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    白天多到户外活动,有助于降低儿童青少年近视风险,但夜间光照会不会反过来影响眼球发育?随着人工照明和电子屏幕深入儿童生活环境,这一问题正在变得越来越现实。

    . 睡觉开灯,眼睛也会“醒着”. 科技导报, 2026 , 44 (12) : 4 -4 .
    . Science & Technology Review, 2026 , 44 (12) : 4 -4 .
    白天多到户外活动,有助于降低儿童青少年近视风险,但夜间光照会不会反过来影响眼球发育?随着人工照明和电子屏幕深入儿童生活环境,这一问题正在变得越来越现实。
    首都医科大学附属北京同仁医院王宁利团队发现,夜间不合时宜的光照,尤其是蓝光,可能通过黑视蛋白(melanopsin)信号通路促进眼轴异常增长,增加儿童青少年近视风险。
    在动物实验中,小鼠连续28天接受夜间300 lx、4000 K光照后,出现近视性屈光改变和眼轴延长,视网膜中Opn4及多种节律基因表达降低。由于小鼠整体活动节律并未明显紊乱,研究人员认为,这种影响更可能首先发生在视网膜局部。进一步实验显示,接近黑视蛋白敏感峰值的夜间蓝光也可诱导类似改变;而缺失Opn4后,这一效应明显减弱。
    中国30个省份148582名儿童青少年的人群实验显示,户外夜间光照水平越高,学校近视患病率越高。个体随访进一步发现,当整夜平均光照强度超过10 lx时,儿童新发近视风险显著升高;入睡早期的微弱光暴露,也可能带来额外风险,且小学阶段儿童更为敏感。
    (来源于中国科技期刊卓越行动计划入选期刊:《Science China Life Sciences》,2026,69(5))

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    2种不同金属材料的力学参数

    Family
    属数
    Number of
    genus
    种数
    Number of
    species
    占总种数比例
    Percentage of
    total species (%)

    Genus
    种数
    Number of
    species
    占总种数比例
    Percentage of total
    species (%)
    鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
    小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
    多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
    红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
    小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
    光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
    红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
    栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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