Article(id=1288421764405379774, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, issueId=1288421735473058437, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2025.10.00059, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1757865600000, receivedDateStr=2025-09-15, revisedDate=1765728000000, revisedDateStr=2025-12-15, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1785113286352, onlineDateStr=2026-07-27, pubDate=1783872000000, pubDateStr=2026-07-13, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1785113286352, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-07-27, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1785113286352, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1785113286352, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1288421735473058437, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, year='2026', volume='44', issue='13', pageStart='1', pageEnd='188', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1783872000000', pubDateStr='2026-07-13', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1785113279455, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1785113348006, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1288422023114240128, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, issueId=1288421735473058437, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1288422023118434433, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, issueId=1288421735473058437, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=23, endPage=27, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1288421764652843711, articleId=1288421764405379774, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, language=EN, title=Mesoscience enabling one−step scale−up of multiphase reactors, columnId=1150494641880182997, journalTitle=Science & Technology Review, columnName=Commentary, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Traditional research and development (R&D) modes relying on empirical trial−and−error struggle to meet the development needs of the process industry under the national carbon goals. In contrast, mesoscience can provide important theoretical support for the high-end, intelligent, and green development of the process industry. "Mesoscience−enabled one−step scale−up of multiphase reactors from laboratory to industrial scale" was selected as one of the Top Ten Engineering and Technical Challenges of 2024 by the China Association for Science and Technology, highlighting the scientific value and engineering significance of this research direction. This paper explores the role of mesoscience in revealing the dynamic evolution of mesoscale structures and its theoretical support for precise material design, one−step scale−up of reactor, and process intensification. It systematically analyzes key bottlenecks restricting development, including insufficient systematic research on mesoscales, lagging development of independent industrial software, resistance in technology transformation, and low enterprise participation hinder its progress. Furthermore, countermeasures such as strengthening top−level design and policy support, deepening theoretical research on mesoscience, accelerating the construction of independent software and hardware systems, and promoting industry−academia−research collaborative are proposed. These measures will facilitate breakthroughs in one−step scale−up of multiphase reactors, support the green and low−carbon transformation of process industry, and contribute to achieving national carbon goals.

, authors=Limin WANG1, 2, Wei GE1, 2, Wei WANG1, 2, authorsList=Limin WANG, Wei GE, Wei WANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=All rights reserved. Unauthorized reproduction is prohibited., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1288421765126800064, articleId=1288421764405379774, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, language=CN, title=介科学支撑多相反应器一步放大, columnId=1150494642043760854, journalTitle=科技导报, columnName=科技评论, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

传统经验试错研发模式已难以满足“双碳”目标下过程工业的发展需求,而介科学可为过程工业高端化、智能化、绿色化发展提供重要理论支撑。“介科学支撑多相反应器从实验室到工业规模的一步放大”入选中国科学技术协会2024年十大工程技术难题,凸显了该研究方向的重要意义。探讨了介科学方法在揭示介尺度结构动态演变规律及其对材料精准设计、反应器一步放大和过程强化的理论支撑作用;系统分析了当前介尺度研究存在的系统性不足、自主工业软件研发滞后、技术转化阻力大及企业参与度低等制约发展的关键瓶颈;提出了加强顶层设计与政策支持、深化介科学理论研究、加快自主软硬件体系建设、推动产学研协同创新等对策,以促进多相反应器一步放大技术的突破与应用,助力过程工业绿色低碳转型和高水平发展,支撑国家“双碳”战略目标实现。

, authors=王利民1, 2, 葛蔚1, 2, 王维1, 2, authorsList=王利民, 葛蔚, 王维, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=

王利民,研究员,研究方向为湍流与多相流、介科学及智能工业仿真软件,电子信箱:

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王利民,研究员,研究方向为湍流与多相流、介科学及智能工业仿真软件,电子信箱:

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王利民 1, 2 , 葛蔚 1, 2 , 王维 1, 2
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2中国科学院大学化学工程学院,北京 100049, bio={"content":"

王利民,研究员,研究方向为湍流与多相流、介科学及智能工业仿真软件,电子信箱:

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王利民,研究员,研究方向为湍流与多相流、介科学及智能工业仿真软件,电子信箱:

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王利民1, 2 , 葛蔚1, 2, 王维1, 2
作者信息
  • 1中国科学院过程工程研究所介科学与过程工程全国重点实验室,北京100190
  • 2中国科学院大学化学工程学院,北京 100049
作者简介:

王利民,研究员,研究方向为湍流与多相流、介科学及智能工业仿真软件,电子信箱:

Mesoscience enabling one−step scale−up of multiphase reactors
Limin WANG1, 2 , Wei GE1, 2, Wei WANG1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1State Key Laboratory of Mesoscience and Process Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
  • 2School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
出版时间: 2026-07-13 doi: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2025.10.00059
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传统经验试错研发模式已难以满足“双碳”目标下过程工业的发展需求,而介科学可为过程工业高端化、智能化、绿色化发展提供重要理论支撑。“介科学支撑多相反应器从实验室到工业规模的一步放大”入选中国科学技术协会2024年十大工程技术难题,凸显了该研究方向的重要意义。探讨了介科学方法在揭示介尺度结构动态演变规律及其对材料精准设计、反应器一步放大和过程强化的理论支撑作用;系统分析了当前介尺度研究存在的系统性不足、自主工业软件研发滞后、技术转化阻力大及企业参与度低等制约发展的关键瓶颈;提出了加强顶层设计与政策支持、深化介科学理论研究、加快自主软硬件体系建设、推动产学研协同创新等对策,以促进多相反应器一步放大技术的突破与应用,助力过程工业绿色低碳转型和高水平发展,支撑国家“双碳”战略目标实现。

介科学  /  多相反应器  /  一步放大  /  虚拟过程工程  /  过程工业

Traditional research and development (R&D) modes relying on empirical trial−and−error struggle to meet the development needs of the process industry under the national carbon goals. In contrast, mesoscience can provide important theoretical support for the high-end, intelligent, and green development of the process industry. "Mesoscience−enabled one−step scale−up of multiphase reactors from laboratory to industrial scale" was selected as one of the Top Ten Engineering and Technical Challenges of 2024 by the China Association for Science and Technology, highlighting the scientific value and engineering significance of this research direction. This paper explores the role of mesoscience in revealing the dynamic evolution of mesoscale structures and its theoretical support for precise material design, one−step scale−up of reactor, and process intensification. It systematically analyzes key bottlenecks restricting development, including insufficient systematic research on mesoscales, lagging development of independent industrial software, resistance in technology transformation, and low enterprise participation hinder its progress. Furthermore, countermeasures such as strengthening top−level design and policy support, deepening theoretical research on mesoscience, accelerating the construction of independent software and hardware systems, and promoting industry−academia−research collaborative are proposed. These measures will facilitate breakthroughs in one−step scale−up of multiphase reactors, support the green and low−carbon transformation of process industry, and contribute to achieving national carbon goals.

mesoscience  /  multiphase reactor  /  one−step scale−up  /  virtual process engineering  /  process industry
王利民, 葛蔚, 王维. 介科学支撑多相反应器一步放大. 科技导报, 2026 , 44 (13) : 23 -27 . DOI: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2025.10.00059
Limin WANG, Wei GE, Wei WANG. Mesoscience enabling one−step scale−up of multiphase reactors[J]. Science & Technology Review, 2026 , 44 (13) : 23 -27 . DOI: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2025.10.00059
化工过程放大的目的是通过传递与反应的有效结合,将小试、中试结果在更大处理能力的工业装置上“重现”,以低成本生产出质量合格的产品。基于反应特性与工艺操作方式的不同,传统的化工过程放大有规模放大(scale−up)和数量放大(numbering−up)两种模式[1]。在放大过程中,涉及流动、传热及传质等关键物理现象的“三传”问题显得尤为突出。由于不同传递速率的作用,实际反应速率控制模式可能从本征动力学主导转向由传递速率所主导。随着化学工程理论体系不断完善与计算机技术飞速进展,对真实化工过程进行高精度模拟计算[2],乃至在虚拟环境中开展化学工程实验,逐渐成为化学工程师关注的焦点。
介科学的目标是发展一种极可能普遍的原理,为不同层次的学科建立一个桥梁,将单元尺度的机制与系统的行为联系起来。过程工业中大多数物质与能量转化过程最终发生在原子或分子尺度,而工业生产运行在宏观的设备尺度,两者跨越的时空尺度大致在10个量级[3]。一步放大的科学挑战在于对从原子到生态环境的多尺度结构,特别是对各单元与系统尺度间复杂的介尺度动态结构缺乏理性认识和量化分析手段,而这在广泛应用的多相反应器中表现得尤为突出。虚拟过程工程是连接介科学与新工艺开发的重要桥梁,正在推动过程工业研发方式由经验试错和逐级放大向机理驱动、模型辅助和智能优化转变。基于介科学的虚拟过程工程为突破传统逐级放大模式提供了新的理论基础和技术路径,有望显著提升过程开发的效率、可靠性和精细化水平。若能充分发挥中国在介科学方法和应用基础研究方面的优势,并基于结构和逻辑一致性的理念,贯通自主软件、硬件、模型、算法与工程应用全技术链条,将有望引领过程工业绿色低碳和高质量发展。
多相反应器在化工生产中占有重要地位,但其从实验室到工业规模的放大过程存在诸多不确定性。传统的将实验室研究成果扩大到工业规模生产,需要经历从小试、中试、工业示范到工业化等逐级放大过程,周期长、成本高、优化不足且风险大,实现多相反应器的一步放大是化工人一直以来追逐的梦想。
过程工业涵盖化工、冶金、能源、材料、资源和环境等行业,是国民经济的支柱产业,贡献了约20%的国内生产总值(GDP)[4]。然而,这些行业也是能源资源消耗和碳排放的主要来源,占总碳排放的近40%。传统的研发模式高度依赖于经验试错和逐级放大,耗时长、成本高、优化不足且风险大,不能适应碳达峰碳中和目标的紧迫性需求(例如,煤气化、清洁汽油和非焦炼铁技术的研发都历时20余年)。为应对这些挑战,除了具体工艺、材料、装备以及流程的变革,一个共性的关键点是研发模式的变革,通过多学科交叉融合和集成先进智能化信息技术[5],实现过程工业的高效绿色、低碳化和去碳化再造,支撑国家新质生产力的形成与碳达峰目标的实现。
在此背景下,气固、气液、液固和气液固等多相反应器作为过程工业中应用最广泛、行为最复杂且放大最困难的装备,其多尺度结构的形成机理和调控方法是尤其需要突破的共性基础,对变革过程技术的研发模式,不仅意义重大,而且具有很强的可行性。
近10多年来,中国化工界原创提出的介科学聚焦介尺度结构的动态演变规律,通过学科交叉,研究复杂过程的控制机制和演化机理。在国内外学术界各方面支持下,已牵头成立了国际介科学组织,相关研究和应用在国内外方兴未艾,为实现材料精准可控设计、反应器一步放大、系统高度集成及过程强化提供了有力的理论支撑。中国原创的介科学方法及虚拟过程工程技术,初步验证了各种化工系统中共存的介尺度结构,皆满足“竞争中协调”的共性机理[6]。基于介科学方法开发的工业仿真软件,可在模拟精度、效率上有显著提升,助力实现过程一步放大,解决过程工业可持续发展的瓶颈问题。该理论和技术被国际学术界认为是“宏大的革命性主张、核心的化学工程方法、形成了中国学派”[79],并广泛认可其领先地位。
在模拟计算的软件开发与工程应用方面,虽然多相流模拟软件已初具虚拟装备能力,但这些模拟软件都是采用平均化方法处理介尺度非均匀结构,掩盖了多相系统的本质特征,难以揭示介尺度结构形成的物理机制及准确预测实际流动和传递过程。中国提出了新的软硬件体系结构,初步具备了从底层机理构建虚拟工厂的能力[10],受到了国际上的广泛关注。目前多相流领域使用较为广泛的商业软件Ansys Fluent、Barracuda、Siemens Star−CCM+等都将基于中国介科学研究的曳力公式作为标准选项[1113]。相关研究成果已应用于10余家世界500强企业的技术研发。国家自然科学基金委员会组织实施的国际首个介科学重大研究计划终评获优秀,并由此形成了以中国科学院和国内多所高校为主体的介科学方法及实例研究全国合作网络。
碳中和是国家重大战略目标。现在仍高度依赖经验试错、逐级放大的研发模式,难以支撑化工行业在30年内完成低碳重塑、减排60%~70%的目标。多相反应器是广泛应用的化工装备,其一步放大将支撑行业的低碳变革和数字智能化转型,抢占国际制高点。
一步放大通常指在完成实验室小试研究后,借助高保真模拟与智能优化技术,直接构建满足工业级产量、纯度与能效要求的工艺与设备方案。其核心判据在于:关键性能指标(如转化率、选择性、能耗)的预测误差需控制在预设范围内(例如±5%)。在此条件下,可无需依赖传统的逐级中试验证,直接完成从实验室到工业装置的工艺设计与设备放大。如何实现多相反应器从实验室到工业规模的一步放大,避免逐步试错的中试环节,从而缩短研发周期、降低成本,是化工产业升级的关键挑战。一步放大的根本难点源于工业过程的多尺度、非线性与强耦合特性。实验室尺度下可精准控制的传递与反应条件,在工业尺度下因流场、混合、传热/传质的尺度效应而显著偏离,导致“放大效应”。传统方法依赖逐级试验获取经验关联,而核心科学挑战在于建立能够跨越多个数量级尺度,并保持预测精度的介科学模型,以及实现模型参数在未知工况下的可靠外推。而对从原子到生态环境的多尺度结构,特别是对各单元与系统尺度间复杂的介尺度动态结构[14],缺乏深入理解和有效的量化分析方法,这在广泛应用的气固、气液、液固和气液固等多相反应器中尤为显著[1516]
工业软件的开发需要深厚的技术积累和长期的研发投入,而这些往往是国内企业及科研院校所缺乏的。此外,工业软件的应用场景复杂多样,需要软件具有高度的适应性和灵活性,对研发团队的技术水平和经验提出了很高的要求。中国科研人员基于介科学原理提出超级计算新范式,并以此研发多尺度工业仿真软硬件系统,有望驱动研发模式的数字化、智能化变革。传统的工业仿真软件尚未系统引入介科学研究的成果,因此在很多化工问题的模拟精度、规模和效率方面,仍有显著的欠缺,难以满足过程工业研发模式变革的需求。
在当前中国科技成果转化模式中,少有企业愿意接手从单元技术到全流程的整体技术,常只有一个车间的技术,其他车间技术贫乏甚至没有;由于调试周期长、投入大,企业难以下决心投入整个流程。因此,这种基于科学理论基础的全流程技术,企业还未积极参与,未得到广泛的应用,急需产学研进一步深度结合,将数字化、智能化理念与技术从设计、交付阶段扩展到运行阶段,共同在过程工业企业推广虚拟工厂技术,提升企业智能制造的能力。
介科学方法聚焦于介尺度结构的动态演变规律,为实现材料精准可控设计、反应器一步放大、系统高度集成及过程强化提供了理论支撑。介科学支撑多相反应器从实验室到工业规模的一步放大,避免中间试验环节,是提高化工生产效率的关键。该技术的突破将大幅缩短新产品从研发到市场应用的时间,降低生产成本,对于促进过程工业的高端化、智能化、绿色化发展,支撑国家“双碳”目标的实现,具有重要的战略意义。为了加快推动介科学支撑多相反应器一步放大,建议加强顶层引导和政策支持,加强理论研究,加快过程工业自主软硬件体系建设,并组建科技创新联盟,引导企业积极参与技术转化和推广,促进过程工业的绿色低碳和高质量发展,支撑国家“双碳”目标的实现。
以现有的共性认识积累和应用需求强化介科学研究的“顶层设计”,采用实例分析与共性问题探讨双管齐下的研究思路。实例研究以针对应用需求和解决、验证现已发现的共性问题为目标进行布局,通过实例研究和理论探索进一步发展理论和方法。在此基础上,结合当前“卡脖子”技术的现状及人工智能(artificial intelligence,AI)技术的发展,通过介科学方法引导AI机器学习[17],抢占科技制高点,重新判读或布局实例研究。按此过程进行多次循环迭代,发展、完善介科学方法,并指导重大应用。
从科学根源出发,深入理解介尺度复杂性的影响,准确预测和调控过程工业中的介尺度结构;基于自主知识产权软件,构建自主生态系统。提供准确、高效、经济的全新研发手段和模式,建立主要工艺反应器一步放大的模拟优化和减排示范,推动低碳产业的跨越式发展。解决这一问题需从介科学和虚拟过程两方面着手。首先,科学根源在于过程工业中的多尺度和多层次结构,其中介尺度是难点和瓶颈,目前对其认识有限。复杂系统中的时空动态结构的量化与调控是当代科学最具挑战性的难题之一,对应现有知识体系的缺失环节。深入理解介尺度复杂性对于研究材料的构效关系、反应器内的反应与传递过程、系统集成等具有重要意义。只有实现了流动、传递和反应在介尺度的耦合,才能够准确理解、预测、设计和调控多相反应器。由于该领域的前瞻性,建议可以通过国际介科学组织,通过凝练介尺度关键科学问题和重点研究方向,整合相关力量,开展更加有针对性的重点联合攻关研究;联合国际学术界和产业界分别聚焦介科学共性原理和实例研究,保持和提升中国在这一新兴交叉领域的优势地位,培养一大批具有国际视野的科技与管理人才,促进中国科学技术的跨越发展和世界科学技术模式的转变。这将是一个具有鲜明特色的国际组织,符合国际合作交流的代表性方向。
基于介科学的虚拟过程将成为一种全新的过程研发模式,不仅可以大幅度缩短过程放大周期,也使产品精细化成为可能。虚拟过程是连接介科学与新技术新工艺开发的桥梁,它是一种实体化、功能化的开发和分析工具及知识库,将实验室成果快速应用于过程开发,将大幅提升中国过程工业对核心技术的研发能力。介科学在提升准确性和效率上,为虚拟过程提供基础。当前,过程工业自主软硬件体系亟待建立。现阶段,中国过程工业发展所必需的软硬件高度依赖国外,而新兴的、基于介科学软硬件体系的研发因体量巨大、学科交叉、协同困难,进展仍严重滞后。中国过程工业仍普遍依赖国外的工程设计、软件和硬件工具数据库,不但未能充分利用国内的基础研究成果,还在工艺设备研发和系统运行调控等关键环节,面临巨大卡脖子风险,严重影响低碳发展全局。另一方面,国外软硬件设计传统上也基于平均方法,缺乏对介尺度复杂结构的考虑,计算速度和准确性远远不能满足需要。近年来,国外著名工业软件厂商(如Ansys、Siemens)逐渐将基于中国介科学研究的典型曳力公式作为其标准选项,以提高其准确性。另外,当前的软件多聚焦于相对容易处理但相互分隔的边界尺度,对新工艺和技术研发急需处理的跨层次、多尺度复杂问题仍缺乏介尺度软件。如能充分发挥中国在介科学方法和应用基础研究方面的优势、基于结构和逻辑一致性理念,打通软硬件整个技术链条,将获得绿色低碳发展的不可替代的优势。有望引领过程工业绿色低碳及高质量发展,并可促进高性能计算效率的突破。
多相反应器的一步放大将强力支撑化工行业的低碳化、智能化、高端化转型升级。介科学方法的发展将使化学工程的学科基础从反应、传递和流动的单元过程描述,以及宏尺度近似理论与经验关联的层面,跨越到基于介科学方法的多尺度耦合定量描述的层面,成为更加完备的工程学科。鼓励高校和科研机构与企业合作,结合企业的生产运行、工程设计能力和平台的技术能力,将数字化、智能化理念与技术从设计、交付阶段扩展到运行阶段,共同在过程工业企业推广虚拟工厂技术。基于运行期的数据积累,建立状态预测、故障诊断、设备管理等模块,不断增强虚拟工厂的功能,提升企业智能制造的能力。基于介科学方法,形成反应器从实验室到工业规模一步放大的成套核心技术,打造自主的模拟与测试方法、软件、专利、仪器、实验与计算装备及其集成平台,有望变革过程工业的研发模式。同时,形成一支产研结合的跨学科研发队伍,并以此建立数字中试企业服务与持续研发体系,在过程工业中广泛应用,全面支撑其升级转型。
  • 中国科学院化工冶金低碳变革技术及示范战略性先导科技专项(XDA0390501)
  • 国家自然科学基金面上项目(52476162)
  • 国家自然科学基金重大项目(T2394501)
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2026年第44卷第13期
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doi: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2025.10.00059
  • 接收时间:2025-09-15
  • 首发时间:2026-07-27
  • 出版时间:2026-07-13
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  • 收稿日期:2025-09-15
  • 修回日期:2025-12-15
基金
中国科学院化工冶金低碳变革技术及示范战略性先导科技专项(XDA0390501)
国家自然科学基金面上项目(52476162)
国家自然科学基金重大项目(T2394501)
作者信息
    1中国科学院过程工程研究所介科学与过程工程全国重点实验室,北京100190
    2中国科学院大学化学工程学院,北京 100049
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
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Number of
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种数
Number of
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Percentage of
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种数
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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