Article(id=1317089704827269702, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, issueId=1317089654613070048, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2025.10.00027, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1760025600000, receivedDateStr=2025-10-10, revisedDate=1783526400000, revisedDateStr=2026-07-09, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1791948255974, onlineDateStr=2026-10-14, pubDate=1789228800000, pubDateStr=2026-09-13, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1791948255974, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-14, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1791948255974, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1791948255974, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1317089654613070048, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, year='2026', volume='44', issue='17', pageStart='1', pageEnd='140', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1789228800000', pubDateStr='2026-09-13', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1791948244002, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1791948304422, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1317089908171322237, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, issueId=1317089654613070048, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1317089908171322238, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, issueId=1317089654613070048, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=46, endPage=55, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1317089706328830535, articleId=1317089704827269702, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, language=EN, title=Research status and future perspectives on the impact of light pollution on human health, columnId=1150494642224591153, journalTitle=Science & Technology Review, columnName=Exclusive, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Global urbanization has intensified exposure to artificial light at night (ALAN), which has emerged as a public health concern due to its threats to human health. This paper reviews domestic and international studies over the past two decades, summarizing research progress on the health effects of nighttime light pollution from three perspectives: macro−level spatial associations, individual health effects, and underlying mechanisms. At the macro level, we focus on studies using nighttime light remote sensing data to assess the association between ALAN exposure and disease risk, as well as related methodologies. Findings reveal significant spatial heterogeneity in nighttime light exposure, with higher exposure levels in densely built−up urban areas, potentially increasing health risks. At the individual level, existing research concentrates on vulnerable populations such as pregnant women, adolescents, the elderly, and night−shift workers, who are more sensitive to nighttime light exposure. The risk for night−shift workers increases with length of service. Across different populations, a clear trend emerges: higher exposure levels are associated with greater health damage risk, with spectral composition, exposure timing, and exposure duration further influencing the magnitude of health effects. At the mechanistic level, ALAN can disrupt suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) function via the non−image−forming visual pathway, suppress melatonin secretion, and trigger metabolic disorders, mental health impairment, and increased tumor risk through pathways including immune−inflammatory imbalance, sleep disturbance, hypothalamic−pituitary−adrenal (HPA) axis stress response, and metabolic circadian desynchrony. Finally, the paper proposes constructing a multi−scale exposure assessment system that integrates multi−source data to elucidate mechanisms and thresholds, and to promote a shift in light pollution prevention and control toward coordinated management encompassing spectral optimization, temporal control, spatial zoning, and protection of sensitive populations.

, authors=Ming LIU1, Ruicong LI1, Feipeng JIAO1, Han ZHANG1, Hong ZHAO2, Fei XU1, authorsList=Ming LIU, Ruicong LI, Feipeng JIAO, Han ZHANG, Hong ZHAO, Fei XU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=All rights reserved. Unauthorized reproduction is prohibited., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1317089708191101528, articleId=1317089704827269702, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, language=CN, title=夜间光污染对人体健康影响的研究现状及展望, columnId=1150494642375586098, journalTitle=科技导报, columnName=特色专题, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

全球城市化加剧夜间人造光(artificial light at night,ALAN)暴露,其对人体健康的威胁已成为公共卫生热点。梳理了近20年来国内外相关研究,从宏观空间关联、个体健康效应和作用机制3个层面总结夜间光污染健康影响的研究进展。宏观层面,聚焦于利用夜光遥感数据评估ALAN暴露与疾病风险的关联研究及方法,发现夜间光暴露空间差异显著,高密度城市区域暴露水平较高,可能增加健康风险。个体层面,现有研究聚焦孕妇、青少年、老年人及夜班工作者等脆弱人群,其对夜间光暴露更为敏感,夜班工作者的风险随工作年限递增,不同人群总体呈现暴露水平越高、健康损害风险越大的趋势,而光谱组成、暴露时段及暴露持续时间等因素会进一步影响健康效应的强弱。在机制层面,ALAN可通过非成像视觉通路干扰视交叉上核功能,抑制褪黑素分泌,并通过免疫炎症失衡、睡眠障碍、下丘脑−垂体−肾上腺(hypothalamic−pituitary−adrenal,HPA)轴应激反应以及代谢节律失同步等途径,引发代谢紊乱、精神健康损害及肿瘤风险增加。最后,提出融合多源数据构建多尺度暴露评估体系以揭示机制与阈值,推动光污染防控向光谱优化、时段控制、空间分区与敏感人群保护的协同治理转变。

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刘鸣,教授,研究方向为城市光污染,电子信箱:

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figureFileSmall=VFRLB6LFGjXhPCErIUtc+A==, figureFileBig=wRWTsap5h9W+s0WH+rTI6w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1317089717607314067, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1317089704827269702, language=CN, label=图6, caption=2 型糖尿病风险关联森林图, figureFileSmall=VFRLB6LFGjXhPCErIUtc+A==, figureFileBig=wRWTsap5h9W+s0WH+rTI6w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1317089717666034324, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1317089704827269702, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=pVDk/Kj3PFSF3QkmZzYx0A==, figureFileBig=aZWYo0LWsXN+W3AxE13FJw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1317089717724754581, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1317089704827269702, language=CN, label=图7, caption=室外 ALAN 暴露与3类人群精神/睡眠结局的关联

OR为比值比,衡量暴露组相对参照组发生某结局的概率,OR大于1表示风险升高、小于1表示风险降低;CI为95%置信区间,区间不含1时表示统计学显著。Q1~Q5指将人群按ALAN暴露由低到高等分后的各组,四分位分4组(Q1最低、Q4最高),五分位分5组(Q1最低、Q5最高),“最高对比最低暴露组”即以最低组为参照比较最高组。MAD(中位数绝对偏差)为一种暴露标准化单位,图(b)中OR表示暴露每增加1个MAD时几率的

变化,故其数值显著小于图(a)和图(c)采用极端分位对比的OR,3组结果不可直接比较效应量大小。数据来源文献[13, 32, 34]

, figureFileSmall=pVDk/Kj3PFSF3QkmZzYx0A==, figureFileBig=aZWYo0LWsXN+W3AxE13FJw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1317089717808640662, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1317089704827269702, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=rQoBNqLZqQaosl4s7yQTXQ==, figureFileBig=0ihKYHIEQIUq8jfSQfcjHw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1317089717867360919, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1317089704827269702, language=CN, label=图8, caption=光污染对人体健康影响风险与机制, figureFileSmall=rQoBNqLZqQaosl4s7yQTXQ==, figureFileBig=0ihKYHIEQIUq8jfSQfcjHw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1317089719528305304, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1317089704827269702, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
病理
问题
数据源主要研究方法主要结论
病理数据夜光遥感数据
孕期抑郁\
焦虑[13]
 妇幼保健中心数据、问卷、焦虑障碍量表(GAD−7)VIIRS 二元逻辑回归模型;限制性立方样条模型 孕前3个月及孕早期高ALAN暴露增加孕期抑郁和焦虑风险
糖尿病[14] 中国健康与养老追踪调查,中国家庭追踪调查DMSP−OLS/高质量近地表空气污染物数据集 Cox比例风险回归模型 ALAN与糖尿病风险呈非线性关系,与多种污染物存在联合加性效应
早产[17] 中国国家免费孕前健康检查项目DMSP−OLS和SNPP−VIIRS,分辨率1000 m逻辑回归模型 ALAN每增加1个IQR,极早产和早产风险分别增加8%和3%,高孕前压力者风险更高
代谢类
病[18]
 中国健康与养老追踪调查DMSP−OLS
2015年数据
 多变量逻辑回归模型、限制性立方样条回归模型 最高ALAN四分位组代谢性疾病风险最高,部分疾病呈U形关联
心血管
代谢病[19]
 在线问卷、体检数据、卫生部合作数据国际空间站拍摄的图像,分辨率30 m 线性、逻辑回归模型;Cox比例风险回归模型 ALAN与心血管代谢疾病风险增加相关,可能由昼夜节律失调介导
失眠[20] 微博“失眠”相关的帖子VIIRS,分辨率500 m 皮尔逊相关性分析;多变量调整的线性回归模型 ALAN暴露与失眠发病率之间的关系呈非线性,低暴露时斜率较陡,高暴露时趋于平稳;中等城市和小城市中,ALAN暴露对失眠的影响更为显著。ALAN与失眠呈非线性关系,对中小城市人群影响更显著
低出生
体重[21]
 加州环境健康筛查工具(CalEnviroScreen 3.0和4.0)VIIRS
2009—2015年
 多变量线性回归模型;敏感性分析 敏感性分析显示,随着ALAN四分位数的增加,低出生体重估计值呈线性增加;绿化空间对ALAN与低出生体重的关系有调节作用。 ALAN暴露升高与低出生体重风险增加相关,绿化空间具有调节作用
), ArticleFig(id=1317089719809323673, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1317089704827269702, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

夜光遥感与部分病理方法研究

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
病理
问题
数据源主要研究方法主要结论
病理数据夜光遥感数据
孕期抑郁\
焦虑[13]
 妇幼保健中心数据、问卷、焦虑障碍量表(GAD−7)VIIRS 二元逻辑回归模型;限制性立方样条模型 孕前3个月及孕早期高ALAN暴露增加孕期抑郁和焦虑风险
糖尿病[14] 中国健康与养老追踪调查,中国家庭追踪调查DMSP−OLS/高质量近地表空气污染物数据集 Cox比例风险回归模型 ALAN与糖尿病风险呈非线性关系,与多种污染物存在联合加性效应
早产[17] 中国国家免费孕前健康检查项目DMSP−OLS和SNPP−VIIRS,分辨率1000 m逻辑回归模型 ALAN每增加1个IQR,极早产和早产风险分别增加8%和3%,高孕前压力者风险更高
代谢类
病[18]
 中国健康与养老追踪调查DMSP−OLS
2015年数据
 多变量逻辑回归模型、限制性立方样条回归模型 最高ALAN四分位组代谢性疾病风险最高,部分疾病呈U形关联
心血管
代谢病[19]
 在线问卷、体检数据、卫生部合作数据国际空间站拍摄的图像,分辨率30 m 线性、逻辑回归模型;Cox比例风险回归模型 ALAN与心血管代谢疾病风险增加相关,可能由昼夜节律失调介导
失眠[20] 微博“失眠”相关的帖子VIIRS,分辨率500 m 皮尔逊相关性分析;多变量调整的线性回归模型 ALAN暴露与失眠发病率之间的关系呈非线性,低暴露时斜率较陡,高暴露时趋于平稳;中等城市和小城市中,ALAN暴露对失眠的影响更为显著。ALAN与失眠呈非线性关系,对中小城市人群影响更显著
低出生
体重[21]
 加州环境健康筛查工具(CalEnviroScreen 3.0和4.0)VIIRS
2009—2015年
 多变量线性回归模型;敏感性分析 敏感性分析显示,随着ALAN四分位数的增加,低出生体重估计值呈线性增加;绿化空间对ALAN与低出生体重的关系有调节作用。 ALAN暴露升高与低出生体重风险增加相关,绿化空间具有调节作用
), ArticleFig(id=1317089719918375578, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1317089704827269702, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
疾病暴露因素比较组效应值 (OR/RR/差值)95% 置信区间
超重/肥胖ALAN暴露暴露对比未暴露OR =1.191.13~1.26
2型糖尿病轮班工作轮班对比白班RR =1.101.05~1.14
夜间血压卧室ALAN(≥5 lx)光照组对比暗光组(<5 lx)收缩压差值=+4.3 mmHg0.90~7.80
夜间血压卧室ALAN(≥5 lx)光照组对比暗光组(<5 lx)舒张压差值=+2.9 mmHg1.10~4.70
), ArticleFig(id=1317089720300057244, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1317089704827269702, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

ALAN与代谢及心血管疾病风险的关联

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
疾病暴露因素比较组效应值 (OR/RR/差值)95% 置信区间
超重/肥胖ALAN暴露暴露对比未暴露OR =1.191.13~1.26
2型糖尿病轮班工作轮班对比白班RR =1.101.05~1.14
夜间血压卧室ALAN(≥5 lx)光照组对比暗光组(<5 lx)收缩压差值=+4.3 mmHg0.90~7.80
夜间血压卧室ALAN(≥5 lx)光照组对比暗光组(<5 lx)舒张压差值=+2.9 mmHg1.10~4.70
), ArticleFig(id=1317089720618824349, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1317089704827269702, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
癌症类型暴露因素比较组效应值 (OR/HR)95% 置信区间
乳腺癌夜间工作(≥6个月)夜班对比白班OR=1.51.30~1.70
乳腺癌夜间工作(>6年)夜班对比白班OR=1.71.30~1.70
非霍奇金淋巴瘤(NHL)户外LAN最高暴露对比最低暴露HR=1.321.07~1.63
弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤 (DLBCL)户外LAN最高暴露对比最低暴露HR=1.871.16~3.02
胰腺癌户外LAN最高暴露对比最低暴露HR=1.241.03~1.49
结直肠癌(直肠癌)户外蓝光最高暴露对比最低暴露OR=1.40.90~2.10
前列腺癌户外蓝光最高暴露对比最低暴露OR=2.051.38~3.03
前列腺癌室内光照最高对比最低OR=2.791.55~5.04
), ArticleFig(id=1317089720702710431, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1317089704827269702, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

ALAN 与癌症风险的关联

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
癌症类型暴露因素比较组效应值 (OR/HR)95% 置信区间
乳腺癌夜间工作(≥6个月)夜班对比白班OR=1.51.30~1.70
乳腺癌夜间工作(>6年)夜班对比白班OR=1.71.30~1.70
非霍奇金淋巴瘤(NHL)户外LAN最高暴露对比最低暴露HR=1.321.07~1.63
弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤 (DLBCL)户外LAN最高暴露对比最低暴露HR=1.871.16~3.02
胰腺癌户外LAN最高暴露对比最低暴露HR=1.241.03~1.49
结直肠癌(直肠癌)户外蓝光最高暴露对比最低暴露OR=1.40.90~2.10
前列腺癌户外蓝光最高暴露对比最低暴露OR=2.051.38~3.03
前列腺癌室内光照最高对比最低OR=2.791.55~5.04
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夜间光污染对人体健康影响的研究现状及展望
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刘鸣 1 , 李瑞聪 1 , 焦飞鹏 1 , 张涵 1 , 赵红 2 , 徐飞 1
科技导报 | 特色专题 2026,44(17): 46-55
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科技导报 |特色专题 2026 , 44 (17) : 46 -55
夜间光污染对人体健康影响的研究现状及展望
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刘鸣1 , 李瑞聪1, 焦飞鹏1, 张涵1, 赵红2, 徐飞1
作者信息
  • 1大连理工大学建筑与艺术学院,大连 116024
  • 2大连理工大学附属中心医院(大连市中心医院),大连 116023
作者简介:

刘鸣,教授,研究方向为城市光污染,电子信箱:

Research status and future perspectives on the impact of light pollution on human health
Ming LIU1 , Ruicong LI1, Feipeng JIAO1, Han ZHANG1, Hong ZHAO2, Fei XU1
Affiliations
  • 1School of Architecture and Fine Arts, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
  • 2Dalian Municipal Central Hospital (Central Hospital of Dalian University of Technology), Dalian 116023, China
出版时间: 2026-09-13 doi: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2025.10.00027
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全球城市化加剧夜间人造光(artificial light at night,ALAN)暴露,其对人体健康的威胁已成为公共卫生热点。梳理了近20年来国内外相关研究,从宏观空间关联、个体健康效应和作用机制3个层面总结夜间光污染健康影响的研究进展。宏观层面,聚焦于利用夜光遥感数据评估ALAN暴露与疾病风险的关联研究及方法,发现夜间光暴露空间差异显著,高密度城市区域暴露水平较高,可能增加健康风险。个体层面,现有研究聚焦孕妇、青少年、老年人及夜班工作者等脆弱人群,其对夜间光暴露更为敏感,夜班工作者的风险随工作年限递增,不同人群总体呈现暴露水平越高、健康损害风险越大的趋势,而光谱组成、暴露时段及暴露持续时间等因素会进一步影响健康效应的强弱。在机制层面,ALAN可通过非成像视觉通路干扰视交叉上核功能,抑制褪黑素分泌,并通过免疫炎症失衡、睡眠障碍、下丘脑−垂体−肾上腺(hypothalamic−pituitary−adrenal,HPA)轴应激反应以及代谢节律失同步等途径,引发代谢紊乱、精神健康损害及肿瘤风险增加。最后,提出融合多源数据构建多尺度暴露评估体系以揭示机制与阈值,推动光污染防控向光谱优化、时段控制、空间分区与敏感人群保护的协同治理转变。

光污染  /  人类健康  /  夜光暴露  /  多病理类型  /  综合防治

Global urbanization has intensified exposure to artificial light at night (ALAN), which has emerged as a public health concern due to its threats to human health. This paper reviews domestic and international studies over the past two decades, summarizing research progress on the health effects of nighttime light pollution from three perspectives: macro−level spatial associations, individual health effects, and underlying mechanisms. At the macro level, we focus on studies using nighttime light remote sensing data to assess the association between ALAN exposure and disease risk, as well as related methodologies. Findings reveal significant spatial heterogeneity in nighttime light exposure, with higher exposure levels in densely built−up urban areas, potentially increasing health risks. At the individual level, existing research concentrates on vulnerable populations such as pregnant women, adolescents, the elderly, and night−shift workers, who are more sensitive to nighttime light exposure. The risk for night−shift workers increases with length of service. Across different populations, a clear trend emerges: higher exposure levels are associated with greater health damage risk, with spectral composition, exposure timing, and exposure duration further influencing the magnitude of health effects. At the mechanistic level, ALAN can disrupt suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) function via the non−image−forming visual pathway, suppress melatonin secretion, and trigger metabolic disorders, mental health impairment, and increased tumor risk through pathways including immune−inflammatory imbalance, sleep disturbance, hypothalamic−pituitary−adrenal (HPA) axis stress response, and metabolic circadian desynchrony. Finally, the paper proposes constructing a multi−scale exposure assessment system that integrates multi−source data to elucidate mechanisms and thresholds, and to promote a shift in light pollution prevention and control toward coordinated management encompassing spectral optimization, temporal control, spatial zoning, and protection of sensitive populations.

light pollution  /  human health  /  artificial light at night exposure  /  multiple pathological conditions  /  holistic management
刘鸣, 李瑞聪, 焦飞鹏, 张涵, 赵红, 徐飞. 夜间光污染对人体健康影响的研究现状及展望. 科技导报, 2026 , 44 (17) : 46 -55 . DOI: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2025.10.00027
Ming LIU, Ruicong LI, Feipeng JIAO, Han ZHANG, Hong ZHAO, Fei XU. Research status and future perspectives on the impact of light pollution on human health[J]. Science & Technology Review, 2026 , 44 (17) : 46 -55 . DOI: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2025.10.00027
城市光污染作为现代城市化进程中衍生的新型环境问题,威胁着城市人类健康和生态系统安全。随着越来越多的人暴露在夜间人造光(artificial light at night,ALAN)之下,其环境与健康效应日益受到关注。夜间过度或不适当照明可干扰昼夜节律及正常生理、行为过程,诱发多种健康风险,被认为是一种慢性环境污染物[1]。以习近平同志为核心的党中央高度重视新污染物治理工作,2024年公开发布的《中共中央国务院关于全面推进美丽中国建设的意见》提出“持续推进新污染物治理行动”,进一步凸显公众健康在环境治理中的重要地位[2]。光污染健康效应涉及病理机制、光照特征、建成环境及社会人口学等多因素影响。系统梳理光污染与人类健康研究进展,对完善城市光污染防治和促进公众健康具有重要意义。
大量研究表明,夜间人造光会危害人体健康。美国国家毒理学计划(National Toxicology Program,NTP)已将夜间人工光暴露确定为扰乱人体昼夜节律和内源性生物钟的重要因素[3]。光是调节人体生物节律的重要环境因子,不合理的光暴露(光污染)会干扰这一机制,引发病理改变。例如,夜间光照可减少睡眠期间前额叶慢波活动、抑制褪黑素分泌并延迟生物钟节律,而褪黑素水平降低与乳腺癌风险增加相关[4]。长期昼夜节律紊乱还可能增加癌症、代谢综合征及心血管疾病等多种疾病风险[5]。近年来,室外光污染对健康的影响也受到广泛关注,相关研究多借助夜光遥感技术,结合光环境的空间分布、强度及光谱特征与健康数据,评估光污染对人体健康的潜在影响[6]。
总体而言,既有系统综述和流行病学综述显示,ALAN已从生态扰动问题扩展为重要公共卫生风险,室外夜间人工光暴露与多类健康结局之间的证据仍在持续积累;同时,围绕光污染健康威胁与法规治理的研究也提示,有必要将健康风险评估纳入光污染防控框架。
为梳理城市夜间光环境健康影响研究的发展脉络与热点方向,本文对国内外相关文献进行了系统检索与筛选。对于Web of Science(WoS)数据库,围绕“夜间光环境”和“人类健康”2大主题,以“Nighttime light\NTL\ALAN\Artificial Light at Night\light at night”等夜间光主题词与“human health”的组合进行检索。为减少无关文献干扰,剔除了光催化、重金属、光降解和塑料污染等相关主题。随后,结合WoS学科分类和引文主题,进一步排除物理学、化学等非目标学科文献。最后,对筛选后的文献逐篇阅读题目、摘要和关键词,进一步确定纳入研究的文献,最终获得240篇相关文献。对于知网数据库,以“夜间光环境”或“光污染”与“健康”为检索词,结合题目、摘要和关键词进行筛选,最终获得182篇相关文献。
对近20年关于夜间光污染对人体健康影响的文献数量进行统计(图1)。可以发现,学术界对该领域的关注度在过去20年间整体呈波动上升的趋势。具体而言,2005—2009年为起步探索期,相关发文量普遍较低,2008年甚至触底仅为3篇;2010—2016年研究进入平稳发展期,年发文量基本在15~20篇的区间内波动;2017年之后,随着夜间光污染的公共卫生效应日益受到重视,该领域步入快速增长期,总发文量呈“波浪式”攀升,并在2025年达到了最高点。此外,从数据库来源来看,近年来,WoS的发文量增长尤为强劲,反映出该主题在国际学术界的研究热度持续高涨,成为拉动整体文献量不断创新高的核心动力。
为揭示夜间光污染的健康影响机制,本文将相关健康风险系统划分为昼夜节律、睡眠与神经行为、重大疾病、整体健康状况等6大类及若干子类(图2)。结合历年发文趋势(图3)发现,该领域研究呈现出显著的阶段性演进特征:早期(2005—2015年)主要聚焦于睡眠与生物钟等基础生理干扰;自2016年起,逐渐向代谢与癌症等深层病理机制拓展;2021—2025年,综合健康类研究爆发式增长并占据主导。这表明学术界的研究视角已从单一的生理或疾病指标,转向从宏观层面系统评估光污染对人体全面健康的影响。
目前,在宏观尺度下,光污染与健康的研究主要借助夜光遥感数据(图4),将夜间光照暴露与各类病理的发生风险进行关联分析,判断二者的相关性。中国在运用夜光遥感技术研究人体健康领域逐渐崭露头角。研究发现,夜间灯光暴露与女生月经初潮率、孕妇抑郁和焦虑等产前症状,以及精神类疾病均存在显著关联[7−8]。从空间分布看,夜间光环境呈现由城市向郊区、乡村逐渐减弱的梯度特征(图5)[9],城市行政中心和商业区的夜间灯光强度显著高于偏远地区[10]。大量研究进一步表明,较高水平的夜间人工光暴露与2型糖尿病、心血管疾病及精神疾病等多种健康风险增加密切相关,其中40岁以上人群受影响更为明显[11−12]。
现有研究以横断面研究为主,多采用线性回归、逻辑回归及限制性立方样条(restricted cubic spline,RCS)模型评估光污染与健康结局的关联及非线性关系(表1)[13−14, 17−22]。在明确光污染健康影响后,研究进一步关注其与空气污染等环境因素的协同健康效应。已有研究发现,空气污染与夜间人工光暴露在糖尿病发病风险中存在交互作用[14],空气污染(尤其是NO2)还可能混杂夜间人造光与抑郁症状之间的关联[15]。这些结果表明,室外光污染与空气污染等环境因素共同影响人群健康,也凸显了改善环境质量和优化城市夜间照明规划的重要性。同时,暴露测度不断精细化,低成本城市夜间光监测及基于SDGSAT−1微光影像的评估方法提高了城市尺度光污染识别能力,为健康风险评估提供了更精细的暴露数据[16]。
ALAN作为一种日益突出的环境污染因素,通过干扰昼夜节律,抑制褪黑素分泌等机制,对人体健康产生深远影响。已有研究表明,ALAN的不当暴露与多种躯体性疾病,如代谢紊乱、心血管疾病、癌症等有关,也与精神健康问题,如睡眠障碍、抑郁、焦虑等密切相关[22]。因此,本节将聚焦ALAN对人类躯体健康和精神健康的影响,系统梳理其影响机制与研究进展,以期为未来公共健康干预提供理论参考。
ALAN作为昼夜节律干扰源,可同步影响多器官生物钟并破坏代谢平衡。流行病学证据显示,其健康风险具有明显的场景、剂量和时序差异:一般夜间光暴露使超重风险上升19%(OR=1.19),夜间电子设备等微环境暴露使肥胖风险升高55%[23];糖代谢损伤则表现出累积性和时相敏感性,晚班光照处于褪黑素分泌启动和生物钟相位延迟的敏感窗口,轮班工作年限每增加5年,2型糖尿病风险上升5%(RR=1.05)[24]。此外,卧室低照度漏光(≥5 lx)即可使收缩压和舒张压分别升高4.3、2.9 mmHg,提示微弱夜间光也可能成为心血管健康因素[25]。相关效应值见表2,2型糖尿病分层风险见图6。
总体来看,ALAN对代谢与心血管健康的影响并不局限于环境照度,还与光谱特征、暴露时序和行为背景共同相关。近期综述和人群研究进一步证实,ALAN与2型糖尿病等代谢异常密切相关[26],并可能通过昼夜节律紊乱、肥胖及内分泌失衡增加肿瘤风险[27];多时段卧室夜间光暴露也与大学生心血管代谢风险评分升高相关[28]。这些证据表明,不良夜间光环境的健康效应可由代谢异常进一步扩展至神经调节、免疫防御及肿瘤发生等多个病理过程。
夜间人造光主要通过干扰昼夜节律、抑制褪黑素分泌及影响睡眠,对情绪与认知功能产生不良影响。昼夜节律紊乱可导致下丘脑−垂体−肾上腺轴(restricted cubic spline,HPA轴)功能失调、皮质醇节律异常和应激反应增强,长期HPA轴过度激活与抑郁、焦虑密切相关[29];睡眠障碍则在ALAN与抑郁、焦虑症状及执行功能损害之间发挥重要中介作用[30]。现有研究普遍表明,ALAN与抑郁风险升高相关[31]。全生命周期研究进一步发现,高ALAN暴露可增加孕妇产前抑郁和焦虑风险,青少年心境障碍及焦虑障碍风险[13,32],以及老年人睡眠异常风险[33−34](图7)。
综合来看,ALAN对精神健康的影响更可能表现为“节律扰动—睡眠异常—情绪与认知功能受损”的连续过程,而非直接导致单一疾病。研究表明,ALAN对睡眠和精神健康的影响具有空间异质性,不同暴露测量方法可能导致风险估计差异[35]。孕妇、青少年和老年人分别对应生命早期发育、青春期节律重塑和老年节律退化等敏感阶段,国内相关研究也提示应重点关注敏感人群的发育健康、睡眠和认知结局[36]。未来研究需要整合遥感、室内监测、可穿戴睡眠数据、节律照明干预和纵向随访资料,以更准确揭示夜间光暴露对精神健康的影响路径。
目前,ALAN与癌症关系的证据主要来自流行病学调查和统计分析,其潜在机制包括干扰内分泌调节、抗氧化防御与免疫应答,从而削弱机体抵御肿瘤的能力[37]。现有研究显示,相关风险具有累积效应、靶器官异质性以及光谱和空间特异性。乳腺癌是该领域最集中的癌种,约占相关文献的1/3[22],且风险随暴露时长增加而上升:夜间工作≥6个月者患病风险增加(OR=1.5),夜班年限>6年者风险进一步升高(OR=1.7)[38]。淋巴系统肿瘤研究也显示,户外ALAN最高暴露增加非霍奇金淋巴瘤整体风险(HR=1.32),其弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤亚型响应更明显(HR=1.87)[39];胰腺癌等消化系统实体瘤的相关风险相对较低(HR=1.24)[40]。
除累积暴露外,光污染的空间和光谱维度同样需要纳入解释框架。流行病学数据表明,户外蓝光最高暴露与直肠癌风险呈正相关(OR=1.4),但对前列腺癌的促发作用更强(OR=2.05);近距离高强度室内光照也与前列腺癌更高风险相关(OR=2.79)[41]。这些结果与乳腺癌风险系统综述、夜班工作精准风险评估研究共同提示,ALAN相关肿瘤研究需同时考虑光谱组成、暴露空间、时间安排和个体易感性[42]。对沈阳市的研究还发现,较高人造夜光暴露与子宫内膜癌死亡风险升高相关,提示研究范围可扩展至其他激素相关癌种[43]。未来应进一步区分发病、死亡和预后等结局,以准确界定不同暴露途径的致癌贡献率。主要效应值汇总见表3。
夜间人造光照对人体健康的影响,本质上是外界光环境持续干扰人体内源性昼夜节律系统。不同于化学污染物直接作用于靶器官,ALAN主要通过“光信号感知—生物钟错配—神经内分泌紊乱—多系统病理改变”的链式机制发挥作用。因此,其健康效应并非局限于单一疾病,而是涉及代谢与心血管、精神神经、免疫及肿瘤等多个病理过程(图8)。
ALAN的核心作用起点是视网膜非成像视觉通路。除传统视杆细胞和视锥细胞外,人眼还存在内在光敏性视网膜神经节细胞(ipRGCs),其含有黑视蛋白(melanopsin),对短波蓝光高度敏感,可在低照度下感知夜间光照,并经视网膜—下丘脑束将信号传递至视交叉上核(suprachiasmatic nucleus,SCN)[44]。SCN作为中枢生物钟,调控褪黑素分泌以及睡眠—觉醒、体温和激素节律。黑暗促进褪黑素分泌,维持正常生物节律;夜间人工光暴露则持续激活SCN,抑制褪黑素分泌,导致生物钟相位延迟和节律减弱[45]。这一机制是ALAN影响多种健康结局的共同基础。夜间外源光还可引起生物钟相位偏移,说明光入侵不仅改变照明环境,更可直接干扰生物钟时序,增加健康风险[46]。
褪黑素抑制是连接ALAN与睡眠障碍、免疫炎症失衡及肿瘤风险的重要机制。褪黑素具有睡眠调节、抗氧化及免疫调节功能,夜间光照导致其分泌下降,可削弱抗氧化能力、免疫稳态和细胞增殖调控[37]。同时,ALAN可延迟睡眠时相、降低睡眠质量,进一步加剧情绪、认知、代谢及炎症异常[47]。光照时序、睡眠破坏、代谢炎症和暗光夜间暴露对免疫稳态的影响共同表明,睡眠并非单一健康结局,而是连接ALAN暴露与精神疾病、代谢疾病、心血管疾病及癌症风险的重要中介路径。乳腺癌流行病学和实验研究进一步支持了这一生物学机制[48]。
ALAN还可通过HPA轴、交感神经系统及外周生物钟影响精神、代谢和心血管功能。夜间光照提高觉醒水平,使夜间应激反应持续激活,导致皮质醇节律异常、交感神经兴奋及自主神经功能失衡[49],这一过程可削弱夜间血压下降、损害心率和血管内皮功能。同时,夜间光照扰乱进食、睡眠及激素分泌节律,使肝脏、脂肪组织、胰腺、心血管等外周时钟与中枢时钟失同步,导致葡萄糖和脂质代谢及能量消耗偏离正常昼夜模式。长期节律错配可增加肥胖、2型糖尿病及心血管疾病风险,低照度卧室漏光与夜间血压升高的关联提示,即使微弱ALAN暴露也可能产生健康影响。
总体而言,光污染对健康的影响并非由单一环节介导,而是以夜间异常光信号对昼夜节律系统的扰动为起点,经由褪黑素分泌受抑、睡眠结构紊乱、免疫炎症调节失衡、HPA轴及交感神经活动增强,以及外周代谢节律错配等相互关联的生理过程逐步放大。这些改变可能进一步增加代谢异常、心血管风险、精神健康问题以及部分肿瘤相关风险。因而,光污染防控若仅以照明亮度作为控制目标,仍难以充分反映其健康影响;后续风险评估还应综合考虑光谱组成、暴露时段与持续时间、室内外传播路径以及人群易感性等因素。
综上,ALAN已由生态环境问题逐渐演变为公共卫生议题。现有研究表明,ALAN可通过非成像视觉通路干扰昼夜节律,抑制褪黑素分泌,进而影响睡眠、代谢、心血管、精神健康及肿瘤相关过程。其健康效应不仅取决于照度,还受光谱组成、暴露时段、持续时间及室内外传播路径等因素共同影响。结合流行病学证据,ALAN健康风险主要受3方面调节:暴露强度与光谱特征,表现为低阈值触发、高剂量效应增强;暴露时序与时序敏感窗口,短波蓝光及夜间敏感时段暴露更易诱发节律紊乱;暴露方式,显性暴露多为主动接触的近距离高强度光源,可产生较强急性代谢效应;隐性暴露虽照度较低,却具有长期累积和睡眠环境侵入效应,是青少年和老年人睡眠异常及心境障碍的重要风险因素。
然而,当前研究仍面临暴露评估精度不足和因果证据有限等问题。宏观尺度研究多依赖卫星夜光数据,难以准确反映个体实际受光情况;个体尺度研究则普遍存在样本量有限、监测周期较短及混杂因素控制不足等局限。尽管夜光遥感、多光谱反演、地面监测和可穿戴设备等技术的发展提升了光环境测度能力,但不同数据源之间仍存在空间分辨率、光谱响应和个体代表性差异,剂量—反应关系、关键暴露阈值及不同光谱成分的相对贡献仍需进一步验证。
未来研究应加强夜光遥感、地面监测、室内传感器、可穿戴设备及健康随访数据融合,构建覆盖城市—建筑—个体的多尺度暴露评估体系,进一步识别ALAN健康效应的关键机制与风险阈值。治理层面,应推动光污染防控由亮度管理向光谱优化、时段控制、空间分区及敏感人群保护协同转变,加强健康照明标准与城市照明规划、建筑光环境设计的衔接,为光污染治理和公众健康保护提供科学依据。《中华人民共和国生态环境法典》的实施从国家法治层面强化了相关要求,暗夜保护社区建设则为地方实践提供了重要载体。其中,深圳市率先发布《暗夜社区光环境规范》,围绕夜天光亮度、色温和照明时段提出量化管控要求,这一探索不仅验证了标准技术的可行性,也为城市光环境精细化管理与健康照明标准的落地提供了可复制的范例。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(52178067)
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2026年第44卷第17期
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doi: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2025.10.00027
  • 接收时间:2025-10-10
  • 首发时间:2026-10-14
  • 出版时间:2026-09-13
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  • 收稿日期:2025-10-10
  • 修回日期:2026-07-09
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国家自然科学基金项目(52178067)
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    1大连理工大学建筑与艺术学院,大连 116024
    2大连理工大学附属中心医院(大连市中心医院),大连 116023
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
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属数
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genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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