分布情况进行研究。结果表明:双侧壁导坑法开挖引起的拱顶下沉位移较小;三种工法开挖引起的地表沉降均为U形,双侧壁导坑法地表沉降位移最小;双侧壁导坑法计算得到的初期支护应力较高,但处于安全范围内。, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=LEZnQF39nrHidi2VQ0p2nA==, magXml=C1SbrCKcp6f8Yfe1gUvL2A==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=Ok8rieI6yi34JgXGO/VDUg==, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=vk05eq8beLH4DFUdvuzJhA==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

索华志(1984—),男,山东济南人,高级工程师,研究方向为隧道工程建设管理;

毛兴吉(1995—),男,山东潍坊人,工程师,研究方向为隧道与地下结构施工力学;

黎国强(1999—),男,云南曲靖,助理工程师,研究方向为隧道工程施工与监测。

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黎国强(1999—),男,云南曲靖,助理工程师,研究方向为隧道工程施工与监测。

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journalId=1146123222451335185, articleId=1149673295294939553, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=有限元模型)], refs=[Reference(id=1173173864822616390, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, articleId=1149673295294939553, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2007, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=赵旭峰, journalName=挤压性围岩隧道施工时空效应及其大变形控制研究, refType=null, unstructuredReference=赵旭峰. 挤压性围岩隧道施工时空效应及其大变形控制研究[D]. 上海: 同济大学, 2007., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1173173864872948039, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, articleId=1149673295294939553, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2007, volume=null, issue=4, pageStart=43, pageEnd=47, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=1, authorNames=周乾刚, 方俊波, journalName=隧道建设, refType=null, unstructuredReference=周乾刚, 方俊波. 乌鞘岭隧道岭脊段控制千枚岩大变形快速施工[J]. 隧道建设, 2007(4): 43-47., articleTitle=乌鞘岭隧道岭脊段控制千枚岩大变形快速施工, 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材料 容重/
(kN·m-3)
弹性模量/
MPa
泊松
黏聚力/
MPa
摩擦角/
(°)
中风化泥岩 23 1 900 0.34 0.21 32
初支期支护 24 29 267 0.20
锚杆 78.5 206 000 0.30
注浆加固区 24 3 000 0.30 0.50 35
), ArticleFig(id=1173173864587735364, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123222451335185, articleId=1149673295294939553, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

材料参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
材料 容重/
(kN·m-3)
弹性模量/
MPa
泊松
黏聚力/
MPa
摩擦角/
(°)
中风化泥岩 23 1 900 0.34 0.21 32
初支期支护 24 29 267 0.20
锚杆 78.5 206 000 0.30
注浆加固区 24 3 000 0.30 0.50 35
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浅埋软岩大断面隧道施工工法研究——以滨江路隧道工程为例
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索华志 , 毛兴吉 , 黎国强
科技和产业 | 科技创新 2025,25(10): 25-31
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科技和产业 | 科技创新 2025, 25(10): 25-31
浅埋软岩大断面隧道施工工法研究——以滨江路隧道工程为例
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索华志, 毛兴吉, 黎国强
作者信息
  • 中铁十局集团第一工程有限公司, 济南 250000
  • 索华志(1984—),男,山东济南人,高级工程师,研究方向为隧道工程建设管理;

    毛兴吉(1995—),男,山东潍坊人,工程师,研究方向为隧道与地下结构施工力学;

    黎国强(1999—),男,云南曲靖,助理工程师,研究方向为隧道工程施工与监测。

Research on the Construction Methods for Deep Buried Soft Rock Large-diameter Tunnels: A Case Study of the Bin Jiang Load Tunnel Project
Huazhi SUO, Xingji MAO, Guoqiang LI
Affiliations
  • China Railway Tenth Bureau Group First Engineering Co. Ltd., Jinan 250000, China
出版时间: 2025-05-25
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为了研究比选出浅埋软岩大断面隧道最优的开挖工法,建立了台阶法、交叉中隔壁法和双侧壁导坑法的施工精细化数值模型,对浅埋软岩大断面隧道施工过程中地层位移场的时空演化规律、支护结构应力分布情况进行研究。结果表明:双侧壁导坑法开挖引起的拱顶下沉位移较小;三种工法开挖引起的地表沉降均为U形,双侧壁导坑法地表沉降位移最小;双侧壁导坑法计算得到的初期支护应力较高,但处于安全范围内。
浅埋软岩隧道  /  台阶法  /  交叉中隔壁法  /  双侧壁导坑法  /  有限元模型

To study the optimal excavation method for shallow-buried soft rock large-section tunnels, detailed numerical models were established for the step method, the cross-middle wall method and the double side wall guiding pit method. The research focused on the time-space evolution of the ground displacement field during the construction process and the stress distribution of the supporting structure. The results show than the excavation using the double side wall guiding pit method induces smaller crown settlement displacements. The ground settlement caused by the three excavation methods is characterized by a U-shaped curve, with the double side wall guiding pit method resulting in the smallest surface settlement displacement. The initial support stress calculated for the double side wall guiding pit method is higher, but remains within a safe range.

shallow-buried soft rock tunnel  /  step method  /  cross-middle wall method  /  double side wall guiding pit method  /  finite element model
索华志, 毛兴吉, 黎国强. 浅埋软岩大断面隧道施工工法研究——以滨江路隧道工程为例. 科技和产业, 2025 , 25 (10) : 25 -31 .
Huazhi SUO, Xingji MAO, Guoqiang LI. Research on the Construction Methods for Deep Buried Soft Rock Large-diameter Tunnels: A Case Study of the Bin Jiang Load Tunnel Project[J]. Science Technology and Industry, 2025 , 25 (10) : 25 -31 .
软岩隧道的大变形特征除了受初始地应力场和围岩的力学性质影响,开挖工法也将对其产生显著影响;隧道施工对围岩的扰动在时间和空间上是一个不可逆的演化过程。因此,合理的开挖工法对于降低软岩隧道围岩松弛和控制围岩变形尤为重要。
国内外学者针对软岩隧道开挖工法的选择和优化开展一系列研究。赵旭峰[1]采用数值计算方法,优化挤压性围岩隧道二次衬砌施作时机、仰拱闭合时机、台阶长度等施工参数。周乾刚和方俊波[2]研究台阶法施工工序和各工序间距对围岩变形的影响规律。汪小敏等[3]以软岩隧道为工程背景,采用有限元计算的方法研究了全断面开挖和上下台阶法开挖对围岩变形的影响。陈炜韬[4]通过理论分析和现场试验等方法研究分断面开挖跨度、开挖循环进尺、初支施作时机和台阶长度等施工参数对土质隧道围岩稳定性的影响规律。李文江等[5]采用数值计算的方法对单线铁路隧道软岩段施工过程进行模拟,对比研究常规台阶法、扩大拱脚台阶法和预留核心土台阶法等开挖工法对围岩稳定性的影响规律。乔春江等[6]以西藏扎墨公路嘎隆拉隧道洞口段为工程依托,采用数值计算的方法研究了破碎地层采用全断面法、三台阶法和CD法施工时围岩的稳定性及支护结构的受力。李建敦等[7]依托董奉山隧道工程分析浅埋软岩隧道在开挖过程中初支变形及破坏特征,并利用数值模拟软件对大变形原因进行分析,提出合理的变形控制措施。林锦腾等[8]为探究浅埋段偏压隧道在开挖过程中围岩的变形规律,采用数值模拟和现场监测的手段,对超浅埋隧道在开挖条件下围岩的变形进行分析。赵志刚等[9]依托某隧道大变形事故案例,研究超大断面浅埋黄土隧道大变形控制技术及效果,提出合理有效的围岩变形控制技术及施工工艺。王英帆等[10]针对高地应力软岩隧道大变形问题,进行现场监测,探讨不同施工阶段围岩的变形规律和受力特点。侯丰和刘府生[11]以温州某盾构隧道为例,研究单线与双线盾构隧道施工下越软土地层时地表的沉降规律。
然而,关于浅埋软岩隧道不同施工工法的对比研究较少,因此本文以浅埋软岩隧道为研究对象,利用有限元软件建立三种施工工法的精细化数值模型,分析三种施工方法下浅埋软岩隧道围岩稳定性和支护结构应力分布情况,比选出最优的施工工法。
依托滨江路隧道为双向6车道分离式隧道,是滨江大道延长线项目的控制性工程。隧道位于四川盆地东北部,隧道所在区域主要为丘陵地貌,局部为嘉陵江水系一、二、三、四级阶地;区域内覆土以第四系堆积层为主,下伏侏罗系岩层。隧道左右洞的长度分别为680.5 m和682.8 m,设计行车速度为60 km/h;隧道设计建筑限界宽为14.75 m,隧道衬砌内轮廓高为10 m,宽为15.45 m,内轮廓断面面积为122.9 m2,周长为41.35 m,如图1所示,属于大断面公路隧道。
滨江路隧道为浅埋隧道,隧道横断面类型为三心圆拱形断面,考虑隧道衬砌厚度,隧道模型断面高取为11.25 m,宽度取为16.70 m;为了消除边界效应对数值模拟结果的影响,数值模型宽度取为100 m,下边界距离隧道为40 m;为了精细化模拟不同施工工法对隧道变形及地面沉降的影响,隧道纵向取为40 m,每个开挖步的开挖进尺取为0.5 m,模拟80个开挖进尺下隧道围岩的空间效应。采用位移边界条件,约束模型下边界空间内所有平动位移,约束模型前后以及左右边界水平(xy平面)位移。荷载仅考虑自重应力场,模型网络划如图2所示。
围岩使用3D实体单元模拟,服从M-C弹塑性本构。超前注浆加固效果通过改变围岩属性的方法实现,加固圈厚度0.7 m,采用M-C弹塑性本构。锚杆使用4.5 m长A22药卷锚杆,纵向间距为1 m,横向间距为0.12 m,使用植入式桁架单元模拟,采用弹性本构。采用C25喷射混凝土,厚为26 cm,钢拱架采用I20b,纵向间距为0.5 m。喷射混凝土和钢拱架使用板单元模拟,采用弹性本构,材料参数如表1所示。
为对比分析不同工法情况下隧道施工力学行为,分别建立交叉中隔壁法、双侧壁导坑和法台阶法的施工数值模型,三种开挖工法施工步序如图3所示。
交叉中隔壁法是一种适用于软弱地层的隧道施工方法[12],特别是对于控制地表沉陷有很好的效果,一般主要用于城市地下铁道施工中。交叉中隔壁法开挖顺序如下:①开挖左侧导洞上半断面,并施作初期支护和临时支撑和临时仰拱;②开挖左侧导洞下半断面,并施作初期支护和临时支撑;③开挖右侧导洞上半断面,并施作初期支护和临时仰拱;④开挖右侧导洞下半断面,并施作初期支护;⑤变形稳定后,拆除临时支护。
双侧壁导坑法属于新奥法的一个分支,适用于围岩条件较差的情况下的行车隧道开挖,在浅埋大跨度隧道施工时,采用双侧壁导坑法能够控制地表下沉,保持掌子面的稳定,安全可靠[13]。双侧壁导坑法开挖顺序如下:①开挖左侧导洞上半断面,并施作初期支护和临时支撑;②开挖左侧导洞下半断面,并施作初期支护和临时支撑;③开挖右侧导洞上半断面,并施作初期支护;④开挖右侧导洞下半断面,并施作初期支护;⑤主洞上部开挖,并施作初期支护;⑥主洞中部开挖;⑦主洞下部开挖,并施作初期支护;⑧变形稳定后,拆除临时支护。
台阶法指先开挖隧道上部断面(上台阶),上台阶超前一定距离后开始开挖下部断面(下台阶),上下台阶同时并进的施工方法,适用于大断面隧道开挖[14]。台阶法开挖顺序如下:①上台阶开挖,并施作初期支护;②上台阶核心土开挖;③中台阶开挖,并施作初期支护;④下台阶开挖,并施作初期支护;⑤变形稳定后,拆除临时支护。
为研究拱顶下沉位移的时空演化规律,选取Y=10 m处的截面作为监测断面,绘出监测点下沉位移-施工步骤关系曲线。
拱顶下沉位移监测点如图4所示;绘出拱顶沉降位移-施工步骤关系曲线如图5所示。
交叉中隔壁法施工过程中拱顶沉降大致可分为三个阶段:在阶段Ⅰ,隧道一经开挖,A、B、C三点均开始出现沉降位移,其中B点沉降位移增长速率最快,A点次之,C点最慢;在阶段Ⅱ,右侧导洞上台阶掌子面通过监测断面前后A点和C点沉降位移急剧增加,曲线拐点近似出现在右导洞上台阶通过时,随着开挖面的远离A、C点沉降位移速率注浆减小,趋于稳定。在第150步时,A、B、C三点的沉降位移均趋于稳定。
综上,B点和C点沉降位移曲线均出现一处明显拐点,分别出现在左侧导洞掌子面上台阶通过时和右侧导洞上台阶掌子面通过时,A点沉降位移曲线出现两处明显拐点。最终A点沉降位移为11.8 mm,B点沉降位移为10.1 mm,C点沉降位移为10.4 mm。
双侧壁导坑法拱顶下沉位移监测点如图6所示;绘出拱顶沉降位移-施工步骤关系曲线如图7所示。
双侧壁导坑法施工过程中拱顶沉降可分为四个阶段,阶段Ⅰ中右侧导洞开始开挖后,A、B、C三点均开始出现沉降位移,其中B点沉降位移速率在右侧导洞上台阶掌子面通过时急剧增加,位移曲线出现拐点。而A、C点位移增速较慢,增速在该阶段波动幅度不大。阶段Ⅱ右侧导洞开始开挖,当右侧导洞上台阶掌子面接近监测断面时,C点沉降位移急剧增大,当掌子通过监测断面时,沉降位移速率达到峰值,位移曲线出现拐点。该阶段B点沉降位移速率接近于零,位移基本保持不变。A点沉降位移速率波动较小,位移以较小的速率增加。阶段Ⅲ主洞开始开挖,主洞上台阶掌子面通过监测断面时A点沉降位移急剧增加,沉降速率达到峰值,同时B点和C点的位移增长速率也开始增大,并在主洞上台阶核心土开挖面通过监测断面之后,中台阶开挖面通过监测断面之前达到峰值。随着开挖面的远离,三点的沉降位移增加速率逐渐减小,趋近于零,位移逐步达到稳定。第200步时,三点位移基本稳定,此时开始拆除初期支护,监测断面处初期支护拆除后三点的沉降位移均出现微小突变,三点因临时支撑拆除引起的沉降均小于0.2 mm。
综上,A点沉降曲线存在一个主要拐点,B点和C点沉降曲线线存在两个注意拐点。B点和C点位移曲线最终基本重合,最终沉降位移为8.95 mm,A点最终沉降位移为11.6 mm。
台阶法拱顶下沉位移监测点如图8所示;绘出拱顶沉降位移-施工步骤关系曲线如图9所示。
台阶法开挖A、B、C三点沉降位移曲线均呈“S”形。开始开挖时,三点位移先缓慢增加,随着开挖面的推进位移增速逐渐变大,当上台阶掌子面通过监测断面时位移增速达到最大,然后随着开挖面的远离,位移增速逐渐减小。第110步时,三点的位移增速减小至0,位移稳定。由于结构和荷载的对称性,B、C点沉降位移曲线基本重合,最终位移均为10.7 mm,A点最终沉降位移为12.4 mm。
三种工法的最终拱顶沉降位移如图10所示,双侧壁导坑法三个监测点沉降位移均小于其他工法。双侧壁导坑法三个监测点位移平均值为9.83 mm,和交叉中隔壁法相比平均位移减小8.72%,和台阶法相比平均位移减小12.78%。从控制拱顶沉降位移的角度,双侧壁导坑法为最优工法。
隧道开挖完成后模型Y=25 m截面处地表沉降位移曲线如图11所示,三种工法的地表沉降槽均呈“U”形,地表沉降值最大值出现在隧道中轴线处。三种工法中双侧壁导坑法最大地表沉降值最小,为4.09 mm,交叉中隔壁法次之,为4.25 mm,台阶法地表沉降值最大,为4.59 mm。采用双侧壁导坑法可相比交叉中隔壁法可减小最大地表沉降值3.76%,相比台阶法可减小10.89%。
初期支护衬砌结构层采用受压刚度等效原则,综合考虑喷射混凝土和型钢支撑的支护效果,使用容许应力法,以von mises等效应力为判定指标进行判断。依据《公路隧道设计细则》(JTG/T D70—2010)[15]和《钢结构设计标准》(GB 50017—2017)[16],取C25喷射混凝土强度设计值为许用应力,许用压弯正应力 $\left[{\sigma }_{cc}\right]$=13.5 MPa。钢支撑使用Q235钢,取其抗压、抗拉和炕弯强度设计值作许用应力,即 $\left[{\sigma }_{y}\right]$=215 MPa。按照受压强度等效原则按式(1),近似将喷射混凝土和钢支撑的许用应力折算:
$\left[{\sigma }_{c}\right]=\left[{\sigma }_{cc}\right]+\frac{{S}_{g}\left[{\sigma }_{y}\right]}{{S}_{c}}$
式中: $\left[{\sigma }_{c}\right]为许用应力;\left[{\sigma }_{cc}\right]为喷射混凝土的许用压弯正应力;\left[{\sigma }_{y}\right]为钢支撑的许用应力;{S}_{g}和{S}_{c}$分别为隧道纵向每延米长度内钢支撑的截面面积和喷射混凝土的截面面积。依据《热轧型钢》(GB/T 706—2016)[17],I20b型钢截面积取39.55 cm2,型钢纵向间距为0.5 m,故Sg=2×39.55=79.1 cm2。计算得 $\left[{\sigma }_{c}\right]$=20.04 MPa。若von mises等效应力绝对值小于许用应力,则认为初期支护衬砌安全。
图12为三种施工工法下初期支护衬砌von mise应力云图。双侧壁导坑法的衬砌拱脚和拱腰处应力较大,最大值为19.8 MPa,仰拱中部应力水平较小,为4.9 MPa,衬砌应力水平在安全范围内;交叉中隔壁法的衬砌最大应力出现在拱脚处,左拱脚最大应力为19.5 MPa,右拱脚处最大应力为15.6 MPa,仰拱中部和拱顶应力水平较低,最小值为3.9 MPa;台阶法的衬砌最大应力出现在拱腰附近,应力水平为17.9 MPa,最小应力1.08 MPa。出现在仰拱中部。
采用ϕ22 mm药卷锚杆,屈服强度为400 MPa;取锚杆轴向力限值Nmax=70 kN,当锚固力达到限值时,锚杆轴向应力为
$\begin{aligned}\sigma= \frac{N}{\pi d^{2} / 4}=\frac{70 \times 10^{3}}{3.14 \times 22^{2}} \times 4= 184.1 \mathrm{MPa}<400 \mathrm{MPa}\end{aligned}$
所以当锚固力满足要求时,杆体强度自然满足要求。
不同施工工法下锚杆内力分布如图13所示,交叉中隔壁法的右侧拱腰处锚杆内力较大,锚杆最大轴向内力为47.6 kN,满足要求;双侧壁导坑法拱腰和拱肩处的锚杆轴力较大,最大轴力为41.3 kN,满足要求;台阶法拱腰位置处锚杆轴力较大,最大轴力为79.2 kN,大于限值,不满足要求。
就拱顶下沉位移而言,双侧壁导坑法开挖引起的拱顶下沉位移较小。双侧壁导坑法监测点平均沉降位移和交叉中隔壁法相比减小8.72%,和台阶法相比减小12.78%。就地表沉降位移而言,三种工法开挖引起的地表沉降槽均为“U”形,双侧壁导坑法地表沉降位移为4.09 mm,比交叉中隔壁法可减小最大地表沉降值3.76%,相比台阶法可减小10.89%。就初期支护衬砌应力而言,双侧壁导坑法von mise应力最大,交叉中隔壁法von mise应力次之,台阶法von mise应力最小,但应力都在强度范围内。这是由于双侧壁导坑法能更好地控制围岩变形,提供的支护力较大所致。双侧壁导坑法锚杆最大轴力最小,为41.3 kN,交叉中隔壁法锚杆最大轴力次之,为47.6 kN,二者锚杆轴力均在安全范围内,台阶法锚杆最大轴力为79.2 kN,超过安全范围。数值模型中锚杆使用植入式桁架单元模拟,其轴力大小取决于围岩应变,双侧壁导坑法能更好地控制围岩变形,故相应的锚杆轴力最小。
综合考虑围岩位移和支护结构稳定性,双侧壁导坑法安全可靠度最高,推荐使用双侧壁导坑法作为浅埋泥岩隧道开挖工法。图14为现场采用双侧壁导坑法进行隧道开挖的施工图,现场实际监测得到地表的沉降值较小,处于安全的施工范围内,通过有限元模型计算得到的结论具有一定的可信度,对类似工程的开挖工法选取具有一定的工程指导意义。
应用地层-结构法,建立了精细化的三维数值模型,研究了三种开挖工法下浅埋软岩大断面隧道围岩位移场和应力分布情况,比选出最优的施工工法,得到如下结论。
(1)就拱顶下沉位移而言,双侧壁导坑法开挖引起的拱顶下沉位移较小。双侧壁导坑法监测点平均沉降位移和交叉中隔壁法相比减小8.72%,和台阶法相比减小12.78%。
(2)就地表沉降位移而言,三种工法开挖引起的地表沉降槽均为“U”形,双侧壁导坑法地表沉降位移为4.09 mm,比交叉中隔壁法可减小最大地表沉降值的3.76%,相比台阶法可减小10.89%。
(3)双侧壁导坑法能更好地控制围岩变形,支护刚度较大,台阶法的支护结构应力最小。综合考虑围岩位移和支护结构稳定性,双侧壁导坑法安全可靠度最高,推荐使用双侧壁导坑法作为浅埋软岩大断面隧道开挖工法。
  • 城区人工填山浅埋隧道建设关键技术(2023-引导-10)
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2025年第25卷第10期
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  • 接收时间:2024-11-11
  • 首发时间:2025-07-09
  • 出版时间:2025-05-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-11-11
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城区人工填山浅埋隧道建设关键技术(2023-引导-10)
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    中铁十局集团第一工程有限公司, 济南 250000
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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Genus
种数
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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