Article(id=1276202994001637972, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, issueId=1276202956391313894, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2025.11.00039, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1763568000000, receivedDateStr=2025-11-20, revisedDate=1777219200000, revisedDateStr=2026-04-27, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1782200104474, onlineDateStr=2026-06-23, pubDate=1781280000000, pubDateStr=2026-06-13, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1782200104474, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-06-23, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1782200104474, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1782200104474, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1276202956391313894, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, year='2026', volume='44', issue='11', pageStart='1', pageEnd='136', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1782200095507, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1782200147766, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1276203176344810276, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, issueId=1276202956391313894, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1276203176344810277, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, issueId=1276202956391313894, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=58, endPage=68, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1276202995238957654, articleId=1276202994001637972, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, language=EN, title=Transcriptomic features of immune microenvironment remodeling induced by intraperitoneal chemotherapy in gastric cancer with peritoneal metastasis, columnId=1150494642224591153, journalTitle=Science & Technology Review, columnName=Exclusive, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Gastric cancer peritoneal metastasis (GCPM) carries a poor prognosis, and the local immune microenvironment is central to disease progression and treatment response. Here, we analyzed paired peritoneal lavage samples collected before and after intraperitoneal chemotherapy (IPC) using bulk RNA sequencing (bulk RNA−seq) and single−cell RNA sequencing (scRNA−seq) to characterize IPC associated immune changes. Bulk RNA−seq showed post−IPC upregulation of immune−related genes, including IL1B, IRAK2, ICAM1, and NLRP3. Pathway enrichment of differentially expressed genes indicated that immune/inflammatory programs—chemokine signaling, and Toll−like receptor signaling—were enriched after IPC, whereas pre−treatment samples were relatively enriched for stromal−remodeling processes, including epithelial−mesenchymal transition (EMT), complement and coagulation cascades, and angiogenesis. CIBERSORT deconvolution further suggested an increase in CD8+T cells and a decrease in Treg cells and overall myeloid proportions after IPC. Consistently, scRNA−seq showed higher T/NK−cell proportions and lower myeloid proportions post−treatment. Cell−cell communication analysis further revealed strengthened interactions between CD8_CTL cells and myeloid subsets, most notably along the CCL4−CCR5 and NECTIN2−CD226 axes—consistent with enhanced recruitment and activation of effector lymphocytes. Overall, IPC was associated with increased effector T−cell activity and attenuation of myeloid suppressive features, indicating partial remodeling of the peritoneal immune microenvironment. These findings provide a transcriptomic basis for optimizing local therapeutic strategies in GCPM.

, correspAuthors=Yarui MA, Yuchen JIAO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=All rights reserved. Unauthorized reproduction is prohibited., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Liting YANG, Yarui MA, Yuchen JIAO), CN=ArticleExt(id=1276203002507686500, articleId=1276202994001637972, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, language=CN, title=腹腔灌注化疗诱导腹膜转移胃癌患者免疫微环境重塑的转录组特征, columnId=1150494642375586098, journalTitle=科技导报, columnName=特色专题, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

胃癌腹膜转移(gastric cancer peritoneal metastasis,GCPM)预后较差,局部免疫微环境在疾病进展与治疗反应中具有重要作用。本研究整合腹腔灌注化疗(intraperitoneal chemotherapy,IPC)前、后配对的腹腔灌洗液转录组测序(bulk RNA sequencing,bulk RNA−seq)与单细胞转录组测序(single−cell RNA sequencing,scRNA−seq)数据,对IPC相关的免疫微环境变化进行系统分析。bulk RNA−seq显示,IPC后免疫相关基因如IL1B、IRAK2、ICAM1、NLRP3表达上调。差异基因通路富集提示,IPC后趋化因子、Toll样受体等免疫炎症相关通路更为富集,而IPC前主要富集于上皮−间质转化、补体与凝血及血管生成等基质重塑相关通路。CIBERSORT去卷积提示,IPC后CD8+ T细胞比例上升,Treg细胞比例下降并伴随髓系细胞比例降低。scRNA−seq结果提示,IPC后T/NK细胞比例增加,髓系比例下降。细胞通讯分析进一步显示,IPC后CD8_CTL与髓系亚群互作增强,特别是CCL4−CCR5和NECTIN2−CD226等信号通路的上调,提示IPC可能促进免疫细胞的活化与募集。总体而言,IPC通过增强效应T细胞活化和调节髓系细胞功能,进而诱导抗肿瘤免疫反应增强和免疫抑制作用减弱,提示腹膜微环境发生部分重塑,为优化局部干预策略提供转录组学依据。

, correspAuthors=马亚锐, 焦宇辰, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
马亚锐(通信作者),博士后,研究方向为功能基因组学、肿瘤基因组、肿瘤药物高通量筛选,电子信箱:;
焦宇辰(共同通信作者),教授,研究方向为基于多组学及功能基因组的肿瘤机制及转化,电子信箱:
, copyrightStatement=版权所有,未经授权,不得转载。, copyrightOwner=《科技导报》编辑部, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=ZnXvswET3LzHj6i7AJjpTQ==, magXml=Zq0PLFx1LkUs4iFw1YO1/Q==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=RV4tmBjcJc2ZeO+VjpnJdg==, pdfFileSize=1522509, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=F09mHQmXHJ0PyrNjQxvyQw==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=6Ik3iC5ltTpTnd0TcKGCDg==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

杨丽婷,硕士研究生,研究方向为肿瘤微环境,电子信箱:

, authorsList=杨丽婷, 马亚锐, 焦宇辰)}, authors=[Author(id=1276203003111666282, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1276202994001637972, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=ylt_hmu@163.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1276203003187163756, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1276202994001637972, authorId=1276203003111666282, language=EN, stringName=Liting YANG, firstName=Liting, middleName=null, lastName=YANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=null, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1276203003539485293, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1276202994001637972, authorId=1276203003111666282, language=CN, stringName=杨丽婷, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=null, bio={"content":"

杨丽婷,硕士研究生,研究方向为肿瘤微环境,电子信箱:

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杨丽婷,硕士研究生,研究方向为肿瘤微环境,电子信箱:

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null), Author(id=1276203003644342895, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1276202994001637972, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=yaruima@126.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1276203004026024560, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1276202994001637972, authorId=1276203003644342895, language=EN, stringName=Yarui MA, firstName=Yarui, middleName=null, lastName=MA, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=*, address=null, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1276203004340597361, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1276202994001637972, authorId=1276203003644342895, language=CN, stringName=马亚锐, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=*, address=null, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null), Author(id=1276203005905072755, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1276202994001637972, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=jiaoyuchen@cicams.ac.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1276203005988958836, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1276202994001637972, authorId=1276203005905072755, language=EN, stringName=Yuchen JIAO, firstName=Yuchen, middleName=null, lastName=JIAO, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=*, address=null, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1276203006102205045, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1276202994001637972, authorId=1276203005905072755, language=CN, stringName=焦宇辰, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=*, address=null, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null)], keywords=[Keyword(id=1276203006475498102, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1276202994001637972, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=gastric cancer peritoneal metastasis), Keyword(id=1276203006563578487, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1276202994001637972, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=intraperitoneal chemotherapy), Keyword(id=1276203006873956984, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1276202994001637972, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=bulk RNA sequencing), Keyword(id=1276203006966231673, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1276202994001637972, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=single−cell RNA sequencing), Keyword(id=1276203007297581690, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1276202994001637972, language=EN, orderNo=5, keyword=immune microenvironment), Keyword(id=1276203007729595003, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1276202994001637972, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=胃癌腹膜转移), Keyword(id=1276203007813481084, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1276202994001637972, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=腹腔灌注化疗), Keyword(id=1276203008119665277, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1276202994001637972, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=转录组), Keyword(id=1276203008186774142, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1276202994001637972, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=单细胞转录组), Keyword(id=1276203008291631743, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1276202994001637972, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=免疫微环境)], refs=[Reference(id=1276203012758565518, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1276202994001637972, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=74, issue=3, pageStart=229, pageEnd=263, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=Bray F, Laversanne M, Sung H, journalName=CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Bray F, Laversanne M, Sung H, et al . 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(a)和(b) CD8_CTL指向其他细胞群的通讯强度((a):IPC前;(b):IPC后);(c)和(d) 其他细胞群指向CD8_CTL的通讯强度((c):IPC前;(d):IPC后);(e) CD8_CTL指向髓系亚群的关键配体–受体轴;(f) 髓系亚群指向CD8_CTL的关键配体–受体轴。

, figureFileSmall=vjS+9q3GB2sx6WLyI/nAgw==, figureFileBig=PJE6BSlx8DLxXgqejEhKTg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276203011630297738, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1276202994001637972, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
患者ID性别年龄/岁Lauren分型治疗方式样本ID测序方式
WZ15264混合型根治性手术;IPCpre−treat1bulk RNA−seq
post−treat1bulk RNA−seq
WZ18868NAIPCpre−treat2bulk RNA−seq
post−treat2bulk RNA−seq
WZ22383NAIPCpre−treat3bulk RNA−seq;scRNA−seq
post−treat3bulk RNA−seq;scRNA−seq
), ArticleFig(id=1276203011701600907, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1276202994001637972, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

IPC前后腹腔灌洗液样本与测序信息

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
患者ID性别年龄/岁Lauren分型治疗方式样本ID测序方式
WZ15264混合型根治性手术;IPCpre−treat1bulk RNA−seq
post−treat1bulk RNA−seq
WZ18868NAIPCpre−treat2bulk RNA−seq
post−treat2bulk RNA−seq
WZ22383NAIPCpre−treat3bulk RNA−seq;scRNA−seq
post−treat3bulk RNA−seq;scRNA−seq
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腹腔灌注化疗诱导腹膜转移胃癌患者免疫微环境重塑的转录组特征
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杨丽婷 , 马亚锐 * , 焦宇辰 *
科技导报 | 特色专题 2026,44(11): 58-68
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科技导报 | 特色专题 2026, 44(11): 58-68
腹腔灌注化疗诱导腹膜转移胃癌患者免疫微环境重塑的转录组特征
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杨丽婷 , 马亚锐* , 焦宇辰*
作者信息
  • 国家癌症中心/国家肿瘤临床医学研究中心/中国医学科学院北京协和医学院肿瘤医院,北京 100021
  • 杨丽婷,硕士研究生,研究方向为肿瘤微环境,电子信箱:

通讯作者:

马亚锐(通信作者),博士后,研究方向为功能基因组学、肿瘤基因组、肿瘤药物高通量筛选,电子信箱:;
焦宇辰(共同通信作者),教授,研究方向为基于多组学及功能基因组的肿瘤机制及转化,电子信箱:
Transcriptomic features of immune microenvironment remodeling induced by intraperitoneal chemotherapy in gastric cancer with peritoneal metastasis
Liting YANG , Yarui MA* , Yuchen JIAO*
Affiliations
  • National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
出版时间: 2026-06-13 doi: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2025.11.00039
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胃癌腹膜转移(gastric cancer peritoneal metastasis,GCPM)预后较差,局部免疫微环境在疾病进展与治疗反应中具有重要作用。本研究整合腹腔灌注化疗(intraperitoneal chemotherapy,IPC)前、后配对的腹腔灌洗液转录组测序(bulk RNA sequencing,bulk RNA−seq)与单细胞转录组测序(single−cell RNA sequencing,scRNA−seq)数据,对IPC相关的免疫微环境变化进行系统分析。bulk RNA−seq显示,IPC后免疫相关基因如IL1B、IRAK2、ICAM1、NLRP3表达上调。差异基因通路富集提示,IPC后趋化因子、Toll样受体等免疫炎症相关通路更为富集,而IPC前主要富集于上皮−间质转化、补体与凝血及血管生成等基质重塑相关通路。CIBERSORT去卷积提示,IPC后CD8+ T细胞比例上升,Treg细胞比例下降并伴随髓系细胞比例降低。scRNA−seq结果提示,IPC后T/NK细胞比例增加,髓系比例下降。细胞通讯分析进一步显示,IPC后CD8_CTL与髓系亚群互作增强,特别是CCL4−CCR5和NECTIN2−CD226等信号通路的上调,提示IPC可能促进免疫细胞的活化与募集。总体而言,IPC通过增强效应T细胞活化和调节髓系细胞功能,进而诱导抗肿瘤免疫反应增强和免疫抑制作用减弱,提示腹膜微环境发生部分重塑,为优化局部干预策略提供转录组学依据。

胃癌腹膜转移  /  腹腔灌注化疗  /  转录组  /  单细胞转录组  /  免疫微环境

Gastric cancer peritoneal metastasis (GCPM) carries a poor prognosis, and the local immune microenvironment is central to disease progression and treatment response. Here, we analyzed paired peritoneal lavage samples collected before and after intraperitoneal chemotherapy (IPC) using bulk RNA sequencing (bulk RNA−seq) and single−cell RNA sequencing (scRNA−seq) to characterize IPC associated immune changes. Bulk RNA−seq showed post−IPC upregulation of immune−related genes, including IL1B, IRAK2, ICAM1, and NLRP3. Pathway enrichment of differentially expressed genes indicated that immune/inflammatory programs—chemokine signaling, and Toll−like receptor signaling—were enriched after IPC, whereas pre−treatment samples were relatively enriched for stromal−remodeling processes, including epithelial−mesenchymal transition (EMT), complement and coagulation cascades, and angiogenesis. CIBERSORT deconvolution further suggested an increase in CD8+T cells and a decrease in Treg cells and overall myeloid proportions after IPC. Consistently, scRNA−seq showed higher T/NK−cell proportions and lower myeloid proportions post−treatment. Cell−cell communication analysis further revealed strengthened interactions between CD8_CTL cells and myeloid subsets, most notably along the CCL4−CCR5 and NECTIN2−CD226 axes—consistent with enhanced recruitment and activation of effector lymphocytes. Overall, IPC was associated with increased effector T−cell activity and attenuation of myeloid suppressive features, indicating partial remodeling of the peritoneal immune microenvironment. These findings provide a transcriptomic basis for optimizing local therapeutic strategies in GCPM.

gastric cancer peritoneal metastasis  /  intraperitoneal chemotherapy  /  bulk RNA sequencing  /  single−cell RNA sequencing  /  immune microenvironment
杨丽婷, 马亚锐, 焦宇辰. 腹腔灌注化疗诱导腹膜转移胃癌患者免疫微环境重塑的转录组特征. 科技导报, 2026 , 44 (11) : 58 -68 . DOI: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2025.11.00039
Liting YANG, Yarui MA, Yuchen JIAO. Transcriptomic features of immune microenvironment remodeling induced by intraperitoneal chemotherapy in gastric cancer with peritoneal metastasis[J]. Science & Technology Review, 2026 , 44 (11) : 58 -68 . DOI: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2025.11.00039
胃癌在全球范围内发病率和死亡率居第5位[1],在中国,胃癌的发病率和死亡率长期位于恶性肿瘤前列[2]。其中腹膜转移(gastric cancer peritoneal metastasis,GCPM)是晚期胃癌较常见的转移形式之一,患者生存预后整体较差[3]。近年来,随着局部治疗的发展,腹腔灌注化疗(intraperitoneal chemotherapy,IPC)逐渐成为改善腹膜转移患者预后的重要策略之一[4]。然而,腹膜免疫微环境在肿瘤进展与治疗应答中的作用机制尚未完全阐明。
单细胞RNA测序(single−cell RNA sequencing,scRNA−seq)可在单细胞层面刻画组织的细胞组成与转录特性,揭示细胞异质性与稀有亚群,适用于复杂肿瘤微环境解析[5]。在GCPM研究中,针对腹水与腹膜病灶的单细胞及多组学研究显示,肿瘤细胞与免疫/间质细胞存在显著异质性,并呈现出与治疗相关的演变轨迹[6]。其中,肿瘤相关巨噬细胞(tumor−associated macrophages,TAMs)从CTS+向C1Q+的连续表型/谱系转变被观察到,可能与免疫逃逸表型相关[7]。空间分辨研究提示C1Q+巨噬细胞富集与细胞毒性T细胞浸润不足相关,反映免疫抑制微环境的建立[8]。除髓系外,腹腔内调节性B细胞异常富集也被报道与局部免疫抑制相关[9];SPP1+TAM与耗竭型CD8+ T细胞的互作被认为具有抑制性作用[10]。同时,基于腹腔液体活检的循环肿瘤DNA(circulating tumor DNA,ctDNA)检测为胃癌腹膜播散提供了分子识别途径:术中腹腔灌洗液ctDNA的前瞻性研究可用于预测腹膜转移风险[11]。且IPC后ctDNA呈治疗相关的动态变化,用于反映或预测疗效[12]。总体而言,既往研究多聚焦于GCPM或ctDNA监测层面,而针对IPC前后免疫微环境的纵向评估相对不足。
鉴于转录组(bulk RNA sequencing,bulk RNA−seq)在差异基因识别与通路富集上较好的效能,以及scRNA−seq在细胞类型与状态解析上的高分辨率,组合分析有望在细胞分类与通路富集之间取得合理的平衡,提升解析能力。本研究联合应用bulk RNA−seq与scRNA−seq技术,对GCPM患者IPC前后的腹腔灌洗液分别行转录组分析,经纵向比较后,观察到IPC前后局部免疫细胞的变化。这些探索性结果为理解GCPM患者经局部治疗后的免疫应答提供依据,也为后续大样本相关研究与机制探索提供思路。
本研究纳入3例GCPM患者,采集IPC前后的腹腔灌洗液共6份样本用于bulk RNA分析;其中1例患者的2份样本同步用于scRNA−seq。研究方案已通过中国医学科学院肿瘤医院伦理委员会审批(伦理号:NCC2021C−312和17−093/1349),所有受试者均签署书面知情同意。患者信息及测序用途见表1(缺失项以NA标注)。
bulk RNA−seq采用Illumina NovaSeq 6000平台进行双端150 bp测序,原始FASTQ数据使用nf−core/rnaseq(v3.11.2,默认参数)完成质量控制与预处理,并比对至GRCh38参考基因组。scRNA−seq采用10×Genomics Chromium Single Cell 3′ v3建库;原始数据使用Cell Ranger(v7.2.0)标准流程处理并比对至GRCh38,生成“基因×细胞”的UMI计数矩阵用于后续分析。
在R 4.4.2环境下使用DESeq2[13](v1.40.2)进行差异基因分析,以P<0.05且|log2FC|>2为阈值筛选显著差异基因,并用EnhancedVolcano(v1.18.0)可视化。
使用clusterProfiler[14](v4.8.3)分别对差异上调与下调基因进行富集分析,Hallmark基因集经msigdbr获取并用enricher进行富集;GO_BP使用enrichGO、KEGG使用enrichKEGG富集分析,仅保留Benjamini−Hochberg校正后的P值(adjusted P value,adjP)<0.05的通路。免疫去卷积采用CIBERSORT[15](v0.1.0)与LM22特征矩阵估计样本的相对细胞比例。
使用Seurat[16](v5.1.0)进行预处理。读入原始UMI计数矩阵后,保留在≥3个细胞中表达的基因;在细胞层面进行质控:剔除基因数(nFeature_RNA)<200或>6500、或线粒体基因比例>15%的细胞。为降低双/多胞干扰,采用DoubletFinder[17]与scDblFinder[18]交叉鉴定去除双胞/多胞,随后进行对数归一化与标准化。
以FindVariableFeatures选取高可变基因,进行主成分分析(principal component analysis,PCA),并结合ElbowPlot确定用于聚类的主成分数。为处理批次效应,在PCA空间中应用Harmony[19](v1.2.3)进行整合,基于Harmony嵌入执行近邻构图(FindNeighbors)、图社区聚类(FindClusters)与UMAP可视化(RunUMAP)。使用FindAllMarkers(Wilcoxon秩和检验,默认参数)获得各簇差异标志基因,结合典型标志与文献进行细胞类型注释。
采用AUCell算法[20](AUC−based cell scoring, v1.28.0)对单细胞进行基因集活性评分,以反映相关生物过程的活跃程度。所用基因集如M1/M2极化、血管生成、吞噬作用等,来源于已发表文献[21],并整理为制表符分隔的marker文件(包含signature_name与gene 2列)。具体流程如下:(1) 输入表达矩阵,从Seurat对象中提取归一化表达矩阵,并转换为基因×细胞的数值矩阵,用于AUCell计算;(2) 构建细胞内基因表达排序矩阵,使用AUCell_buildRankings()在每个细胞内对基因按表达量进行降序排序,参数设置为nCores=1,单线程运行,并开启plotStats=TRUE输出排名统计分布用于质控;(3) 计算AUC活性分数:使用AUCell_calcAUC()基于上述排序矩阵计算每个细胞对每个基因集的AUC分数,其阈值参数aucMaxRank采用AUCell默认设置;(4) 结果整合:将getAUC()得到的AUC矩阵转为数值矩阵后,按基因集名称添加至Seurat的meta.data,用于后续分组比较与可视化分析。
提取每个细胞的细胞类型与样本信息,在每个样本内,按细胞类型分组计数,并计算该类型的比例,将各样本各细胞类型的比例汇总为“样本×细胞类型”,用于后续比较与可视化。
采用CellChat[22](v2.1.1)对单细胞转录组数据进行细胞通讯推断。以归一化表达矩阵为输入,依据配体−受体共表达关系构建细胞通讯网络;调用内置数据库CellChatDB.human作为参考数据库。按照CellChat推荐的标准流程完成通讯概率计算、通路层面通讯概率汇总与网络聚合,并分别以连接数(count)与通讯强度(weight)表征不同细胞类群之间的通讯水平。为降低小细胞群对推断稳定性的影响,设置每个细胞群最小的细胞数阈值为10(min.cells=10)。网络中心性等拓扑指标由netAnalysis_computeCentrality计算,差异通讯的统计显著性通过置换检验获得,并采用Benjamini−Hochberg方法进行多重检验校正,adjP<0.05判定为显著,通讯网络的关键结果通过netVisual_bubble与netVisual_circle进行可视化展示。
本研究纳入3例女性GCPM患者(均接受IPC,临床概况见表1)。对IPC前后的6份腹腔灌洗液样本进行bulk RNA−seq差异分析,以P<0.05且|log2FC|>2为阈值,共检出713个差异基因,IPC后高表达基因137个,包括IL1B、IRAK2、ICAM1、NLRP3、THBS1、EREG等;低表达基因576个,包括CXCR2、ARG1、IL1RL1、MME、ADH1B、HP、IGFBP6等(图1(a))。基于差异基因的GO、KEGG和Hallmark富集分析显示(图1(b)),红色为IPC后高表达的通路,主要富集在免疫与炎症相关过程,包括TNFα−NF−κB、趋化因子信号、Toll样受体、外源性凋亡/炎症反应、白细胞迁移调控等;蓝色为IPC前高表达的通路,主要富集基质重塑与血管生成相关过程,包括上皮−间质转化、补体与凝血级联、ECM−受体互作、PI3K−Akt、细胞−基质黏附、血管生成等。整体上,IPC后样本呈免疫效应相关特征,IPC前样本更突出组织重塑与血管生成信号。
进一步采用CIBERSORT去卷积估计,样本总体以T细胞与髓系细胞为主,其中以单核为主的髓系类群占比50%以上(图1(c))。在本队列中,IPC后CD8+ T细胞比例由7.6%升至11.5%,Tregs由7.2%降至5.0%,髓系中以单核为主的成分变化趋势较明显,由49.8%降至33.4%,细胞组成变化与通路富集趋势基本一致(图1(d))。
为进一步在单细胞分辨率上验证并细化bulk RNA−seq分析,选取1例患者IPC前后配对腹腔灌洗液(pre−treat3与post−treat3,以下简称pre−treat和post−treat)进行scRNA−seq分析,用于定位差异通路的细胞来源,并比较治疗前后细胞组成及状态。
经严格质量控制、整合及降维分析后,共获得13571个高质量细胞。基于典型标记基因进行注释,识别出5种主要细胞:髓系细胞、T细胞、NK细胞、B细胞与上皮细胞(图2(a)),细胞类群颜色与右侧注释颜色对应。采用Harmony进行批次效应校正后,不同来源的细胞在二维空间中均匀分布,表明校正效果良好(图2(b))。气泡图展示了各类细胞的特征基因表达:CD14和CD68在髓系细胞中高表达,CD3D在T细胞中特异性表达,KRT18在上皮细胞中表达等,支持细胞注释的准确性(图2(c))。
比较IPC前后的细胞组成发现,IPC后免疫细胞占比上升,T细胞由28.7%增至38.0%(呈上升趋势),NK细胞由0.9%增至2.5%;同时,髓系细胞占比由70.0%降至57.8%(呈下降趋势),但B细胞与上皮细胞占比较低,变化幅度有限(图2(d))。上述结果提示,IPC可能引发腹腔微环境的细胞组成改变,促进免疫细胞的富集,为进一步探讨GCPM的IPC治疗过程中免疫微环境的动态变化提供了依据。
为评估IPC对局部微环境中T细胞的影响,对T细胞进一步分亚群与注释,依据典型标志基因将其分为CD4_Tem(效应记忆T细胞)、CD4_Tn(初始T细胞)、CD4_Treg(调节性T细胞)、CD8_CTL(细胞毒性T淋巴细胞)和CD8_Tem(效应记忆T细胞)5个亚群(图3(a)和(b)),类群颜色与右侧注释颜色一致。标志基因与生物学特征一致:CD8_CTL高表达GZMB、GNLY等细胞毒分子;CD4_Treg富集FOXP3、IL2RA;CD8_Tem表达GZMK、DUSP2;CD4_Tem高表达IL7R,但CCR7表达较低(图3(c)),与既往报道一致[6]
对比IPC前后的细胞组成(图3(d)),观察到IPC后CD8_CTL和CD4_Tn升高,而CD4_Treg下降,这提示IPC可能提升CD8+ T细胞的杀伤功能,同时减弱Treg的抑制作用。采用基于基因表达排名的AUCell算法对T细胞功能基因集[23]进行单细胞活性评分,并在细胞亚群层面汇总比较,得分组间差异采用Wilcoxon秩和检验(图3(e)),结果显示IPC后CD8_CTL在“TCR信号”集合中的得分高于IPC前;CD4_Tem和CD8_Tem在“效应功能”基因集得分升高;而CD4_Tn在“naive特征”基因集上得分升高。以上结果提示,IPC后T细胞可能在保持naive储备的同时,更偏向于效应激活状态。
综上,IPC可能通过增加效应性CD8+ T细胞的比例并增强其杀伤功能,同时,耗竭性和调节性T细胞亚群比例降低,提示了IPC可能有助于调节免疫抑制环境,增强免疫应答。
为刻画髓系细胞功能,进行了单细胞层面的亚群解析与功能分析。聚类后共鉴定出4个亚群:Mono_FCN1、Mph_APOE、Mph_NLRP3、Mph_SELENOP,类群颜色与图右侧标识一致(图4(a))。标志基因表达在对应亚群中高表达:Mono_FCN1的FCN1、S100A8、S100A9;Mph_APOE的APOETREM2;Mph_NLRP3的NLRP3、IL1B;Mph_SELENOP的SELENOP、F13A1(图4(b))。
AUCell[20]基因集活性评分显示,各亚群在M1/M2极化、血管生成和吞噬作用[21]等方面存在差异:Mph_APOE、Mph_SELENOP显示较高的吞噬评分,Mono_FCN1较低,Mph_NLRP3居中;血管生成评分以Mono_FCN1、Mph_NLRP3较高,Mph_APOE、Mph_SELENOP较低;M1极化评分中Mph_NLRP3较高(图4(c))。各亚群M2得分均高于M1得分,提示GCPM腹腔微环境中的髓系类群可能整体以免疫抑制为主。
IPC后,髓系细胞在整体组成层面由70.0%下降至57.8%(图2(d))。在亚群功能层面,基于AUCell功能评分的组间比较采用Wilcoxon秩和检验,相关差异未达到统计学显著性,但呈现明确的趋势:血管生成评分下降而吞噬评分上升(图4(d))。从生物学意义上看,血管生成相关程序的下调可能提示促血管生成与组织重塑型髓系反应受到抑制;而吞噬相关程序的上调则提示凋亡细胞清除与抗原处理能力增强。上述趋势指向髓系介导的免疫抑制可能减弱,微环境可能向更有利于效应淋巴细胞发挥抗肿瘤作用的方向重塑。
为刻画IPC对全局细胞通讯的影响,比较了IPC前后通讯网络:IPC后不同谱系间的通讯强度整体增强,其中CD8_CTL与其他亚群通讯提升较为明显。具体而言,IPC后CD8_CTL指向其他亚群的通讯强度(图5(b))较IPC前增强(图5(a)),其他亚群指向CD8_CTL的通讯强度(图5(d))也较IPC前增强(图5(c)),且与髓系亚群之间的增加最明显。
进一步关注CD8_CTL与髓系亚群的互作,CD8_CTL作为sender时(图5(e)),IPC后与多个髓系亚群互作增强,其中ANXA1−FPR2轴上调,属于炎症分辨/修复相关通路,与抑制过度炎症及促进巨噬细胞清除凋亡细胞相关[24];CCL4−CCR5轴,与效应T/NK细胞的募集与增效相关,支持抗肿瘤免疫的增强[25]。作为receiver时(图5(f)),多条黏附和共刺激信号增强:JAM1−(ITGAL+ITGB2)支持白细胞跨内皮迁移与免疫突触形成[26];NECTIN2−CD226(DNAM−1)共刺激与NK/CTL毒性增强相关[27];FN1−(ITGA4+ITGB1)可能通过纤维连接蛋白介导的黏附与停驻,有利于T细胞局部存留[28],从而支撑效应功能的维持。
综上,趋化(CCL4−CCR5)与黏附/共刺激(NECTIN2−CD226)等信号的增强提示IPC可能促进了CD8_CTL的募集、驻留与功能维持(图5(e)和(f)),表明IPC后局部微环境可能得到一定程度上的免疫恢复。
GCPM是晚期胃癌常见的转移形式之一,整体预后不佳。IPC可降低复发风险并改善生存[29],但IPC前后腹腔微环境变化仍不清楚。基于IPC前后配对腹腔灌洗液,联合bulk RNA−seq与scRNA−seq,探讨GCPM患者IPC前后免疫微环境的变化。本研究为探索性纵向研究,研究目的在于在真实临床场景下刻画IPC前后腹腔免疫微环境的方向性变化,鉴于样本量等客观限制,对未达统计学显著的结果统一表述为“趋势性变化”,其意义在于为后续更大样本与机制验证提供可检验的假设与优先验证的免疫轴/细胞亚群。
bulk RNA结果显示,IPC后炎症−趋化与先天免疫相关基因如IL1B、IRAK2、NLRP3等上调,并富集于白细胞迁移的正向调控与趋化因子信号通路,提示IPC后炎症−趋化被激活,白细胞迁移与免疫招募能力增强[30]。相比之下,IPC前更富集EMT、PI3K/AKT与血管生成等通路,与既往GCPM风险特征一致[31]。CIBERSORT提示CD8+ T细胞比例上升,Treg细胞与以单核为主的髓系成分下降;既往研究也表明,腹膜转移灶中CD8+T细胞浸润较高及CD8/CD33(髓系标记)较高与胃癌更好的预后相关[32]
scRNA−seq总体与bulk RNA结论一致:IPC后T/NK细胞比例上升,髓系比例下降。T细胞亚群层面,IPC后CD8_CTL与CD4_Tn比例升高、CD4_Treg降低,且CD8_CTL与CD4_Tem细胞的TCR信号及效应功能得分上升,提示IPC可能增强效应细胞活性并减轻抑制性浸润。这与近年来对GCPM生态位的单细胞与空间组学观察一致:T细胞常呈耗竭状态[33]、免疫抑制网络在腹膜生态位高度活跃[6],而降低Treg负担与更好治疗反应相关[34]
IPC后髓系比例下降,亚群分析显示巨噬亚群的M1/M2评分并非对立,符合其表型已由二分法演变为连续谱系模型[35]。功能上,Mph_APOE与Mph_SELENOP在吞噬得分较高、血管生成得分较低,并在IPC后,血管生成评分下降与吞噬评分上升,可能提示髓系细胞由促血管生成/组织重塑相关程序向清除与抗原处理相关功能偏移,有利于减弱免疫抑制。既往研究提示,Mph_APOE与脂质相关,具有免疫抑制倾向,并与SPP1+ TAM介导的免疫抑制/耐药生态位相关[36];在胃癌中,TAM外泌体转运APOE可激活肿瘤细胞PI3K−AKT通路[37]。与此同时,LXR−APOE轴可能通过削弱髓系免疫抑制限制先天免疫抑制[38],提示其具有可药理调控的“双重性”。来自泛癌与乳腺癌/非小细胞肺癌的单细胞证据显示,SELENOP标记的巨噬状态偏免疫调节,且与治疗后生存改善相关[39],这与本研究中促血管生成得分下降、吞噬功能得分上升的观察相吻合。
细胞通讯层面,IPC后CD8_CTL与髓系细胞互作增强,CCL4−CCR5与NECTIN2−CD226等免疫信号通路增强。CCL4−CCR5轴与肿瘤内T细胞存在显著相关[40],或可促进效应T细胞的募集与增效;NECTIN2−CD226轴可增强NK细胞与CTL的细胞毒性,增强杀伤能力[41]。上述通路的增强提示IPC可能促进免疫微环境功能恢复并提升细胞毒性反应。
总体而言,bulk与单细胞2个层级的结果在方向上具有一致性:炎症−趋化与先天免疫信号增强、效应T/NK成分与功能状态上调、Treg细胞及髓系抑制特征下降,并伴随趋化−共刺激相关通讯轴增强。上述变化与既往关于GCPM腹膜生态位“免疫抑制网络高度活跃、T细胞耗竭普遍存在、髓系细胞参与免疫抑制与组织重塑”的认识相吻合。因此,即便部分指标在统计学上仅呈趋势,本研究仍在真实临床配对样本中提供了IPC可能诱导免疫重塑的转录组学证据,并明确了后续可重点验证的细胞群体与信号通路。
本研究以配对腹腔灌洗液样本开展多组学纵向分析,较为直接地揭示了IPC相关的“效应T细胞增强—髓系抑制减轻”的方向性变化,但亦存在以下局限性。第一,样本量有限,统计效能受限,部分观察结果仅能支持趋势性变化。第二,腹腔灌洗液作为腹膜生态位的替代样本,其细胞组成可能受个体差异及灌洗回收效率等因素影响。第三,IPC后取样时间窗口相对靠近治疗实施,可能主要反映早期免疫重塑。鉴于GCPM临床上获取IPC前后配对的腹腔灌洗液样本存在一定的挑战,后续研究可在更大队列中结合多时间点纵向采样,结合空间组学验证关键细胞在腹膜转移灶的原位分布,并通过体外功能实验或动物模型对关键通讯轴等进行机制验证,以进一步明确IPC诱导免疫重塑的时序特征及其与疗效预后的关联。
本研究从基因、通路及免疫细胞组成功能层面,刻画了IPC前后腹膜免疫微环境的变化。
1) IPC后免疫微环境整体呈现效应增强与抑制减弱:bulk RNA−seq表明炎症/趋化与先天免疫通路上调;CIBERSORT与scRNA−seq一致显示CD8+ T比例上调、Treg细胞比例下降,髓系抑制性作用减弱。
2) 细胞通讯层面,CCL4−CCR5与NECTIN2−CD226轴在IPC后权重上升,提示效应T细胞募集、驻留及细胞毒性功能可能被加强。
综上,IPC可能通过增强效应T细胞活性及减弱髓系抑制功能,提示腹膜免疫微环境发生部分重塑,上述发现为优化局部干预与免疫联合策略提供转录组学依据。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(82302943)
  • 中国科协青年人才托举工程项目(2023QNRC001)
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2026年第44卷第11期
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doi: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2025.11.00039
  • 接收时间:2025-11-20
  • 首发时间:2026-06-23
  • 出版时间:2026-06-13
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  • 收稿日期:2025-11-20
  • 修回日期:2026-04-27
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(82302943)
中国科协青年人才托举工程项目(2023QNRC001)
作者信息
    国家癌症中心/国家肿瘤临床医学研究中心/中国医学科学院北京协和医学院肿瘤医院,北京 100021

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马亚锐(通信作者),博士后,研究方向为功能基因组学、肿瘤基因组、肿瘤药物高通量筛选,电子信箱:;
焦宇辰(共同通信作者),教授,研究方向为基于多组学及功能基因组的肿瘤机制及转化,电子信箱:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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