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在太阳系中，行星的轨道几何分布呈现出鲜明的“内小外大”及“内石外气”格局，即星系内侧分布着4颗密实的岩石行星，外侧则分布着4颗气态与冰巨行星。然而，自2009年开普勒太空望远镜（Kepler）发射以来，系外行星凌星巡天观测彻底颠覆了这一固有认知。天文学界发现，银河系中最为普遍的行星类型是介于地球和海王星尺寸之间的“中等尺寸”行星，而这类行星在太阳系中却完全缺席。

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（图片来源：美国国家航空航天局）

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