Article(id=1296827252872863961, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, issueId=1296827250129784977, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2026.06.00021, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1780588800000, receivedDateStr=2026-06-05, revisedDate=1784390400000, revisedDateStr=2026-07-19, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1787117310969, onlineDateStr=2026-08-19, pubDate=1785168000000, pubDateStr=2026-07-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1787117310969, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-08-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1787117310969, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1787117310969, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1296827250129784977, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, year='2026', volume='44', issue='14', pageStart='1', pageEnd='192', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1785168000000', pubDateStr='2026-07-28', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1787117310316, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1787117721595, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1296828975423185806, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, issueId=1296827250129784977, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1296828975423185807, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, issueId=1296827250129784977, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=104, endPage=119, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1296827253078384858, articleId=1296827252872863961, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, language=EN, title=Artificial intelligence−enabled drug discovery and development: Recent advances and future perspectives, columnId=1150494642224591153, journalTitle=Science & Technology Review, columnName=Exclusive, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Drug research and development (R&D) is characterized by long cycles, high costs, and low clinical success rates, and traditional R&D paradigms have struggled to meet the demands of complex diseases and innovative drug development. In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI), leveraging its strengths in multi−source data fusion, complex pattern recognition, and intelligent decision−making, has been driving a paradigm shift in drug R&D from experience−driven to data−driven and knowledge−driven approaches. This article systematically reviews the latest advances in AI−empowered drug R&D worldwide, focusing on key applications across the full drug R&D pipeline and technological development trends, and synthesizes representative studies to summarize AI's vital roles in improving R&D efficiency, optimizing decision−making, and fostering paradigm changes. The review shows that AI has become an essential bridge linking biomedical data, computational models, and experimental validation. It has not only significantly enhanced the efficiency of early−stage target discovery, molecular design, and drug evaluation, but has also spurred the development of novel R&D modalities such as automated experimentation, self−driving laboratories, and virtual cells, thereby providing new technical pathways toward an intelligent drug R&D system. However, the broad application of AI in drug R&D remains constrained by insufficient high−quality data, limited model interpretability and generalizability, difficulties in multimodal knowledge fusion, and the lack of robust experimental validation and standardized evaluation frameworks; its clinical translational value thus requires further verification. Looking ahead, efforts should be directed toward strengthening high−quality data resources and sharing systems, developing interpretable AI models that integrate biological mechanisms and physical laws, promoting deep integration of generative AI, multi−agent systems, and self−driving laboratories, refining model evaluation standards and regulatory frameworks, and fostering collaborative innovation between AI and experimental sciences, so as to accelerate the evolution of AI−empowered drug R&D toward intelligent, automated, and closed−loop paradigms.
, authors=Honglin LI
1, 2, authorsList=Honglin LI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=
All rights reserved. Unauthorized reproduction is prohibited., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1296827253246157019, articleId=1296827252872863961, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, language=CN, title=人工智能在药物研发中的进展与展望, columnId=1150494642375586098, journalTitle=科技导报, columnName=特色专题, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
药物研发具有周期长、成本高、临床成功率低等特点,传统研发模式已难以满足复杂疾病和创新药物开发的需求。近年来,人工智能(artificial intelligence,AI)凭借其在多源数据融合、复杂模式识别和智能决策等方面的优势,正推动药物研发由经验驱动向数据驱动和知识驱动的新范式转变。本文系统综述了国内外AI赋能药物研发的最新研究进展,重点分析了AI在药物研发全流程中的关键应用及其技术发展趋势,并结合代表性研究总结了AI在提高研发效率、优化决策过程和促进研发模式变革方面的重要作用。综合现有研究表明,AI已成为连接生物医学数据、计算模型与实验验证的重要桥梁,不仅显著提升了药物研发早期的靶标发现、分子设计和药物评价效率,而且推动了自动化实验、自驱动实验室和虚拟细胞等新型研发模式的发展,为构建智能化药物研发体系提供了新的技术路径。然而,AI在药物研发中的广泛应用仍受到高质量数据不足、模型可解释性和泛化能力有限、多模态知识融合困难,以及实验验证和标准化评价体系不完善等因素的制约,其临床转化价值仍需要进一步验证。未来,应加强高质量数据资源和共享体系建设,发展融合生物机制与物理规律的可解释AI模型,推动生成式AI、多智能体系统与自驱动实验室深度融合,完善模型评价标准与监管体系,促进人工智能与实验科学协同创新,加快AI赋能药物研发向智能化、自动化和闭环化方向发展。
, authors=李洪林
1, 2, authorsList=李洪林, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=
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版权所有,未经授权,不得转载。, copyrightOwner=《科技导报》编辑部, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=KkNNoSCCQ1f4qnFJ1tfd4A==, magXml=tJu8+O+D4s2+NybGVZLqeA==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=Ptc8fECPCPLUk+/JKdxqoQ==, pdfFileSize=1482822, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=H4y+GhxAQIq13Ez1hlGxYg==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=PtmkmjVji9jHfSo3tXSmHw==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1296828788961202511, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296827252872863961, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=hlli@hsc.ecnu.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1296828789032505682, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296827252872863961, authorId=1296828788961202511, language=EN, stringName=Honglin LI, firstName=Honglin, middleName=null, lastName=LI, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
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1School of Pharmacy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
2Center for AI−Driven Drug Discovery and Innovation, Shanghai 200062, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1296828789091225939, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296827252872863961, authorId=1296828788961202511, language=CN, stringName=李洪林, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
1, 2, address=
1华东师范大学药学院,上海 200062
2人工智能新药创智中心,上海 200062, bio={"content":"
李洪林,教授,研究方向为药物靶标识别和药物发现的计算方法及其应用,电子信箱:hlli@hsc.ecnu.edu.cn
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李洪林,教授,研究方向为药物靶标识别和药物发现的计算方法及其应用,电子信箱:hlli@hsc.ecnu.edu.cn
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AI赋能的药物研发全流程, figureFileSmall=MqFDlpYFnpnF8NNqU+Paxw==, figureFileBig=H4y+GhxAQIq13Ez1hlGxYg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1296828790282408290, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296827252872863961, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 药物研发阶段 | 主要任务 | AI方法 | 代表模型 | 主要作用 | 验证方式 |
|---|
| 靶标发现 | 疾病关联分析 | 图神经网络、 知识图谱、 多组学模型 | DTINet[10]、 TxGNN[13]、 PINNACLE[17] | 整合疾病−基因− 药物关系,发现 潜在治疗靶标 | 文献验证、 细胞实验、 类器官验证 |
| 蛋白质设计 | 新蛋白生成、 结构优化 | 生成模型、 扩散模型 | ProteinMPNN[28]、 RFdiffusion[29] | 从序列和结构 空间设计功能蛋白 | 结构预测、 实验表达和功能检测 |
| 肽药设计 | 结合肽、 抗菌肽设计 | 扩散模型、 强化学习 | DiffPepBuilder[30]、 AMP−Diffusion[31] | 探索超大肽 序列空间 | 抗菌实验、 结合实验 |
| 先导物设计 | 分子生成、 虚拟筛选 | 分子生成模型、 图神经网络 | EDM[32]、SurfGen[33]、 DiffGui[34] | 生成具有潜在 活性的候选分子 | 对接、活性实验、 药理评价 |
| 化学合成 | 路线规划、 条件优化 | Transformer、 强化学习、 智能体 | ASKCOS[35]、 RXN[36]、 ChemOS[37] | 自动规划和 优化实验流程 | 实验产率验证 |
| 药效评价 | 活性预测、 机制解析 | 多模态学习、 表型模型 | PhenoModel[38]、 Boltz−2[39] | 预测结合能力和 细胞响应 | 细胞实验、 动物实验 |
| 成药性评价 | ADMET预测 | 深度学习、 QSAR | ADMETlab3.0[40]、 admetSAR3.0[41] | 提前筛除失败候选物 | 临床前实验 |
| 虚拟细胞 | 系统模拟、 药物响应预测 | 基础模型、 多智能体 | scGPT[15]、 CellForge[42] | 模拟细胞状态变化 | 实验数据一致性验证 |
), ArticleFig(id=1296828790353711459, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296827252872863961, language=CN, label=表1, caption=
AI在药物研发不同阶段中的主要应用
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 药物研发阶段 | 主要任务 | AI方法 | 代表模型 | 主要作用 | 验证方式 |
|---|
| 靶标发现 | 疾病关联分析 | 图神经网络、 知识图谱、 多组学模型 | DTINet[10]、 TxGNN[13]、 PINNACLE[17] | 整合疾病−基因− 药物关系,发现 潜在治疗靶标 | 文献验证、 细胞实验、 类器官验证 |
| 蛋白质设计 | 新蛋白生成、 结构优化 | 生成模型、 扩散模型 | ProteinMPNN[28]、 RFdiffusion[29] | 从序列和结构 空间设计功能蛋白 | 结构预测、 实验表达和功能检测 |
| 肽药设计 | 结合肽、 抗菌肽设计 | 扩散模型、 强化学习 | DiffPepBuilder[30]、 AMP−Diffusion[31] | 探索超大肽 序列空间 | 抗菌实验、 结合实验 |
| 先导物设计 | 分子生成、 虚拟筛选 | 分子生成模型、 图神经网络 | EDM[32]、SurfGen[33]、 DiffGui[34] | 生成具有潜在 活性的候选分子 | 对接、活性实验、 药理评价 |
| 化学合成 | 路线规划、 条件优化 | Transformer、 强化学习、 智能体 | ASKCOS[35]、 RXN[36]、 ChemOS[37] | 自动规划和 优化实验流程 | 实验产率验证 |
| 药效评价 | 活性预测、 机制解析 | 多模态学习、 表型模型 | PhenoModel[38]、 Boltz−2[39] | 预测结合能力和 细胞响应 | 细胞实验、 动物实验 |
| 成药性评价 | ADMET预测 | 深度学习、 QSAR | ADMETlab3.0[40]、 admetSAR3.0[41] | 提前筛除失败候选物 | 临床前实验 |
| 虚拟细胞 | 系统模拟、 药物响应预测 | 基础模型、 多智能体 | scGPT[15]、 CellForge[42] | 模拟细胞状态变化 | 实验数据一致性验证 |
), ArticleFig(id=1296828790433403236, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296827252872863961, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 代表模型 | 模型类型 | 主要任务 | 代表优势 | 主要局限 |
|---|
| DTINet[10] | 异构网络学习 | DTI预测 | 多源网络融合 | 偏关联预测 |
| TxGNN[13] | KG+GNN | 药物重定位 | Zero−shot预测 | 依赖知识图谱 |
| PINNACLE[17] | 图神经网络 | 靶标优选 | 细胞类型特异性表示 | 依赖PPI质量 |
| scGPT[15] | 单细胞基础模型 | 细胞状态建模 | 大规模预训练 | 跨平台校正需求 |
| GET[18] | Transformer | 转录调控预测 | 多组学整合 | 依赖ATAC数据 |
| AlphaFold3[20] | 深度学习 | 多组分结构预测 | 支持蛋白−核酸−配体复合物 | 动态构象不足 |
| RFdiffusion[29] | 扩散模型 | 从头蛋白设计 | 新蛋白生成能力强 | 实验验证需求 |
| ProteinMPNN[28] | 深度学习 | 蛋白序列设计 | 快速稳定设计 | 功能优化有限 |
| DiffPepBuilder[30] | 扩散模型 | 结合肽设计 | 同时设计序列和构象 | 需已知结合界面 |
| AMP−Diffusion[31] | 扩散模型 | 抗菌肽生成 | 快速探索序列空间 | 活性需验证 |
| PocketFlow[63] | 扩散模型 | Pocket内生成 | 靶标导向设计 | 合成性有限 |
| EDM[32] | 等变扩散 | 三维分子生成 | 保持三维对称性 | 计算成本较高 |
| Prompt−MolOpt[61] | LLM+RL | 分子优化 | 条件可控优化 | 对Prompt敏感 |
| RXN for Chemistry[36] | Transformer | 反应预测 | 高精度预测 | 依赖历史数据 |
| ASKCOS[35] | AI规划 | 合成路线设计 | 自动逆合成 | 路线仍需审核 |
| ChemCrow[68] | LLM智能体 | 自动实验 | 多工具协同 | 幻觉风险 |
| Boltz−2[39] | 基础模型 | 结合亲和力预测 | 接近FEP精度 | 需独立和前瞻性验证 |
| PhenoModel[38] | 多模态模型 | 表型药效预测 | 融合细胞形态表型信息 | 依赖表型数据 |
| ADMETlab3.0[40] | AI平台 | ADMET预测 | 多端点预测 | 部分端点精度有限 |
| CellForge[42] | 多智能体 | 虚拟细胞 | 扰动模拟与数字药筛 | 数据需求高 |
), ArticleFig(id=1296828790508900709, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1296827252872863961, language=CN, label=表2, caption=
AI药物研发流程中的典型模型及应用场景
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 代表模型 | 模型类型 | 主要任务 | 代表优势 | 主要局限 |
|---|
| DTINet[10] | 异构网络学习 | DTI预测 | 多源网络融合 | 偏关联预测 |
| TxGNN[13] | KG+GNN | 药物重定位 | Zero−shot预测 | 依赖知识图谱 |
| PINNACLE[17] | 图神经网络 | 靶标优选 | 细胞类型特异性表示 | 依赖PPI质量 |
| scGPT[15] | 单细胞基础模型 | 细胞状态建模 | 大规模预训练 | 跨平台校正需求 |
| GET[18] | Transformer | 转录调控预测 | 多组学整合 | 依赖ATAC数据 |
| AlphaFold3[20] | 深度学习 | 多组分结构预测 | 支持蛋白−核酸−配体复合物 | 动态构象不足 |
| RFdiffusion[29] | 扩散模型 | 从头蛋白设计 | 新蛋白生成能力强 | 实验验证需求 |
| ProteinMPNN[28] | 深度学习 | 蛋白序列设计 | 快速稳定设计 | 功能优化有限 |
| DiffPepBuilder[30] | 扩散模型 | 结合肽设计 | 同时设计序列和构象 | 需已知结合界面 |
| AMP−Diffusion[31] | 扩散模型 | 抗菌肽生成 | 快速探索序列空间 | 活性需验证 |
| PocketFlow[63] | 扩散模型 | Pocket内生成 | 靶标导向设计 | 合成性有限 |
| EDM[32] | 等变扩散 | 三维分子生成 | 保持三维对称性 | 计算成本较高 |
| Prompt−MolOpt[61] | LLM+RL | 分子优化 | 条件可控优化 | 对Prompt敏感 |
| RXN for Chemistry[36] | Transformer | 反应预测 | 高精度预测 | 依赖历史数据 |
| ASKCOS[35] | AI规划 | 合成路线设计 | 自动逆合成 | 路线仍需审核 |
| ChemCrow[68] | LLM智能体 | 自动实验 | 多工具协同 | 幻觉风险 |
| Boltz−2[39] | 基础模型 | 结合亲和力预测 | 接近FEP精度 | 需独立和前瞻性验证 |
| PhenoModel[38] | 多模态模型 | 表型药效预测 | 融合细胞形态表型信息 | 依赖表型数据 |
| ADMETlab3.0[40] | AI平台 | ADMET预测 | 多端点预测 | 部分端点精度有限 |
| CellForge[42] | 多智能体 | 虚拟细胞 | 扰动模拟与数字药筛 | 数据需求高 |
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