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Article(id=1324320319086920355, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, issueId=1324320221309313194, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2026.07.00035, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=1, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1783526400000, receivedDateStr=2026-07-09, revisedDate=1789660800000, revisedDateStr=2026-09-18, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793672168751, onlineDateStr=2026-11-03, pubDate=1790524800000, pubDateStr=2026-09-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793672168751, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-03, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793672168751, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1794549652550, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1324320221309313194, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, year='2026', volume='44', issue='18', pageStart='1', pageEnd='180', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1790524800000', pubDateStr='2026-09-28', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793672145439, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793673806843, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1324327189847605469, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, issueId=1324320221309313194, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1324327189847605470, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, issueId=1324320221309313194, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=32, endPage=38, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1324320319313412772, articleId=1324320319086920355, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, language=EN, title=Operational performance and prospects of the Chinese Meridian Project, columnId=1150494642224591153, journalTitle=Science & Technology Review, columnName=Exclusive, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Chinese Meridian Project is dedicated to monitoring the chain of changes in the Sun–Earth space environment, enhancing the capability of autonomous space weather forecasting, and meeting the national demand for space security assurance. As the world's most extensive ground−based comprehensive monitoring network for the space environment in terms of coverage, parameter diversity, and overall capability, the Meridian Project has driven leapfrog advancements in China's ground−based space environment monitoring capabilities, indigenous innovation in monitoring technologies, and data service capacities. This paper reviews these transformative developments, elucidates the project's significant contributions to institutionalized fundamental research in space weather in China, and outlines three future development directions—— "consolidating the foundation, empowering applications, and expanding the network".

, authors=Chi WANG, Jia LIU*, Jiangyan WANG, Jiamei QIN, Zhiqing CHEN, Quanlin FAN, authorsList=Chi WANG, Jia LIU, Jiangyan WANG, Jiamei QIN, Zhiqing CHEN, Quanlin FAN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Jia LIU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=All rights reserved. Unauthorized reproduction is prohibited., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1324320320504595115, articleId=1324320319086920355, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, language=CN, title=子午工程运行成效及展望, columnId=1150494644438708440, journalTitle=科技导报, columnName=本刊专稿, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

子午工程是目前国际上“覆盖范围最广、监测参数最全、综合能力最强”的空间环境地基综合监测网，旨在监测日地空间环境连锁变化，提升自主空间天气预报水平，满足保障太空安全的国家需求。综述了子午工程为中国空间环境地基监测能力、监测技术自主创新水平、监测数据服务能力等带来的跨越式发展，阐明了依托子午工程对中国空间天气建制化基础研究的重要贡献，并展望了子午工程在“固本、赋能、拓圈”3个方面的发展方向，即夯实建制化基础研究的根基，持续服务国家重大需求；实现人工智能赋能，激发科技创新新活力；启动国际子午圈国际大科学计划，全面引领国际空间科学研究的新征程。

, authors=王赤, 刘佳*, 王江燕, 秦佳媚, 陈志青, 范全林, authorsList=王赤, 刘佳, 王江燕, 秦佳媚, 陈志青, 范全林, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=刘佳, authorNote=

王赤，研究员，中国科学院院士，研究方向为空间物理和空间天气，电子信箱：

, correspAuthorsNote=
刘佳（通信作者），高级工程师，研究方向为国家重大科技基础设施建设和运行，电子信箱：
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王赤，研究员，中国科学院院士，研究方向为空间物理和空间天气，电子信箱：

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名称综合性能监测参数监测设备种类监测范围
注：“圈层”是指地球到太阳系之间空间环境，按照距地高度和物理特性划分为中高层大气层、电离层、磁层、太阳−行星际空间。
美国空间天气计划地基监测网（National space weather program，NSWP）4圈层23类中子监测仪等18种高、中、低纬
加拿大地球空间监测计划（Canadian geospace monitoring，CGSM）3圈层12类高频相干散射雷达等6种高纬
日本地磁监测链（magnetic data acquisition system，MAGDAS）单圈层1类磁通门磁力仪等3种中纬
巴西地基监测网（Brazilian study and monitoring of space weather，EMBRACE）2圈层6类电离层测高仪等3种中、低纬
俄罗斯远东监测台链（Russian Far East ground−based observational chain，IZMIRAN）3圈层8类磁通门磁力仪等4种高、中纬
子午工程（CMP）5圈层40类圆环阵太阳射电成像望远镜等44种高、中、低纬
), ArticleFig(id=1324320328687682263, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1324320319086920355, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

子午工程与国际同类装置对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
名称综合性能监测参数监测设备种类监测范围
注：“圈层”是指地球到太阳系之间空间环境，按照距地高度和物理特性划分为中高层大气层、电离层、磁层、太阳−行星际空间。
美国空间天气计划地基监测网（National space weather program，NSWP）4圈层23类中子监测仪等18种高、中、低纬
加拿大地球空间监测计划（Canadian geospace monitoring，CGSM）3圈层12类高频相干散射雷达等6种高纬
日本地磁监测链（magnetic data acquisition system，MAGDAS）单圈层1类磁通门磁力仪等3种中纬
巴西地基监测网（Brazilian study and monitoring of space weather，EMBRACE）2圈层6类电离层测高仪等3种中、低纬
俄罗斯远东监测台链（Russian Far East ground−based observational chain，IZMIRAN）3圈层8类磁通门磁力仪等4种高、中纬
子午工程（CMP）5圈层40类圆环阵太阳射电成像望远镜等44种高、中、低纬
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子午工程运行成效及展望
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王赤 , 刘佳 * , 王江燕 , 秦佳媚 , 陈志青 , 范全林
科技导报 | 本刊专稿 2026,44(18): 32-38
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科技导报 |本刊专稿 2026 , 44 (18) : 32 -38
子午工程运行成效及展望
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王赤 , 刘佳* , 王江燕, 秦佳媚, 陈志青, 范全林
作者信息
  • 中国科学院国家空间科学中心，北京 100190
通讯作者:
刘佳（通信作者），高级工程师，研究方向为国家重大科技基础设施建设和运行，电子信箱：
作者简介:

王赤，研究员，中国科学院院士，研究方向为空间物理和空间天气，电子信箱：

Operational performance and prospects of the Chinese Meridian Project
Chi WANG , Jia LIU* , Jiangyan WANG, Jiamei QIN, Zhiqing CHEN, Quanlin FAN
Affiliations
  • National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
出版时间: 2026-09-28 doi: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2026.07.00035
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摘要
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子午工程是目前国际上“覆盖范围最广、监测参数最全、综合能力最强”的空间环境地基综合监测网，旨在监测日地空间环境连锁变化，提升自主空间天气预报水平，满足保障太空安全的国家需求。综述了子午工程为中国空间环境地基监测能力、监测技术自主创新水平、监测数据服务能力等带来的跨越式发展，阐明了依托子午工程对中国空间天气建制化基础研究的重要贡献，并展望了子午工程在“固本、赋能、拓圈”3个方面的发展方向，即夯实建制化基础研究的根基，持续服务国家重大需求；实现人工智能赋能，激发科技创新新活力；启动国际子午圈国际大科学计划，全面引领国际空间科学研究的新征程。

日地空间  /  空间天气  /  子午工程  /  空间环境地基监测

Chinese Meridian Project is dedicated to monitoring the chain of changes in the Sun–Earth space environment, enhancing the capability of autonomous space weather forecasting, and meeting the national demand for space security assurance. As the world's most extensive ground−based comprehensive monitoring network for the space environment in terms of coverage, parameter diversity, and overall capability, the Meridian Project has driven leapfrog advancements in China's ground−based space environment monitoring capabilities, indigenous innovation in monitoring technologies, and data service capacities. This paper reviews these transformative developments, elucidates the project's significant contributions to institutionalized fundamental research in space weather in China, and outlines three future development directions—— "consolidating the foundation, empowering applications, and expanding the network".

Sun–Earth space  /  space weather  /  Meridian Project  /  ground−based space environment monitoring
王赤, 刘佳, 王江燕, 秦佳媚, 陈志青, 范全林. 子午工程运行成效及展望. 科技导报, 2026 , 44 (18) : 32 -38 . DOI: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2026.07.00035
Chi WANG, Jia LIU, Jiangyan WANG, Jiamei QIN, Zhiqing CHEN, Quanlin FAN. Operational performance and prospects of the Chinese Meridian Project[J]. Science & Technology Review, 2026 , 44 (18) : 32 -38 . DOI: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2026.07.00035
正文
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进入21世纪以来，空间环境已被广泛视为继陆地、海洋、大气之外的人类“第四生存环境”，大约有20%~25%的航天器故障与空间环境有关。空间环境地基综合监测网（Chinese Meridian Project，CMP，简称子午工程）由中国科学家于20世纪90年代提出，并于1997年列入国家重大科学工程[1]。它旨在监测日地空间环境连锁变化，探索日地空间整体变化及背后的机理，提升自主空间天气预报水平，满足保障国家太空安全、抢占空间科技制高点的时代要求。
子午工程按照“分步走”的思路建成了一期和二期工程。一期工程于2008年正式开工建设，2012年竣工[2]；二期工程于2019年开工建设，2025年3月通过国家验收，目前与一期工程一体化运行，形成沿100°E和120°E，30°N和40°N“井”字型布局的监测架构。工程共部署了31个台站、96个观测点，282台/套监测设备，具备对中国和南、北极上空的全圈层、立体式综合监测能力[3]（图1）。
目前，子午工程进入高质量运行发展阶段，不断带动中国空间天气基础科学原始创新能力大幅提升，在重要期刊发表学术论文700余篇，取得一系列原创成果；面向国家重大需求，持续为中国重大航天活动提供可靠、自主的空间环境监测数据和预报服务。
1 实现空间环境地基监测国际领先
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子午工程建设了一系列先进的太阳‒行星际监测设备，形成对日地空间全链条的监测能力；采用地磁、无线电、光学等手段，对中国上空的电离层、中高层大气、地磁形成网络化的监测能力；在极区高纬、北方中纬、海南（南方）低纬、青藏高原4个重点区域建设国际先进的大型设备，开展对空间环境的精细“显微”监测。创新的“一链三网四聚焦”总体架构首次实现了对日地空间环境探测从覆盖广度、技术深度到探测精度的多维度突破，成为目前国际上覆盖范围最广、监测参数最全、综合能力最强的空间环境地基综合监测网（表1）。
子午工程成功建成了一批旗舰型设备，从方案设计、技术研发到关键技术攻关实现全过程国产化，且重要的技术指标达到国际领先水平。
圆环阵太阳射电成像望远镜（Daocheng radio telescope，DART）建设地点在四川省稻城县，是全球规模最大的综合孔径成像望远镜，原创性地提出了基于中央定标结合多环相位定标的实时系统级定标方案，突破了单通道多环绝对相位定标等核心关键技术，具备了最大视场达10个太阳半径的连续稳定的太阳射电成像与频谱观测能力，实现了对太阳活动的高质量实时成像[4]（图2）。
三站式非相干散射雷达（Sanya incoherent scatter radar，SYISR）主站建设地点在海南省三亚市，是世界首套相控阵体制的三站式非相干散射雷达系统，突破了低系统噪声温度、多站共体协同探测等关键技术[5]。它首次实现了低纬地区电离层电场和中性大气风场剖面的常态化监测，具有持续观测、全空域覆盖、局部空间快速扫描等新优势，是美国先进模块化非相干散射雷达（advanced modular incoherent scatter radar，AMISR）接收信噪比的6倍[6]。
阵列式大口径激光雷达（array large aperture lidar，ALAL）建设地点在海南省儋州市，是全球探测能力最强的亚稳态氦原子探测激光雷达。它突破了高功率1083 nm脉冲激光、阵列式大口径望远镜组合接收等关键技术，国际首次实现了针对200~1000 km高度亚稳态氦原子探测，且在同等条件下氦原子的探测密度比国际同类设备高2个数量级[7]。
行星际闪烁监测望远镜（interplanetary scintillation observation telescope，IPS）建设地点在内蒙古自治区正镶白旗，是中国首台专门用于行星际闪烁监测的射电望远镜，国际首次采用了三站双频的观测模式，突破了超大型可动抛物柱面天线的高精度同步控制等关键技术，其接收面积比印度Ooty望远镜（目前国际最大）多6%，可将探测日心距离扩展至20~200个太阳半径[8]。
北方中纬高频雷达（Chinese dual auroral radar network，CN−DARN）建设地点分别在新疆维吾尔族自治区和静县、内蒙古自治区四子王旗、吉林省龙井市，采用三站式协同工作模式，突破了所有阵元高精度独立测控技术，实现南北纵深超4000 km，东西跨度超1×104 km的亚洲扇区中高纬电离层环境的连续监测，填补了亚洲扇区电离层探测空白区[9]。
子午工程不仅建成了“一链三网四聚焦”架构的监测设备部署体系，而且能够自主获取297种全圈层覆盖的监测数据产品体系，年数据获取量5 PB。监测数据的时间分辨率提升至分钟级，空间分辨率提升至米级。每日能够稳定完成282台监测设备的实时数据汇集，单日传输数据量高达10 TB，整体传输能力实现了4个量级的跨越式提升[10]；数据传输延迟时间从子午工程一期的不超过15 h缩减至目前的不超过15 min，真正做到了准实时连续传输[3]。
子午工程日数据处理能力超过10 TB，且单个监测数据文件的规范化审核与解析处理时效性均达到分钟量级；支持1100余种复杂监测数据文件的规范化审核，可高效完成55类核心数据产品的解析处理与快视图自动化生产；同时，能够生成涵盖编目类、指数类、图形类及均值类等在内的30种交叉融合数据产品[11]。
目前，子午工程已累计服务国内外单位或部门360余家、用户3600余名。自2025年3月以来，工程已为业务用户实时推送数据4 PB；向科研人员和公众开放共享数据700 TB，累计用户下载量1 PB[12]。
2 带动空间天气基础研究跨越发展
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依托子午工程自主监测数据，中国空间天气基础科学研究围绕空间环境的“传输路径—区域特征—圈层耦合—预报保障”这一主线任务，开展前沿科学探索，取得了一系列原始科学创新。
1） 建立了从太阳活动爆发到近地空间极端响应的完整因果链条。
子午工程在山东荣成槎山站建成的太阳射电频谱系统（Chashan broadband solar radio spectrometer，CBSm），为研究太阳源头爆发的辐射机制提供了射电频谱观测数据。基于CBSm数据，Li等[13]发现了一种新型“珠状条链”太阳射电暴频谱精细结构，可用于诊断辐射源密度、磁场等重要参数。Yang等[14]自动识别和分析了10万量级Ⅰ型爆发，总结了其寿命、带宽、偏振及爆发链的亚秒级周期特征，为约束Ⅰ型暴相应粒子加速与辐射机制提供了新依据。
IPS望远镜是子午工程日地监测链中承上启下的唯一的行星际监测设备。利用该设备，Fan等[15]基于扩散模型生成式AI校准方法即相控阵对准扩散算法（phased array alignment diffusion algorithm，PANDA），调控数模混合波束合成链路，实现在动态扰动条件下的相控阵馈源校准。Xiong等[16]利用该设备探测到来自3C446类星体的双极化IPS信号并标定太阳风速度，实现了24个太阳半径处太阳风速度遥测。与此同时，子午工程连续、多手段、大范围的监测为研究近地空间对太阳活动剧烈爆发的响应机理提供了有利手段。
耀斑是太阳上最剧烈的活动现象之一，伴随着突然增强的X射线和极紫外（extreme ultraviolet，EUV）辐射。基于子午工程等多源电离层和地磁观测数据，Liu等[17]首次给出了耀斑后相显著影响电离层电子密度的直接证据。Liu等[18]进一步利用全球200多个地磁观测台站数据并结合模拟结果，发现耀斑EUV后相可以影响电离层电流体系。
磁暴是太阳爆发引发的地球空间环境剧烈变化现象。2024年5月发生的超级磁暴是近20年来最强地磁暴，引发电离层环境剧烈扰动。针对此次磁暴事件，子午团队[19]清晰展示了磁暴期间电离层电子密度的巨大降幅和明显的南北半球不对称特征，并证实了电离层负暴导致短波通信信号中断的现象。
2） 刻画了极区高纬、北方中纬、海南低纬等重点区域的精细结构特征。
极区是太阳风物质和能量注入地球空间的主要区域。Zhang等[20]在地磁环境极端平静的条件下，在地球北极磁极点电离层上方发现了一种类似台风的现象，并将其命名为“太空台风”（图3[20]）。Lu等[21]和Xiu等[22]首次揭示了太空台风伴随增强的对流电场和焦耳加热，进而加热局地电离层/热层，形成离子上行现象，扰动极区热层激发重力波。Lu等[23]通过统计南半球太空台风的发生规律、时空分布特征和等离子体特性，进一步证实了太空台风的尾瓣重联机制。
北方中纬衔接极区和低纬，是高中低纬耦合与扰动传播的重要区域。依托CN−DARN的连续观测，Zhang等[24]发现该雷达完整捕捉到罕见的晨侧亚极光区极化流（subauroral polarization streams，SAPS）的时空演化过程，并发现其加速过程与极光亮度增强存在直接物理关联；明确了强磁暴期间，由亚极光区物理过程引发的高速电离层不规则体，会侵袭中国空域并扰动区域电离层环境；同时量化了极光活动对亚洲区域短波通信的影响程度。利用CN−DARN雷达和6部国际SuperDARN雷达共12部高频雷达，Zhao等[25]成功开展了强磁暴期间昏侧与晨侧两类SAPS的同步大范围高时空分辨率观测，厘清了两类SAPS在空间分布、时间演化及形成条件上的关键差异。
低纬地区是地球恶劣空间天气现象发生最频繁的区域之一。Zhang等[26]利用非相干散射雷达发展了电离层电场和风场的反演算法，为电离层动力学和低纬大气层−电离层−磁层耦合研究提供了全新的数据源。Yue等[27]首次在超高频（ultra high frequency，UHF）波段观测到150 km回波异常现象，为东亚电离层区域特性研究提供重要的探测基础。Hu等[28]利用低纬高频雷达首次描绘了赤道等离子体泡在印度洋上空起源，并且在东西方向大范围漂移演化，造成影响中国南海区域的完整图像。
3） 揭示了地球空间不同圈层之间物质和能量耦合的因果链联系。
依托子午工程建成的多高度监测设备，科研人员进一步深化了对地球多圈层间耦合关系和过程的研究。利用武汉和北京中间层−平流层−对流层雷达（mesosphere–stratosphere–troposphere radar，MST）的观测数据，Li等[29]首次发现了亚暴事件通过焦耳加热影响中纬度中间层—低热层（mesosphere–lower thermosphere，MLT）区大气风场的直接证据，将地磁活动对地球空间的影响推进至中纬度低热层大气。
地震发生期间能量从震中释放出来，震中附近地面的垂直振动激发大气中的声波和重力波，可以一直向上传播到电离层F区。在2008年汶川地震和2015年尼泊尔地震发生后，Zhao等[30]、Liu等[31]发现了由地震产生的特殊类型的电离层强烈扰动，为岩石圈−大气层−电离层之间存在能量耦合提供了一个新的有力证据。
在中高层大气中，潮汐和重力波是重要的大气波动，是低层大气和中高层大气跨圈层耦合的关键性媒介。Wu等[32]研究发现周期性赤道等离子体泡的间距与台风期间产生的重力波水平波长相似，表明赤道等离子体泡的产生与台风产生的重力波相联系，揭示了台风引起的大气波动向上传播影响电离层的过程。Li等[33]首次观测到大范围长距离传播的大气重力波模式，研究发现这些重力波是由汤加火山爆发引发的海啸与大气相互作用产生的。
4） 填补了中国区域近地空间环境重要参数探测空白，推动了预报模型的发展。
基于子午工程的全球卫星导航系统（global navigation satellite system，GNSS）电离层总电子含量（total electron content，TEC）与闪烁监测仪的观测数据，Yang等[34]构建卷积长短期记忆（convolutional long short−term memory，ConvLSTM）网络TEC预报模型（空间分辨率为5°×2.5°，时间分辨率1 h），该模型对电离层TEC的1~3 d预报误差相比IRI−Plas模型显著降低。
Gao等[35]提出了一种基于动态时空分解框架的电离层闪烁预测方法。该研究可以提前1 h预报低纬地区电离层闪烁指数的分布，可为其他空间天气事件中复杂动态系统的建模提供参考。
当太阳风暴袭击地球时，受到剧烈扰动的地球磁场会在地球表面产生感应电势，进而在地面电网中产生地磁感应电流（geomagnetically induced current，GIC），威胁电网的安全运行。Wang等[36]研究了2024年“母亲节”强磁暴期间中国区域地磁场响应特征，清晰揭示了强磁暴事件对中国区域地磁场的扰动特征及其对蒙东地区电网的影响机制，充分体现了子午工程大面积覆盖的监测能力，为未来地磁暴风险评估和极端空间天气防护提供了重要科学支撑。
3 展望
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子午工程作为中国首个网络式大科学装置[37]，中国科学院国家空间科学中心作为项目法人单位，团结15个单位，坚持“矢志创新、攻坚克难、协同聚力、开放共享”的子午精神，实现了中国空间环境地基监测水平从跟跑、并跑到领跑的跨越，彻底改变了中国空间天气研究依赖国外监测数据的历史局面，原创科学研究成果开始呈现井喷态势。未来，子午工程将继续深化建制化研究，以“固本、赋能、拓圈”为发展方向。
固本，即通过组建核心科学家和核心技术专家团组，夯实建制化基础研究的根基，持续强化重大科学问题牵引，主动服务国家重大需求。子午工程自一期运行以来，保障了嫦娥工程、天问系列等重大航天任务的空间环境预报和预警服务近百次。特别是利用自主监测数据构建的自主地磁行星三小时磁情指数Kp、行星等效日振幅指数Ap、磁暴时环电流指数Dst指数预报模型，支持提前2~3 d的空间环境预报，其时效性及准确性均处于国际领先水平；利用自主数据构建中国区域自主高精度电离层预报模式，可以实现提前24 h的电离层电子密度预报，降低了导航水平定位误差47%。随着子午工程的全面建成并投入运行，面向太空经济高速发展的新形势，将持续聚焦子午工程的科学目标和年度科学专题开展建制化、体系化攻关，面向国家重大任务和太空经济新业态拓展应用服务的深度与广度[38]。
赋能，即抓住AI驱动的科学研究（AI for Science）机遇，深入挖掘子午工程海量历史数据溢出价值，以AI驱动空间天气大模型，继续保持中国在空间环境地基监测领域的国际地位[39]。数百台监测设备如何准确适配多变的环境开展高效的协同观测，海量的观测科学数据如何进行深度挖掘、产生更好的效益，是子午工程面临的重大挑战。在人工智能飞速发展的当下，这也是重要的机遇。子午工程将通过深度挖掘监测数据，开展空间天气现象智能检测和特征识别，形成空间天气因果链语料数据集，实现AI−Ready；进而发展耦合“太阳−行星际−地球空间”的、机理与数据驱动的全球空间天气AI预报模型，并融合AI数据同化与校正技术，实现空间天气的快速精准预报。实现AI赋能子午工程，必将激发科技创新新活力和重大应用新突破，使得子午工程空间环境地基监测能力迈上数字化、智能化的新台阶。
拓圈，是以建制化奠定的强大基础为依托，以开放共享的姿态，邀请世界各国共同应对空间天气灾害的挑战；着力推动国际子午圈国际大科学计划，全面引领国际空间科学研究的新征程[40]。国际子午圈计划是以子午工程为基础，建立地球唯一、陆地最完整的120°E和60°W子午圈，增设30°E欧非链填补非洲空白，旨在“构建日地系统全球监测链，解码空间天气过程与规律”。未来，子午工程以及国际子午圈大科学计划的实施，并与中国天基空间环境探测开展天地一体化协同监测，发起或主导针对特定全球性科学问题（如经度效应、半球不对称性）的国际联测，使中国区域的观测成为解决全球性科学问题的核心支点，以中国科学家为主导的中国方案成为解码全球空间天气过程与规律的主力军，从“贡献数据”迈向“设定议题、引领研究”，将全面引领国际空间科学研究的新征程。

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2026年第44卷第18期
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doi: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2026.07.00035
  • 接收时间：2026-07-09
  • 首发时间：2026-11-03
  • 出版时间：2026-09-28
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  • 收稿日期：2026-07-09
  • 修回日期：2026-09-18
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    中国科学院国家空间科学中心，北京 100190

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刘佳（通信作者），高级工程师，研究方向为国家重大科技基础设施建设和运行，电子信箱：
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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