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塑料，尤其是聚乙烯、聚丙烯等聚烯烃，化学结构稳定且自然降解缓慢，是全球塑料污染治理中较难处理的一类材料。2019年，全球塑料废弃物产生量达3.53亿t，其中近一半被填埋。聚烯烃占塑料产量的60% 以上，其碳链含有大量稳定的碳—氢键和碳—碳键，难以在较温和条件下分解。

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（图片来源：Bioengineer）

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