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复旦大学物理学系张远波团队联合国内外科研人员,首次制备出仅含单个CuO2平面的极限二维铜基高温超导体Bi−2201,并利用这一高度可调的材料研究超导与绝缘态之间的量子相变。2026年8月12日,相关研究成果发表于《Nature》。

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(图片来源:张远波研究团队)

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科技导报 |科技新闻 2026 , 44 (16) : 7 -7
高温超导在单面原子层中延续
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    出版时间: 2026-08-28
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    复旦大学物理学系张远波团队联合国内外科研人员,首次制备出仅含单个CuO2平面的极限二维铜基高温超导体Bi−2201,并利用这一高度可调的材料研究超导与绝缘态之间的量子相变。2026年8月12日,相关研究成果发表于《Nature》。

    . 高温超导在单面原子层中延续. 科技导报, 2026 , 44 (16) : 7 -7 .
    . Science & Technology Review, 2026 , 44 (16) : 7 -7 .
    复旦大学物理学系张远波团队联合国内外科研人员,首次制备出仅含单个CuO2平面的极限二维铜基高温超导体Bi−2201,并利用这一高度可调的材料研究超导与绝缘态之间的量子相变。2026年8月12日,相关研究成果发表于《Nature》。
    铜基高温超导自1986年被发现以来,其微观机理一直是凝聚态物理的重要难题。不同铜基超导材料虽然化学组成和超导转变温度各不相同,却都包含CuO2平面,高温超导的关键物理过程被认为主要发生在这种近乎二维的原子层中。然而,依据二维体系中热涨落的基本理论,严格的二维条件下并不存在超导长程序。为何常压下具有最高超导转变温度的铜基超导体均为二维层状结构?这是超导微观机理研究中一个长期悬而未决的问题。
    要解开高温超导维度问题的谜团,一个思路就是不断把材料做薄:如果只剩一个CuO2面,超导是否仍然存在?然而,原子级薄的铜氧化物极易受到空气和水汽破坏,而且其超导性质对氧含量十分敏感,样品制备和载流子浓度调节都非常困难。
    此次研究选择铜基超导体Bi2Sr2CuO6+δ(Bi−2201),将材料减薄到只含一个CuO2面的单层极限。研究团队自主搭建低温惰性气氛实验设备,在隔绝空气和水汽的条件下完成样品剥离和器件加工,并发展出原位氧含量调控技术。通过改变臭氧浓度和温度,研究人员可以连续调节材料中的空穴掺杂,掺杂分辨率δp达到约0.0005,从而在同一类单层样品中观察从莫特绝缘态到超导态的完整演化过程。
    实验发现,单层Bi−2201依然能够保持超导,其最佳超导转变温度比块体材料降低约10%。这说明,当材料减薄到单个CuO2面时,维度变化确实开始影响超导性能;但与此同时,单层材料仍保留了块体铜氧化物的主要关联电子特征,表明许多与高温超导相关的核心物理性质在一个CuO2面中就能够存在。
    (综合:《Nature》、复旦大学官网)

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    红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
    小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
    光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
    红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
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