Article(id=1317089715631801074, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, issueId=1317089654613070048, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2025.10.00031, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1760025600000, receivedDateStr=2025-10-10, revisedDate=1774195200000, revisedDateStr=2026-03-23, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1791948258550, onlineDateStr=2026-10-14, pubDate=1789228800000, pubDateStr=2026-09-13, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1791948258550, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-14, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1791948258550, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1791948258550, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1317089654613070048, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, year='2026', volume='44', issue='17', pageStart='1', pageEnd='140', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1789228800000', pubDateStr='2026-09-13', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1791948244002, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1791948304422, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1317089908171322237, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, issueId=1317089654613070048, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1317089908171322238, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, issueId=1317089654613070048, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=75, endPage=80, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1317089715845710579, articleId=1317089715631801074, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, language=EN, title=Research on the application of satellite remote sensing in light pollution prevention and control, columnId=1150494642224591153, journalTitle=Science & Technology Review, columnName=Exclusive, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

With the rapid development of urbanization, the problem of light pollution is becoming increasingly prominent and receiving widespread attention from the whole society. Satellite remote sensing, due to its technological advantages such as large−scale continuous dynamic observation, has become an important technical means for monitoring and regulating light pollution. This article analyzes the existing problems and challenges in three aspects: stereoscopic detection capability, monitoring and assessment analysis, and precise source tracing applications through satellite remote sensing monitoring in light pollution regulation and prevention. It also proposes that in the future, by improving the standard system for light pollution monitoring and evaluation, optimizing the three−dimensional monitoring network, and developing intelligent traceability technology, China's urban light pollution satellite remote sensing monitoring and supervision capabilities can be further enhanced to support zoning control and targeted governance of light pollution.

, authors=Hui CHEN, Pengfei MA, Yazhen DAI*, Yi YANG, Jiantao DONG, Linhan CHEN, authorsList=Hui CHEN, Pengfei MA, Yazhen DAI, Yi YANG, Jiantao DONG, Linhan CHEN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yazhen DAI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=All rights reserved. Unauthorized reproduction is prohibited., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1317089716508410612, articleId=1317089715631801074, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, language=CN, title=卫星遥感在光污染防治中的应用研究, columnId=1150494642375586098, journalTitle=科技导报, columnName=特色专题, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

随着城镇化的快速发展,光污染问题日益突出并越来越受到全社会广泛重视,而卫星遥感由于大范围连续动态观测等技术优势成为光污染监测监管的重要技术手段。通过梳理卫星遥感监测光污染监管和防治中的发展及应用情况,剖析了现存的立体探测能力、监测评估分析、精准溯源应用3个方面的问题和挑战,并提出了未来通过完善光污染监测评估标准体系、优化立体监测网络和发展智能溯源技术等途径,进一步提升中国城市光污染卫星遥感监测监管能力,支撑光污染分区管控和靶向治理。

, authors=陈辉, 马鹏飞, 代亚贞*, 杨艺, 董鉴韬, 陈琳涵, authorsList=陈辉, 马鹏飞, 代亚贞, 杨艺, 董鉴韬, 陈琳涵, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=代亚贞, authorNote=

陈辉,高级工程师,研究方向为环境遥感监测,电子信箱:

, correspAuthorsNote=
代亚贞(通信作者),工程师,研究方向为生态环境遥感监测,电子信箱:
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陈辉,高级工程师,研究方向为环境遥感监测,电子信箱:

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卫星载荷名称国家采样周期空间分辨率/m发射年份主要特征
DMSPF10/OLS美国每天1次10001992首代业务化夜光卫星,辐射量化能力有限
EROS−B以色列—0.72006首颗具备高分辨率夜光遥感能力的商业卫星
Suomi NPP−VIIRS美国每天1次7502011动态范围提升,支持月光校正
“吉林一号”中国16天1次0.92017商业高分辨率,亚米级
“珞珈一号中国16天1次1302018全球首颗专业夜间灯光遥感卫星
“科学卫星1号”
(SDGSAT−1)
中国11天1次10 全色/
40 RGB
2021同时获取10 m全色与40 m彩色微光影像
), ArticleFig(id=1317089721365414681, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1317089715631801074, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

卫星遥感在国内外光污染监测中的应用情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
卫星载荷名称国家采样周期空间分辨率/m发射年份主要特征
DMSPF10/OLS美国每天1次10001992首代业务化夜光卫星,辐射量化能力有限
EROS−B以色列—0.72006首颗具备高分辨率夜光遥感能力的商业卫星
Suomi NPP−VIIRS美国每天1次7502011动态范围提升,支持月光校正
“吉林一号”中国16天1次0.92017商业高分辨率,亚米级
“珞珈一号中国16天1次1302018全球首颗专业夜间灯光遥感卫星
“科学卫星1号”
(SDGSAT−1)
中国11天1次10 全色/
40 RGB
2021同时获取10 m全色与40 m彩色微光影像
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陈辉 , 马鹏飞 , 代亚贞 * , 杨艺 , 董鉴韬 , 陈琳涵
科技导报 | 特色专题 2026,44(17): 75-80
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卫星遥感在光污染防治中的应用研究
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陈辉 , 马鹏飞, 代亚贞* , 杨艺, 董鉴韬, 陈琳涵
作者信息
  • 生态环境部卫星环境应用中心,北京 100094
通讯作者:
代亚贞(通信作者),工程师,研究方向为生态环境遥感监测,电子信箱:
作者简介:

陈辉,高级工程师,研究方向为环境遥感监测,电子信箱:

Research on the application of satellite remote sensing in light pollution prevention and control
Hui CHEN , Pengfei MA, Yazhen DAI* , Yi YANG, Jiantao DONG, Linhan CHEN
Affiliations
  • Satellite Environmental Application Center of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100094, China
出版时间: 2026-09-13 doi: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2025.10.00031
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随着城镇化的快速发展,光污染问题日益突出并越来越受到全社会广泛重视,而卫星遥感由于大范围连续动态观测等技术优势成为光污染监测监管的重要技术手段。通过梳理卫星遥感监测光污染监管和防治中的发展及应用情况,剖析了现存的立体探测能力、监测评估分析、精准溯源应用3个方面的问题和挑战,并提出了未来通过完善光污染监测评估标准体系、优化立体监测网络和发展智能溯源技术等途径,进一步提升中国城市光污染卫星遥感监测监管能力,支撑光污染分区管控和靶向治理。

光污染  /  卫星遥感  /  监测评估  /  污染溯源

With the rapid development of urbanization, the problem of light pollution is becoming increasingly prominent and receiving widespread attention from the whole society. Satellite remote sensing, due to its technological advantages such as large−scale continuous dynamic observation, has become an important technical means for monitoring and regulating light pollution. This article analyzes the existing problems and challenges in three aspects: stereoscopic detection capability, monitoring and assessment analysis, and precise source tracing applications through satellite remote sensing monitoring in light pollution regulation and prevention. It also proposes that in the future, by improving the standard system for light pollution monitoring and evaluation, optimizing the three−dimensional monitoring network, and developing intelligent traceability technology, China's urban light pollution satellite remote sensing monitoring and supervision capabilities can be further enhanced to support zoning control and targeted governance of light pollution.

light pollution  /  satellite remote sensing  /  monitoring and evaluation  /  source tracing of pollution
陈辉, 马鹏飞, 代亚贞, 杨艺, 董鉴韬, 陈琳涵. 卫星遥感在光污染防治中的应用研究. 科技导报, 2026 , 44 (17) : 75 -80 . DOI: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2025.10.00031
Hui CHEN, Pengfei MA, Yazhen DAI, Yi YANG, Jiantao DONG, Linhan CHEN. Research on the application of satellite remote sensing in light pollution prevention and control[J]. Science & Technology Review, 2026 , 44 (17) : 75 -80 . DOI: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2025.10.00031
随着全球城市化的加速,城市夜间照明设施的快速发展给人类带来极大便利,但也引发了一系列问题。经全国科学技术名词审定委员会审定,过量的光辐射对人类生活和生产环境造成不良影响的现象,即为光污染,包括可见光、红外线和紫外线光污染造成的污染。光污染问题最早于20世纪30年代由国际天文界提出,认为光污染是城市室外照明使天空发亮造成对天文观测的负面影响。光污染是继废气、废水、废渣和噪声等污染之后的一种新型环境污染源,主要包括白亮污染、人工白昼污染和彩光污染,表现为天空辉光、眩光、光侵扰和杂乱光等。
一些学者对光污染进行了系列深入研究。最初,由于传统地面测量技术的局限性,研究多采用天空质量仪(sky quality meter,SQM)、照度计等设备地面实测收集光环境的照度或亮度等参数,主要表征局地尺度小范围光环境分布特征[1]。随着地面监测设备的更新和迭代,可监测的光环境参数越来越丰富,监测效率也得以快速提升,进而更全面反映区域光环境分布特征。机载遥感、星载遥感等技术的发展升级,以及交叉学科研究等概念的提出,为城市光环境研究提供更多研究手段和研究新视角。近年来,卫星遥感技术不断发展,凭借大范围、高时效、动态连续等优势,成为光污染监测的重要技术手段。本文从卫星遥感技术在城市光污染领域的研究进展、发展趋势以及面临的挑战进行总结分析,提出对策建议,为中国开展城市光污染监测治理提供参考。
自20世纪70年代起,美国国防气象卫星计划(defense meteorological satellite program,DMSP)搭载的线性扫描业务系统(operational line−scan system,OLS),原本设计用于捕捉夜间云层反射的微弱月光并获取夜间云层分布,意外捕捉到城镇地表夜间发出的灯光,开启夜间灯光卫星应用的时代[2]。1992年美国国家海洋和大气管理局(National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,NOAA)的国家地球科学数据中心(National Geophysical Data Center,NGDC)创建了DMSP−OLS数据的数字档案,可提供目前世界上最长时间序列(1992—2013年)的夜光遥感图像。2006年4月,以色列成功发射EROS−B卫星,使得夜间灯光遥感影像空间分辨率直接由公里级跨越到亚米级(0.7 m),为夜光遥感数据提供了新来源。2012年,美国国家极轨业务环境卫星系统(national polar−orbiting partnership,NPP)搭载了可见光红外成像辐射仪(visible infrared imaging radiometer suite,VIIRS),幅宽达3000 km,分辨率达到750 m,配备了DNB(day−night band)波段,继承了DMSP上OLS传感器的微光探测能力,增强了探测敏感度、提高了空间分辨率,同年4月开始提供新一代夜间灯光遥感数据。该数据的出现相对于DMSP−OLS数据在空间、时间和辐射分辨率等方面得到了提升,进一步扩展了夜间灯光遥感的研究方向和应用领域[3],也是目前光污染遥感监测应用最为广泛的数据产品之一[4]。
随着中国环境污染防治工作的不断推进,近15年来社会对城市光污染也越来越关注。自2017年以来,中国陆续发射了具有夜间灯光探测能力的多颗高分辨率卫星,进一步拓展夜间灯光遥感的数据来源。其中,“吉林一号”视频3星(JL1−3B)于2017年1月成功发射,是中国自主研发的具有夜间灯光探测能力的卫星,搭载的传感器可以机动灵活地获取夜间灯光遥感数据,一次成像可以基本覆盖一个中型城市区域,具备较高的业务应用能力。与DMSP−OLS、NPP−VIIRS夜间灯光遥感数据相比,“吉林一号”视频3星夜间灯光遥感数据的优势在于具有较高的空间分辨率(0.9 m),而且其成像仪具有红、绿、蓝3个可见光波段,可进一步捕捉夜光污染在不同波段的变化细节特征[5],适用于精细化光污染研究。2018年6月,武汉大学“珞珈一号”科学试验卫星研发团队自主研发了全球首颗专业夜间灯光遥感卫星“珞珈一号”01星(LJ−01),理想条件下可在15 d内绘制完成全球夜光影像,空间分辨率为130 m,远优于现在广泛应用的DMSP−OLS和NPP−VIIRS[6]。2021年11月,针对可持续发展目标的监测与评估需求,中国自主研制了全球首颗专门服务联合国2030年可持续发展议程的“科学卫星1号”(SDGSAT−1),也是中国科学院首颗地球科学卫星。该星搭载了热红外、微光和多谱段成像仪3个有效载荷,其中微光成像仪设计有1个全色波段和3个彩色波段,全色和彩色微光数据的空间分辨率分为10、40 m,开创了彩色微光遥感探测的先河,为大尺度夜间灯光分类提供了数据基础。多颗夜光探测卫星的先后发射,标志着中国的夜间灯光卫星研究进入了快速发展阶段,其较高空间分辨率的夜间灯光遥感影像为城市光污染监测研究带来新的契机。
现阶段卫星遥感监测光污染已形成以美国VIIRS系列为主,中国“吉林一号”“珞珈一号”/SDGSAT−1等高分辨率微光卫星为辅的全球观测体系,实现从“区域夜光亮图”向“街区级定量反演”的跨越(表1)。监测数据显示全球夜光总体缓增、局部因控光政策变暗,研究正迈向空天地一体化的定量化遥感监测,但LED(light emitting diode)短波响应不足与高重访定标难仍是主要瓶颈。
随着多源夜间灯光遥感数据的持续积累,广大研究学者开发了城市光强可视化分析数据集及相关分析工具,并在生态环境和健康领域得到多方面的应用。
国内外多源卫星积累了大量的夜光遥感监测数据集,围绕不同尺度、不同区域和不同时段等多个维度,夜光遥感监测数据被用来结合地理信息系统绘制全球、区域或城市尺度光污染强度时空分布专题图,极大地丰富了人们对光污染的直观认识。如Falchi等[7]利用NPP−VIIRS夜间灯光遥感月合成数据产品绘制了全球范围内的光污染分布图,并量化分析发现全球80%以上的人口暴露于受光污染影响的环境中,引发广泛关注。Liu等[8]采用时间序列夜光遥感数据研究城市内部结构,并利用DMSP−OLS、NPP−VIIRS这2种遥感卫星数据时序性、易获取的特点,分析1992—2000年全国城市夜间灯光演变机制,通过一元线性回归分析构建长时间序列全国城市夜间灯光的变化趋势分布特征,同时从时间和空间变化2个维度,在全国、分区和城市3个尺度分析夜间灯光的演变特征[9−10]。Han等[11]利用DMSP−OLS夜间灯光遥感年合成数据对中国光污染的空间格局进行了建模,并监测了1992—2012年中国光污染的变化趋势,结果表明在研究期内中国的光污染呈现出明显的增加趋势。Jiang等[12]评估了使用“珞珈一号”01星夜间灯光遥感数据研究光污染的潜力,并刻画了4个城市的光污染模式,其结果表明“珞珈一号”01星夜间灯光遥感数据可有效地用于城市光污染的研究。
在绘制区域光污染分布图的基础上,广大学者围绕水环境、生态环境等不同场景进行了光污染影响评价分析。
在水环境方面,由于光污染具有超远传播的特征,陆地上的夜间人工照明会照亮海域,成为海洋生态系统的主要光污染源。同时,大量人类活动沿河流布局,造成河流两岸人造灯光增加,光污染会对航行、生物活动造成影响。Davies等[13]利用1992—2012年的DMSP夜光遥感数据发现了全球海洋保护区夜间照明的范围和趋势;刘业森等[14]以公开的HydroSHEDS数据集和NPP−VIIRS夜间灯光月度合成数据为基础,定义了一种河流光污染指数,该指数以空间格网为单元,综合河流长度、河流流量、灯光亮度等信息,用以反映人造灯光对河流的干扰程度,生成了2012年4月—2021年10月逐月10 km分辨的全国河流逐月光污染指数数据,反映了全国河流光污染的时空分布和演变格局,为河流开发度和干扰度评价、光污染分析等相关研究提供参考。
在生态环境方面,学者主要围绕光污染对自然保护区和生物多样性方面影响开展研究分析。自然保护地作为全球公认的生态保护策略,在维护生物多样性和物种保护方面发挥着至关重要的作用。然而,由于光的超远距离传播特性使得自然保护地的夜间光环境受到城市的严重影响。例如2015年,Gaston等[15]提出一种基于校准的夜光遥感数据来量化全球保护区系统光污染侵蚀的方法;2021年,Mu等[16]利用DMSP与NPP−VIIRS提供的连续夜光遥感图像与世界自然保护区数据库(World Database on Protected Areas,WDPA)提供的保护区数据来研究世界自然保护区的光污染情况。刘鸣等[17]以长时间序列的NPP−VIIRS 夜间灯光从数量变化、水平变化和强度变化3方面,分析了中国自然保护区的光污染变化,发现中国自然保护区光污染的程度整体呈上升趋势。
城市夜光不仅是经济繁荣的象征,同时也是光污染的来源,夜间光污染对人类健康的负面影响不容忽视,大量学者利用夜光遥感影响揭示光污染健康效应,强效蓝光波段可抑制褪黑素分泌,增加乳腺癌、前列腺癌风险,并与睡眠障碍、抑郁症密切相关,过度光污染可能引发致昼夜节律紊乱、视觉疲劳、激素分泌失调等问题,并可能诱发情绪障碍或代谢疾病,长期暴露还会增加癌症风险。Kloog等[18]利用医学样本数据和DMSP−OLS夜光影像,分析了以色列女性乳腺癌、肺癌发病率与夜光强度的关系,研究表明光污染强度与乳腺癌的发病率有显著相关。Bauer等[19]分析了美国佐治亚州2005—2009年乳腺癌发病率空间分布,DMSP−OLS数据显示夜间灯光强度与乳腺癌总体发病率显著相关。杨乐怡等[20]以夜间光污染突出的广州市为例,结合NPPVIIRS夜光数据和睡眠质量调查数据,构建夜间光污染与居民睡眠质量的空间回归模型,推算研究区居民睡眠质量的空间分布,发现居民睡眠质量与总灯光强度呈现较强的线性相关关系,夜光遥感能精确地估算出像元尺度上居民睡眠质量的空间分布,一般主城中心区内居民睡眠质量普遍较低。
卫星遥感技术在光污染研究中的应用快速发展,中国依托国内外多源夜光遥感数据,在量化光污染强度、分析光谱特征、评估生态影响等方面取得了显著进展,推动光污染监测从“光污染强度分布一张图”向着“污染溯源与影响评估”迈进。从现阶段来看,中国在光污染卫星遥感监测应用方面仍存在多重“瓶颈”。
在卫星遥感监测方面,“十三五”以来,中国虽然先后发射了“吉林一号”“珞珈一号”和“科学卫星1号”等多颗具备高空间分辨率夜光探测能力的卫星载荷,但都需要十几天,甚至几十天才能实现一次全域覆盖,夜光本身信号较弱,考虑月光、云等因素影响,实际监测能力往往需要至少1个月或者更长时间才能获取全覆盖数据产品。此外,国产卫星辐射定标精度距离国际先进水平仍有一定差距,大气参数校正模型(如气溶胶、水汽)尚未标准化嵌入光污染遥感数据处理链。当前仅有南京、深圳等部分城市建立了地面固定监测站点,天基卫星与地面传感网络数据融合不足,未能建立有效的质量控制管理体系,导致无法快速形成“高精度、短周期”的夜光时间序列产品。
光污染的危害程度与光照强度和持续时间密切相关。当前,针对城市光污染的传统监测指标比较单一,主要依赖辐亮度(nW/sr·cm2)这个衡量指标,易使得某一特定区域的光污染程度出现系统性偏差。如传统夜光遥感SNPP−VIIRS数据产品,存在纬度变化导致的像元面积差异问题。虽然薛朝辉团队提出基于辐射通量(W)的新模型,通过对莫斯科、纽约等50个城市的辐射通量计算显示,可直接反映灯光总能量,其与人口拟合度(R)较传统方法提高20%以上,尤其在高纬度地区误差显著降低。但是需要借助人口分布、能源消耗等社会经济参数。多源卫星遥感监测数据融合不够,量化评估光污染对城市的多重影响方面仍有极大提升空间。
首先,目前大多研究主要侧重于如何绘制城市光污染时空变化图和相关影响因素的定性分析,未能进一步深入溯源定位,不利于从源头上及时主动发现光污染问题,无法满足“精准治污、科学治污”要求。其次,现有可用的多数夜光卫星(如VIIRS)缺乏多波段光谱,难以细化分析城市繁杂光源的光谱特征,导致溯源解析难度较大。再者,静止卫星(如风云四号)虽时间分辨率高,但空间分辨率不够,难以在工业区、商业中心等重点区域进行溯源推广应用。此外,光源类型的分类统计评估,以及其与生物响应(如昆虫趋光性、鸟类迁徙)的定量关联仍需加大研究力度。
基于辐射通量的全球灯光能量数据库,强化法规约束与标准引领。一是完善立法。在《中华人民共和国光污染防治法(征求意见稿)》中明确卫星遥感监测数据作为执法依据的法律效力,界定“过度照明”定量阈值。二是制定标准。编制《光污染遥感监测技术规范》,规定光谱分辨率(优于5 nm)、辐射定标精度(误差<5%)、产品分级等要求。三是建立生态补偿机制。依据卫星遥感数据核算生态服务功能损失值,将光污染强度纳入生态环境损害赔偿清单,并参考国际暗夜协会(International Dark−sky Association,IDA)利用VIIRS数据划定生态敏感区的方法和依据,建立中国“暗夜保护区”跨区域补偿机制。
依托生态环境部“五基”协同框架,打造光污染立体监测网络。优化高轨静止卫星组网策略,进一步研发高性能光污染天基传感器;推广无人机多光谱空基巡检,采用黑臭水体监测中的低空飞行与大气校正技术,如FLAASH(fast line-of-sight atmospheric analysis of spectral hypercubes)模型,实现工业区、商业中心等重点区域米级扫描;在国家生态监测站网中增设光污染地基观测模块,部署全自动夜天光光度计网络,形成卫星数据验证基准。构建多源数据融合平台,开发光污染数据立方体(LightCube),生成时空无缝的高精度光污染图谱。
借鉴现有的生态环境部“遥感+多模态大数据智能识别”经验,利用图卷积神经网络(graph convolutional network,GCN)融合卫星影像、气象数据、社交媒体信息等,并结合城市用电数据,在光污染强度分布一张图的基础上,研究分析典型城市光源类型的时空分布特征,构建城市光污染专用遥感大模型,形成污染源风险关联机制,提升光源识别精度,实现光污染自动溯源、辐射通量反演、风险分级(敏感红线区、重点防控区、一般控制区等)、分区管控一体化治理体系,不断提升光污染监管效率。
光污染是一个由人为活动产生的可观测、可测量的复杂环境问题。卫星遥感技术揭示了光污染对人类健康和城市生态环境的多重影响,为制定科学的光污染管理政策提供了依据,也在深刻影响光污染防治模式。目前,从初期的多尺度范围光污染强度一张图定性绘制,融合多源数据逐步发展涵盖光污染影响综合评估、定量评价和溯源定位等全方位应用,未来中国仍须攻克高精度定标、天地协同、监测评价标准制定等关键技术难关,并结合AI模型和大数据分析构建光污染“全面监测—定量评价—精准溯源—靶向治理”全链条闭环监管模式。随着越来越多亚米级商业卫星成功发射、天空地立体监测网络不断完善及遥感大模型深入应用,中国有望建立全球领先的光污染监测网络。建议未来将光污染防治深度融入“美丽中国”战略与“双碳”目标,通过卫星赋能的环境治理新模式,实现城市安全、生态健康与能源节约的协同增效。
  • 北京市自然科学基金资助项目(L241082)
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2026年第44卷第17期
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doi: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2025.10.00031
  • 接收时间:2025-10-10
  • 首发时间:2026-10-14
  • 出版时间:2026-09-13
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  • 收稿日期:2025-10-10
  • 修回日期:2026-03-23
基金
北京市自然科学基金资助项目(L241082)
作者信息
    生态环境部卫星环境应用中心,北京 100094

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代亚贞(通信作者),工程师,研究方向为生态环境遥感监测,电子信箱:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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