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在森林、草原、湿地,甚至许多农田之下,都隐藏着一个庞大的地下真菌网络,它支撑着植物的生长,并在全球碳循环中扮演着重要角色。如今,科学家绘制出首张全球菌丝体网络数字地图,揭示了长达110千万亿km的丛枝菌根真菌网络。研究发现,这些真菌不仅能够与植物交换养分,还有助于调节全球气候。2026年6月11日,相关研究成果发表于《Science》。

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(图片来源:地下网络保护协会)

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    在森林、草原、湿地,甚至许多农田之下,都隐藏着一个庞大的地下真菌网络,它支撑着植物的生长,并在全球碳循环中扮演着重要角色。如今,科学家绘制出首张全球菌丝体网络数字地图,揭示了长达110千万亿km的丛枝菌根真菌网络。研究发现,这些真菌不仅能够与植物交换养分,还有助于调节全球气候。2026年6月11日,相关研究成果发表于《Science》。

    . 全球首张地下真菌网络地图问世. 科技导报, 2026 , 44 (12) : 9 -9 .
    . Science & Technology Review, 2026 , 44 (12) : 9 -9 .
    在森林、草原、湿地,甚至许多农田之下,都隐藏着一个庞大的地下真菌网络,它支撑着植物的生长,并在全球碳循环中扮演着重要角色。如今,科学家绘制出首张全球菌丝体网络数字地图,揭示了长达110千万亿km的丛枝菌根真菌网络。研究发现,这些真菌不仅能够与植物交换养分,还有助于调节全球气候。2026年6月11日,相关研究成果发表于《Science》。
    丛枝菌根真菌是一类古老的土壤真菌,遍布于大多数陆地生态系统中。它们与全球约70%的植物物种形成共生关系,为后者提供养分和水并换取碳元素。
    鉴于真菌的重要性,地下网络保护协会(SPUN)的Justin Stewart和同事Toby Kiers等着手量化这种隐藏的网络,并绘制出这张地下循环系统的分布图。
    研究结果表明,全球丛枝菌根真菌网络所蕴藏的碳总量约为3亿t,相当于现在人类碳含量总和的5倍。Stewart认为,它们对地球的许多不同功能都至关重要,例如每年将约10014亿t二氧化碳(CO2)转移到土壤中(相当于所有人类相关CO2排放量的11%)。
    研究人员估计,全球约40%的丛枝菌根真菌生活在草原生态系统中,特别是位于南苏丹的淹没草原、美国佛罗里达大沼泽地和青藏高原的生态系统。他们表示,这很令人担忧,因为草原正在迅速转变为农田。
    与此同时,农田中的真菌已显著减少。尽管农田中的植物数量很多,但与未开垦的生态系统相比,大规模种植作物的土壤中的真菌网络密度低了约50%。这可能是因为杀菌剂能够直接杀死真菌,而耕作则破坏了它们的网络。此外,大量使用化肥可能破坏了真菌与植物间维持共生关系的碳和养分交换。
    (综合:《Science》《中国科学报》)

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    2种不同金属材料的力学参数

    Family
    属数
    Number of
    genus
    种数
    Number of
    species
    占总种数比例
    Percentage of
    total species (%)

    Genus
    种数
    Number of
    species
    占总种数比例
    Percentage of total
    species (%)
    鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
    小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
    多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
    红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
    小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
    光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
    红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
    栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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