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美国非营利机构Spark Climate Solutions的研究人员与合作者发现,一氧化碳(CO)和挥发性有机物不仅会污染人们呼吸的空气,还会在大气中引发各种化学反应,导致地球升温。2026年6月11日,相关研究成果发表于《Science》。

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(图片来源: Spark Climate Solutions)

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    美国非营利机构Spark Climate Solutions的研究人员与合作者发现,一氧化碳(CO)和挥发性有机物不仅会污染人们呼吸的空气,还会在大气中引发各种化学反应,导致地球升温。2026年6月11日,相关研究成果发表于《Science》。

    . 间接温室气体造成15%全球变暖. 科技导报, 2026 , 44 (12) : 7 -7 .
    . Science & Technology Review, 2026 , 44 (12) : 7 -7 .
    美国非营利机构Spark Climate Solutions的研究人员与合作者发现,一氧化碳(CO)和挥发性有机物不仅会污染人们呼吸的空气,还会在大气中引发各种化学反应,导致地球升温。2026年6月11日,相关研究成果发表于《Science》。
    自前工业化时期以来,约15%的全球变暖效应并非由传统温室气体造成,而是缘于CO和挥发性有机物。它们的升温贡献是第3大常见温室气体即一氧化二氮(N2O)的2倍。然而,绝大多数国家都未将这类常见的“间接温室气体”纳入减排目标。
    Spark Climate Solutions的Ilissa Ocko主持了这项研究,呼吁人们更多地关注这些气体。她表示:“有一系列被长期忽视的空气污染物,如今正持续加剧全球变暖。如果我们将其纳入气候治理政策,未来全球变暖的速度可能显著放缓。”
    间接温室气体包括CO、非甲烷挥发性有机物(NMVOCs)、氮氧化物(NOx)和氢气(H2)。CO和NMVOCs对气候的直接影响很小,但它们会引发大气中的化学反应,从而增加温室气体的浓度——尤其是臭氧(O3)和甲烷(CH4)。例如,平流层上部的天然O3能够阻挡有害的紫外线,但近地面大气中形成的O3却会吸收本该辐射到太空中的热量。
    间接温室气体还会通过消耗羟基自由基加剧全球变暖。羟基自由基活性极强,如同大气中的清洁剂,可以分解包括CH4在内的多种污染物。一旦大量羟基自由基与CO、挥发性有机物发生反应,那么分解CH4的有用化合物就会变少。
    目前,间接温室气体加上同样未被纳入气候治理方案和各国排放数据的黑碳(煤烟),合计造成全球气温上升了0.3℃。而其中一部分升温效应被二氧化硫(SO2)等阻挡阳光的气溶胶和NOx在一定程度上抵消了。NOx在部分区域会通过生成近地面O3而使全球变暖,但由于会产生羟基自由基,因此总体上被认为具有净冷却效应。
    CO2可在大气中留存数100年,CH4能存在数十年,而间接温室气体短短数小时内就会分解,最长也不过数年。这意味着,只要减少这类气体的排放,其造成的升温效应便会快速消退。
    (综合:《Science》、科学网、Spark Climate Solutions)

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    2种不同金属材料的力学参数

    Family
    属数
    Number of
    genus
    种数
    Number of
    species
    占总种数比例
    Percentage of
    total species (%)

    Genus
    种数
    Number of
    species
    占总种数比例
    Percentage of total
    species (%)
    鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
    小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
    多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
    红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
    小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
    光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
    红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
    栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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