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炼油是个名副其实的“电老虎”和“排碳大户”。为了从原油中提炼出石脑油、煤油等物资，炼油厂需要把原油加热到350℃以上进行蒸馏。全球每年为此要耗费超过1100太瓦时（TWh）的热量，占据了全球工业总能耗的近1%。在环境足迹方面，炼油需要每年向大气层排放超过1.6亿t二氧化碳当量（CO₂e）的温室气体。

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（图片来源：韩国科学技术院）

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