Article(id=1273334939484414918, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, issueId=1273334825638420729, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2025.11.00069, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1762531200000, receivedDateStr=2025-11-08, revisedDate=1776960000000, revisedDateStr=2026-04-24, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1781516306992, onlineDateStr=2026-06-15, pubDate=1779897600000, pubDateStr=2026-05-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1781516306992, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-06-15, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1781516306992, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1781516306992, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1273334825638420729, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, year='2026', volume='44', issue='10', pageStart='1', pageEnd='164', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1781516279847, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1781519137123, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1273346810031628465, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, issueId=1273334825638420729, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1273346810031628466, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, issueId=1273334825638420729, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=56, endPage=71, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1273334939819959240, articleId=1273334939484414918, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, language=EN, title=Opportunities and challenges in Chinese space oncology, columnId=1150494642224591153, journalTitle=Science & Technology Review, columnName=Exclusive, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Space oncology is an emerging discipline that leverages the unique space environment—including high-Z and high-energy (HZE) particle radiation, microgravity, and their combined effects—to investigate the fundamental and translational aspects of cancer initiation, progression, diagnosis, and therapy. This review presents the research background and scientific significance of space oncology and systematically summarizes major domestic and international research initiatives and recent progress. Special emphasis is placed on two core directions: carcinogenesis of normal cells and proliferation inhibition/death of cancer cells under space radiation conditions. The underlying mechanisms are discussed, including DNA damage repair, non-coding RNA regulation, cytoskeletal dynamics, organelle crosstalk (e.g., mitochondria), and microenvironment remodeling. Key scientific challenges currently facing the field include the unclear dose-response relationship between cancer risk and the different qualities of space radiation, unvalidated molecular mechanisms of tumor suppression, and poorly understood differences in individual radiosensitivity. With the completion of the China Space Station and the establishment of ground-based simulation platforms, China has unique infrastructure and collaborative network advantages. To advance the field, five major scientific questions should be systematically addressed: dose-response relationships, carcinogenic mechanisms, individual susceptibility, stress response and death of cancer cells, and tumor microenvironment regulation. A three-phase roadmap is proposed: short-term to build databases and collaborative networks, medium-term to expand cancer types and promote clinical translation, and long-term to establish a theoretical framework and support deep-space health. The ultimate goal is to develop a comprehensive theoretical system for space oncology, thereby providing novel strategies for human health protection and for cancer prevention, diagnosis, and treatment on Earth.

, correspAuthors=Pei HAN, Guangming ZHOU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=All rights reserved. Unauthorized reproduction is prohibited., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Wentao HU, Weiwei PEI, Pei HAN, Guangming ZHOU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1273334940591711182, articleId=1273334939484414918, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, language=CN, title=中国空间肿瘤学研究的机遇与挑战, columnId=1150494642375586098, journalTitle=科技导报, columnName=特色专题, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

空间肿瘤学是利用空间特殊环境开展肿瘤发生、演进、诊断和治疗等相关基础和应用基础研究的一门新兴学科。概述了空间肿瘤学的研究背景与科学意义,梳理了国内外相关研究计划与进展,重点阐述了空间辐射环境下正常细胞癌变和癌细胞死亡2大方向的机制研究现状,包括DNA损伤修复、非编码RNA调控、细胞骨架动力学、线粒体互作及微环境重塑等。当前该领域面临的关键科学问题包括空间复杂辐射环境下癌症发生的量效关系不明确、抑癌分子机制待验证、个体辐射敏感性差异不清等。中国已建成空间站和地基模拟平台,形成平台与研究网络优势。建议重点围绕5大科学问题(量效关系、致癌机制、个体差异、癌细胞应激、微环境调控),分短期(建数据库与协作网)、中期(拓癌种与促转化)、长期(建理论体系与保深空健康)3个阶段系统推进,构建完整的空间肿瘤研究理论体系,为人类生命健康保障与癌症防、诊、治提供新策略。

, correspAuthors=韩培, 周光明, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
韩培(通信作者),高级工程师,研究方向为空间生命科学与生物技术,电子信箱:;
周光明(共同通信作者),教授,研究方向为辐射生物学,电子信箱:
, copyrightStatement=版权所有,未经授权,不得转载。, copyrightOwner=《科技导报》编辑部, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=nXyypYCXoP59nKIuTvIQ/A==, magXml=FeefVqj9wZfw8ug26dfTnQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=JGRZtGK6J2yxA+4LqiHfPg==, pdfFileSize=1190446, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=GFzKen7/egZPRkXxeh9MbA==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=OMhLgGbos6cApv5AYv/Iaw==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

胡文涛,副教授,研究方向为辐射生物学,电子信箱:

, authorsList=胡文涛, 裴炜炜, 韩培, 周光明)}, authors=[Author(id=1273334940998558680, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=wthu@suda.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1273334941069861850, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, authorId=1273334940998558680, language=EN, stringName=Wentao HU, firstName=Wentao, middleName=null, lastName=HU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Key Laboratory of Radiation Damage and Countermeasures of Jiangsu Provincial Universities and Colleges, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1273334941136970715, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, authorId=1273334940998558680, language=CN, stringName=胡文涛, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1苏州大学苏州医学院放射医学与防护学院,放射医学与辐射防护国家重点实验室,辐射损伤与救治江苏省高校重点实验室,江苏省高校放射医学协同创新中心,苏州 215123, bio={"content":"

胡文涛,副教授,研究方向为辐射生物学,电子信箱:

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

胡文涛,副教授,研究方向为辐射生物学,电子信箱:

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1273334940839175120, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1273334940847563729, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, companyId=1273334940839175120, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Key Laboratory of Radiation Damage and Countermeasures of Jiangsu Provincial Universities and Colleges, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1273334940855952338, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, companyId=1273334940839175120, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1苏州大学苏州医学院放射医学与防护学院,放射医学与辐射防护国家重点实验室,辐射损伤与救治江苏省高校重点实验室,江苏省高校放射医学协同创新中心,苏州 215123)])]), Author(id=1273334941409600477, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1273334941812253663, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, authorId=1273334941409600477, language=EN, stringName=Weiwei PEI, firstName=Weiwei, middleName=null, lastName=PEI, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Key Laboratory of Radiation Damage and Countermeasures of Jiangsu Provincial Universities and Colleges, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1273334941887751136, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, authorId=1273334941409600477, language=CN, stringName=裴炜炜, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1苏州大学苏州医学院放射医学与防护学院,放射医学与辐射防护国家重点实验室,辐射损伤与救治江苏省高校重点实验室,江苏省高校放射医学协同创新中心,苏州 215123, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1273334940839175120, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1273334940847563729, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, companyId=1273334940839175120, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Key Laboratory of Radiation Damage and Countermeasures of Jiangsu Provincial Universities and Colleges, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1273334940855952338, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, companyId=1273334940839175120, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1苏州大学苏州医学院放射医学与防护学院,放射医学与辐射防护国家重点实验室,辐射损伤与救治江苏省高校重点实验室,江苏省高校放射医学协同创新中心,苏州 215123)])]), Author(id=1273334941959054306, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=hp@csu.ac.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1273334942252655588, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, authorId=1273334941959054306, language=EN, stringName=Pei HAN, firstName=Pei, middleName=null, lastName=HAN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, *, address=2Technology and Engineering Center for Space Utilization, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1273334942319764453, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, authorId=1273334941959054306, language=CN, stringName=韩培, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, *, address=2中国科学院空间应用工程与技术中心,北京 100094, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1273334940914672595, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1273334940927255508, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, companyId=1273334940914672595, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Technology and Engineering Center for Space Utilization, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1273334940935644117, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, companyId=1273334940914672595, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2中国科学院空间应用工程与技术中心,北京 100094)])]), Author(id=1273334942382679015, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=gmzhou@suda.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1273334942663697385, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, authorId=1273334942382679015, language=EN, stringName=Guangming ZHOU, firstName=Guangming, middleName=null, lastName=ZHOU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, *, address=1State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Key Laboratory of Radiation Damage and Countermeasures of Jiangsu Provincial Universities and Colleges, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1273334942730806250, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, authorId=1273334942382679015, language=CN, stringName=周光明, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, *, address=1苏州大学苏州医学院放射医学与防护学院,放射医学与辐射防护国家重点实验室,辐射损伤与救治江苏省高校重点实验室,江苏省高校放射医学协同创新中心,苏州 215123, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1273334940839175120, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1273334940847563729, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, companyId=1273334940839175120, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Key Laboratory of Radiation Damage and Countermeasures of Jiangsu Provincial Universities and Colleges, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1273334940855952338, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, companyId=1273334940839175120, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1苏州大学苏州医学院放射医学与防护学院,放射医学与辐射防护国家重点实验室,辐射损伤与救治江苏省高校重点实验室,江苏省高校放射医学协同创新中心,苏州 215123)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1273334943104099307, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=manned space exploration), Keyword(id=1273334943171208172, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=space oncology), Keyword(id=1273334943238317037, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=space radiation environment), Keyword(id=1273334943502558190, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=microgravity), Keyword(id=1273334943573861359, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, language=EN, orderNo=5, keyword=carcinogenesis), Keyword(id=1273334943640970224, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, language=EN, orderNo=6, keyword=tumor radiotherapy), Keyword(id=1273334943921988593, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=载人航天), Keyword(id=1273334944026846194, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=空间肿瘤学), Keyword(id=1273334944354001907, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=空间辐射环境), Keyword(id=1273334944408527860, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=微重力), Keyword(id=1273334944769238005, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=癌症发生), Keyword(id=1273334944844735478, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, language=CN, orderNo=6, keyword=肿瘤放疗)], refs=[Reference(id=1273334946040112128, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=“健康中国2030”规划纲要[EB/OL]. (2016–10–25) [2025–09–20]. https://www.nhc.gov.cn/guihuaxxs/c100132/201610/cef9821abcfc4544bb27e2bc533bd7cf.shtml., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334946103025664, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=null, issue=13, pageStart=57, pageEnd=59, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=1, authorNames=顾彦, journalName=中国战略新兴产业, refType=null, unstructuredReference=顾彦. 重大疾病预防是健康中国建设的重中之重[J]. 中国战略新兴产业, 2017(13): 57-59., articleTitle=重大疾病预防是健康中国建设的重中之重, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334946165940225, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=74, issue=3, pageStart=229, pageEnd=263, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=2, authorNames=Bray F, Laversanne M, Sung H, journalName=CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Bray F, Laversanne M, Sung H, et al. Global cancer statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries[J]. CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, 2024, 74(3): 229-263., articleTitle=Global cancer statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334946233049090, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=75, issue=1, pageStart=10, pageEnd=45, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=3, authorNames=Siegel R L, Kratzer T B, Giaquinto A N, journalName=CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Siegel R L, Kratzer T B, Giaquinto A N, et al. Cancer statistics, 2025[J]. CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, 2025, 75(1): 10-45., articleTitle=Cancer statistics, 2025, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334946304352259, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=134, issue=7, pageStart=783, pageEnd=791, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=4, authorNames=Cao W, Chen H D, Yu Y W, journalName=Chinese Medical Journal, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Cao W, Chen H D, Yu Y W, et al. Changing profiles of cancer burden worldwide and in China: A secondary analysis of the global cancer statistics 2020[J]. Chinese Medical Journal, 2021, 134(7): 783-791., articleTitle=Changing profiles of cancer burden worldwide and in China: A secondary analysis of the global cancer statistics 2020, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334946367266820, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=4, issue=1, pageStart=47, pageEnd=53, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=5, authorNames=Han B F, Zheng R S, Zeng H M, journalName=Journal of the National Cancer Center, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Han B F, Zheng R S, Zeng H M, et al. Cancer incidence and mortality in China, 2022[J]. Journal of the National Cancer Center, 2024, 4(1): 47-53., articleTitle=Cancer incidence and mortality in China, 2022, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334946434375685, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=55, issue=1, pageStart=103, pageEnd=111, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=6, authorNames=Jeon D S, Kim H C, Kim S H, journalName=Cancer Research and Treatment, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Jeon D S, Kim H C, Kim S H, et al. Five−year overall survival and prognostic factors in patients with lung cancer: Results from the Korean Association of Lung Cancer Registry(KALC−R) 2015[J]. Cancer Research and Treatment, 2022, 55(1): 103-111., articleTitle=Five−year overall survival and prognostic factors in patients with lung cancer: Results from the Korean Association of Lung Cancer Registry(KALC−R) 2015, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334946509873158, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=190, issue=4, pageStart=433, pageEnd=444, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=7, authorNames=Brenner A V, Preston D L, Sakata R, journalName=Radiation Research, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Brenner A V, Preston D L, Sakata R, et al. Incidence of breast cancer in the life span study of atomic bomb survivors: 1958−2009[J]. Radiation Research, 2018, 190(4): 433-444., articleTitle=Incidence of breast cancer in the life span study of atomic bomb survivors: 1958−2009, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334946572787719, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=35, issue=6, pageStart=591, pageEnd=600, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=8, authorNames=Brenner A V, Sugiyama H, Preston D L, journalName=European Journal of Epidemiology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Brenner A V, Sugiyama H, Preston D L, et al. Radiation risk of central nervous system tumors in the life span study of atomic bomb survivors, 1958−2009[J]. European Journal of Epidemiology, 2020, 35(6): 591-600., articleTitle=Radiation risk of central nervous system tumors in the life span study of atomic bomb survivors, 1958−2009, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334946652479496, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=195, issue=2, pageStart=140, pageEnd=148, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=9, authorNames=Grant E J, Yamamura M, Brenner A V, journalName=Radiation Research, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Grant E J, Yamamura M, Brenner A V, et al. Radiation risks for the incidence of kidney, bladder and other urinary tract cancers: 1958−2009[J]. Radiation Research, 2021, 195(2): 140-148., articleTitle=Radiation risks for the incidence of kidney, bladder and other urinary tract cancers: 1958−2009, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334946715394057, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=132, issue=5, pageStart=1222, pageEnd=1226, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=10, authorNames=Furukawa K, Preston D, Funamoto S, journalName=International Journal of Cancer, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Furukawa K, Preston D, Funamoto S, et al. Long−term trend of thyroid cancer risk among Japanese atomic−bomb survivors: 60 years after exposure[J]. International Journal of Cancer, 2013, 132(5): 1222-1226., articleTitle=Long−term trend of thyroid cancer risk among Japanese atomic−bomb survivors: 60 years after exposure, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334946778308618, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=187, issue=5, pageStart=513, pageEnd=537, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=11, authorNames=Grant E J, Brenner A, Sugiyama H, journalName=Radiation Research, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Grant E J, Brenner A, Sugiyama H, et al. Solid cancer incidence among the life span study of atomic bomb survivors: 1958−2009[J]. Radiation Research, 2017, 187(5): 513-537., articleTitle=Solid cancer incidence among the life span study of atomic bomb survivors: 1958−2009, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334946837028875, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=179, issue=3, pageStart=361, pageEnd=382, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=12, authorNames=Hsu W L, Preston D L, Soda M, journalName=Radiation Research, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Hsu W L, Preston D L, Soda M, et al. The incidence of leukemia, lymphoma and multiple myeloma among atomic bomb survivors: 1950−2001[J]. Radiation Research, 2013, 179(3): 361-382., articleTitle=The incidence of leukemia, lymphoma and multiple myeloma among atomic bomb survivors: 1950−2001, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334946908332044, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=52, issue=1, pageStart=17, pageEnd=27, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=13, authorNames=Kaiser J C, Walsh L, journalName=Radiation and Environmental Biophysics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Kaiser J C, Walsh L. Independent analysis of the radiation risk for leukaemia in children and adults with mortality data (1950−2003) of Japanese A−bomb survivors[J]. Radiation and Environmental Biophysics, 2013, 52(1): 17-27., articleTitle=Independent analysis of the radiation risk for leukaemia in children and adults with mortality data (1950−2003) of Japanese A−bomb survivors, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334946975440909, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=195, issue=1, pageStart=66, pageEnd=76, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=14, authorNames=Mabuchi K, Preston D L, Brenner A V, journalName=Radiation Research, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Mabuchi K, Preston D L, Brenner A V, et al. Risk of prostate cancer incidence among atomic bomb survivors: 1958–2009[J]. Radiation Research, 2021, 195(1): 66-76., articleTitle=Risk of prostate cancer incidence among atomic bomb survivors: 1958–2009, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334947050938382, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=177, issue=3, pageStart=229, pageEnd=243, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=15, authorNames=Ozasa K, Shimizu Y, Suyama A, journalName=Radiation Research, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Ozasa K, Shimizu Y, Suyama A, et al. Studies of the mortality of atomic bomb survivors, report 14, 1950–2003: An overview of cancer and noncancer diseases[J]. Radiation Research, 2012, 177(3): 229-243., articleTitle=Studies of the mortality of atomic bomb survivors, report 14, 1950–2003: An overview of cancer and noncancer diseases, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334947109658639, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=192, issue=3, pageStart=299, pageEnd=310, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=16, authorNames=Sadakane A, French B, Brenner A V, journalName=Radiation Research, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Sadakane A, French B, Brenner A V, et al. Radiation and risk of liver, biliary tract, and pancreatic cancers among atomic bomb survivors in Hiroshima and Nagasaki: 1958−2009[J]. Radiation Research, 2019, 192(3): 299-310., articleTitle=Radiation and risk of liver, biliary tract, and pancreatic cancers among atomic bomb survivors in Hiroshima and Nagasaki: 1958−2009, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334947168378896, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=192, issue=3, pageStart=331, pageEnd=344, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=17, authorNames=Sakata R, Preston D L, Brenner A V, journalName=Radiation Research, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Sakata R, Preston D L, Brenner A V, et al. Radiation−related risk of cancers of the upper digestive tract among Japanese atomic bomb survivors[J]. Radiation Research, 2019, 192(3): 331-344., articleTitle=Radiation−related risk of cancers of the upper digestive tract among Japanese atomic bomb survivors, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334947248070673, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=146, issue=3, pageStart=635, pageEnd=645, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=18, authorNames=Sugiyama H, Misumi M, Brenner A, journalName=International Journal of Cancer, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Sugiyama H, Misumi M, Brenner A, et al. Radiation risk of incident colorectal cancer by anatomical site among atomic bomb survivors: 1958−2009[J]. International Journal of Cancer, 2020, 146(3): 635-645., articleTitle=Radiation risk of incident colorectal cancer by anatomical site among atomic bomb survivors: 1958−2009, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334947319373842, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=187, issue=5, pageStart=538, pageEnd=548, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=19, authorNames=Cahoon E K, Preston D L, Pierce D A, journalName=Radiation Research, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Cahoon E K, Preston D L, Pierce D A, et al. Lung, laryngeal and other respiratory cancer incidence among Japanese atomic bomb survivors: An updated analysis from 1958 through 2009[J]. Radiation Research, 2017, 187(5): 538-548., articleTitle=Lung, laryngeal and other respiratory cancer incidence among Japanese atomic bomb survivors: An updated analysis from 1958 through 2009, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334947386482707, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=195, issue=1, pageStart=60, pageEnd=65, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=20, authorNames=Utada M, Brenner A V, Preston D L, journalName=Radiation Research, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Utada M, Brenner A V, Preston D L, et al. Radiation risk of ovarian cancer in atomic bomb survivors: 1958−2009[J]. Radiation Research, 2021, 195(1): 60-65., articleTitle=Radiation risk of ovarian cancer in atomic bomb survivors: 1958−2009, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334947453591572, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=192, issue=5, pageStart=527, pageEnd=537, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=21, authorNames=Gillies M, Haylock R, Hunter N, journalName=Radiation Research, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Gillies M, Haylock R, Hunter N, et al. Risk of leukemia associated with protracted low−dose radiation exposure: Updated results from the national registry for radiation workers study[J]. Radiation Research, 2019, 192(5): 527-537., articleTitle=Risk of leukemia associated with protracted low−dose radiation exposure: Updated results from the national registry for radiation workers study, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334947533283349, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=119, issue=5, pageStart=631, pageEnd=637, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=22, authorNames=Haylock R G E, Gillies M, Hunter N, journalName=British Journal of Cancer, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Haylock R G E, Gillies M, Hunter N, et al. Cancer mortality and incidence following external occupational radiation exposure: An update of the 3rd analysis of the UK national registry for radiation workers[J]. British Journal of Cancer, 2018, 119(5): 631-637., articleTitle=Cancer mortality and incidence following external occupational radiation exposure: An update of the 3rd analysis of the UK national registry for radiation workers, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334947604586518, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=2, issue=7, pageStart=e276, pageEnd=e281, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=23, authorNames=Leuraud K, Richardson D B, Cardis E, journalName=The Lancet Haematology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Leuraud K, Richardson D B, Cardis E, et al. Ionising radiation and risk of death from leukaemia and lymphoma in radiation−monitored workers (INWORKS): An international cohort study[J]. The Lancet Haematology, 2015, 2(7): e276-e281., articleTitle=Ionising radiation and risk of death from leukaemia and lymphoma in radiation−monitored workers (INWORKS): An international cohort study, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334947675889687, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=37, issue=12, pageStart=1152, pageEnd=1160, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=24, authorNames=Kaiser J C, Meckbach R, Eidemüller M, journalName=Carcinogenesis, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Kaiser J C, Meckbach R, Eidemüller M, et al. Integration of a radiation biomarker into modeling of thyroid carcinogenesis and post−Chernobyl risk assessment[J]. Carcinogenesis, 2016, 37(12): 1152-1160., articleTitle=Integration of a radiation biomarker into modeling of thyroid carcinogenesis and post−Chernobyl risk assessment, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334947742998552, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=114, issue=4, pageStart=388, pageEnd=394, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[26], rfOrder=25, authorNames=de Gonzalez Berrington A, Salotti J A, McHugh K, journalName=British Journal of Cancer, refType=null, unstructuredReference=de Gonzalez Berrington A, Salotti J A, McHugh K, et al. Relationship between paediatric CT scans and subsequent risk of leukaemia and brain tumours: Assessment of the impact of underlying conditions[J]. British Journal of Cancer, 2016, 114(4): 388-394., articleTitle=Relationship between paediatric CT scans and subsequent risk of leukaemia and brain tumours: Assessment of the impact of underlying conditions, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334947805913113, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=200, issue=16/17/18, pageStart=1495, pageEnd=1500, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[27], rfOrder=26, authorNames=Chen J, journalName=Radiation Protection Dosimetry, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Chen J. A summary of updated UNSCEAR evaluations on medical and occupational exposures to ionising radiation and call for participation in UNSCEAR Global Surveys on radiation exposure[J]. Radiation Protection Dosimetry, 2024, 200(16/17/18): 1495-1500., articleTitle=A summary of updated UNSCEAR evaluations on medical and occupational exposures to ionising radiation and call for participation in UNSCEAR Global Surveys on radiation exposure, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334947864633370, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2010, volume=40, issue=1, pageStart=1, pageEnd=64, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[28], rfOrder=27, authorNames=Clement C H, Tirmarche M, Harrison J D, journalName=Annals of the ICRP, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Clement C H, Tirmarche M, Harrison J D, et al. Lung cancer risk from radon and progeny and statement on radon[J]. Annals of the ICRP, 2010, 40(1): 1-64., articleTitle=Lung cancer risk from radon and progeny and statement on radon, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334947940130843, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=50, issue=4, pageStart=1, pageEnd=143, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[29], rfOrder=28, authorNames=Tirmarche M, Apostoaei I, Blanchardon E, journalName=Annals of the ICRP, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Tirmarche M, Apostoaei I, Blanchardon E, et al. ICRP publication 150: Cancer risks from Plutonium and uranium exposure[J]. Annals of the ICRP, 2021, 50(4): 1-143., articleTitle=ICRP publication 150: Cancer risks from Plutonium and uranium exposure, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334948003045404, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2009, volume=172, issue=2, pageStart=213, pageEnd=219, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=29, authorNames=Weil M M, Bedford J S, Bielefeldt−Ohmann H, journalName=Radiation Research, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Weil M M, Bedford J S, Bielefeldt−Ohmann H, et al. Incidence of acute myeloid leukemia and hepatocellular carcinoma in mice irradiated with 1 GeV/nucleon (56)Fe ions[J]. Radiation Research, 2009, 172(2): 213-219., articleTitle=Incidence of acute myeloid leukemia and hepatocellular carcinoma in mice irradiated with 1 GeV/nucleon (56)Fe ions, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334948074348573, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=64, issue=36, pageStart=3824, pageEnd=3829, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[31], rfOrder=30, authorNames=胡文涛, 周光明, journalName=科学通报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=胡文涛, 周光明. 中国空间辐射生物研究面临的挑战和机遇[J]. 科学通报, 2019, 64(36): 3824-3829., articleTitle=中国空间辐射生物研究面临的挑战和机遇, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334948137263134, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2004, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[32], rfOrder=31, authorNames=Longnecker D E, Manning F J, Worth M H, journalName=Review of NASA's longitudinal study of astronaut health, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Longnecker D E, Manning F J, Worth M H, et al. Review of NASA's longitudinal study of astronaut health[M]. Washington, D. C.: National Academies Press, 2004., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334948200177695, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=340, issue=6136, pageStart=1080, pageEnd=1084, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[33], rfOrder=32, authorNames=Zeitlin C, Hassler D M, Cucinotta F A, journalName=Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zeitlin C, Hassler D M, Cucinotta F A, et al. Measurements of energetic particle radiation in transit to Mars on the Mars Science Laboratory[J]. Science, 2013, 340(6136): 1080-1084., articleTitle=Measurements of energetic particle radiation in transit to Mars on the Mars Science Laboratory, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334948271480864, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2011, volume=71, issue=22, pageStart=6926, pageEnd=6929, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[34], rfOrder=33, authorNames=Shay J W, Cucinotta F A, Sulzman F M, journalName=Cancer Research, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Shay J W, Cucinotta F A, Sulzman F M, et al. From mice and men to earth and space: Joint NASA–NCI workshop on lung cancer risk resulting from space and terrestrial radiation[J]. Cancer Research, 2011, 71(22): 6926-6929., articleTitle=From mice and men to earth and space: Joint NASA–NCI workshop on lung cancer risk resulting from space and terrestrial radiation, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334948330201121, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=364, issue=6436, pageStart=eaau8650, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[35], rfOrder=34, authorNames=Garrett−Bakelman F E, Darshi M, Green S J, journalName=Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Garrett−Bakelman F E, Darshi M, Green S J, et al. The NASA Twins Study: A multidimensional analysis of a year−long human spaceflight[J]. Science, 2019, 364(6436): eaau8650., articleTitle=The NASA Twins Study: A multidimensional analysis of a year−long human spaceflight, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334948397309986, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=6, issue=null, pageStart=92, pageEnd=103, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[36], rfOrder=35, authorNames=Barcellos−Hoff M H, Blakely E A, Burma S, journalName=Life Sciences in Space Research, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Barcellos−Hoff M H, Blakely E A, Burma S, et al. Concepts and challenges in cancer risk prediction for the space radiation environment[J]. Life Sciences in Space Research, 2015, 6: 92-103., articleTitle=Concepts and challenges in cancer risk prediction for the space radiation environment, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334948456030243, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=9, issue=8, pageStart=e104819, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[37], rfOrder=36, authorNames=Weil M M, Ray F A, Genik P C, journalName=PLoS One, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Weil M M, Ray F A, Genik P C, et al. Effects of 28Si ions, 56Fe ions, and protons on the induction of murine acute myeloid leukemia and hepatocellular carcinoma[J]. PLoS One, 2014, 9(8): e104819., articleTitle=Effects of 28Si ions, 56Fe ions, and protons on the induction of murine acute myeloid leukemia and hepatocellular carcinoma, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334948514750500, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2008, volume=8, issue=6, pageStart=465, pageEnd=472, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[38], rfOrder=37, authorNames=Durante M, Cucinotta F A, journalName=Nature Reviews Cancer, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Durante M, Cucinotta F A. Heavy ion carcinogenesis and human space exploration[J]. Nature Reviews Cancer, 2008, 8(6): 465-472., articleTitle=Heavy ion carcinogenesis and human space exploration, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334948581859365, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=184, issue=24, pageStart=6002, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[39], rfOrder=38, authorNames=Afshinnekoo E, Scott R T, Mackay M J, journalName=Cell, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Afshinnekoo E, Scott R T, Mackay M J, et al. Fundamental Biological features of spaceflight: Advancing the field to enable deep−space exploration[J]. Cell, 2021, 184(24): 6002., articleTitle=Fundamental Biological features of spaceflight: Advancing the field to enable deep−space exploration, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334948644773926, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2006, volume=7, issue=5, pageStart=431, pageEnd=435, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[40], rfOrder=39, authorNames=Cucinotta F A, Durante M, journalName=The Lancet Oncology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Cucinotta F A, Durante M. . Cancer risk from exposure to galactic cosmic rays: Implications for space exploration by human beings[J]. The Lancet Oncology, 2006, 7(5): 431-435., articleTitle=Cancer risk from exposure to galactic cosmic rays: Implications for space exploration by human beings, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334948707688487, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[41], rfOrder=40, authorNames=Baatout S, journalName=Radiobiology textbook, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Baatout S. Radiobiology textbook[M]. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334948778991656, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=52, issue=11, pageStart=e70086, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[42], rfOrder=41, authorNames=Chrystall D, Stewart M, Jin F, journalName=Medical Physics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Chrystall D, Stewart M, Jin F, et al. Experimental investigation of real−time 3D beam's eye view image−guided radiotherapy for prostate SBRT[J]. Medical Physics, 2025, 52(11): e70086., articleTitle=Experimental investigation of real−time 3D beam's eye view image−guided radiotherapy for prostate SBRT, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334948846100521, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=50, issue=Suppl 1, pageStart=74, pageEnd=79, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[43], rfOrder=42, authorNames=Mohan R, journalName=Medical Physics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Mohan R. Intensity−modulated radiation therapy−you can have your cake and eat it too![J]. Medical Physics, 2023, 50(Suppl 1): 74-79., articleTitle=Intensity−modulated radiation therapy−you can have your cake and eat it too!, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334948909015082, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=6, issue=4, pageStart=328, pageEnd=335, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[44], rfOrder=43, authorNames=Haslett K, Pttgen C, Stuschke M, journalName=Journal of Thoracic Disease, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Haslett K, Pttgen C, Stuschke M, et al. Hyperfractionated and accelerated radiotherapy in non−small cell lung cancer[J]. Journal of Thoracic Disease, 2014, 6(4): 328-335., articleTitle=Hyperfractionated and accelerated radiotherapy in non−small cell lung cancer, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334948992901163, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=202, issue=null, pageStart=104567, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[45], rfOrder=44, authorNames=Ciccone L P, Franzetti J, Bonora M, journalName=Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Ciccone L P, Franzetti J, Bonora M, et al. Charged particle radiotherapy for thyroid cancer. A systematic review[J]. Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology, 2024, 202: 104567., articleTitle=Charged particle radiotherapy for thyroid cancer. A systematic review, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334949060010028, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=15, issue=null, pageStart=1523068, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[46], rfOrder=45, authorNames=Jia S K, Wei W G, He Y W, journalName=Frontiers in Oncology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Jia S K, Wei W G, He Y W, et al. The evolution of FLASH radiotherapy: A bibliometric analysis[J]. Frontiers in Oncology, 2025, 15: 1523068., articleTitle=The evolution of FLASH radiotherapy: A bibliometric analysis, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334949127118893, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2026, volume=56, issue=null, pageStart=101049, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[47], rfOrder=46, authorNames=Burns L, Tsai J, Wong P, journalName=Clinical and Translational Radiation Oncology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Burns L, Tsai J, Wong P, et al. Spatially fractionated radiotherapy for re−irradiation: Feasibility, safety, treatment planning, and outcomes[J]. Clinical and Translational Radiation Oncology, 2026, 56: 101049., articleTitle=Spatially fractionated radiotherapy for re−irradiation: Feasibility, safety, treatment planning, and outcomes, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334949194227758, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2026, volume=16, issue=1, pageStart=417, pageEnd=464, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[48], rfOrder=47, authorNames=Wang W Y, Zhang E Z, Shan J J, journalName=Theranostics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang W Y, Zhang E Z, Shan J J, et al. State−of−the−art boron clusters for boron neutron−capture therapy[J]. Theranostics, 2026, 16(1): 417-464., articleTitle=State−of−the−art boron clusters for boron neutron−capture therapy, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334949265530927, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2011, volume=11, issue=4, pageStart=239, pageEnd=253, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[49], rfOrder=48, authorNames=Begg A C, Stewart F A, Vens C, journalName=Nature Reviews Cancer, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Begg A C, Stewart F A, Vens C. Strategies to improve radiotherapy with targeted drugs[J]. Nature Reviews Cancer, 2011, 11(4): 239-253., articleTitle=Strategies to improve radiotherapy with targeted drugs, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334949341028400, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=10, issue=null, pageStart=567219, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[50], rfOrder=49, authorNames=Qiu B, Aili A, Xue L, journalName=Frontiers in Oncology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Qiu B, Aili A, Xue L, et al. Advances in radiobiology of stereotactic ablative radiotherapy[J]. Frontiers in Oncology, 2020, 10: 567219., articleTitle=Advances in radiobiology of stereotactic ablative radiotherapy, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334949420720177, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=9, issue=3, pageStart=193, pageEnd=199, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[51], rfOrder=50, authorNames=Baskar R, Lee K A, Yeo R, journalName=International Journal of Medical Sciences, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Baskar R, Lee K A, Yeo R, et al. Cancer and radiation therapy: Current advances and future directions[J]. International Journal of Medical Sciences, 2012, 9(3): 193-199., articleTitle=Cancer and radiation therapy: Current advances and future directions, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334949483634738, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=6, issue=7, pageStart=e354, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[52], rfOrder=51, authorNames=Lupu−Plesu M, Claren A, Martial S, journalName=Oncogenesis, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Lupu−Plesu M, Claren A, Martial S, et al. Effects of proton versus photon irradiation on (lymph)angiogenic, inflammatory, proliferative and anti−tumor immune responses in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma[J]. Oncogenesis, 2017, 6(7): e354., articleTitle=Effects of proton versus photon irradiation on (lymph)angiogenic, inflammatory, proliferative and anti−tumor immune responses in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334949546549299, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=23, issue=8, pageStart=4456, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[53], rfOrder=52, authorNames=Grimm D, journalName=International Journal of Molecular Sciences, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Grimm D. Microgravity and space medicine 2.0[J]. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2022, 23(8): 4456., articleTitle=Microgravity and space medicine 2.0, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334949609463860, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=2014, issue=null, pageStart=652434, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[54], rfOrder=53, authorNames=Masiello M G, Cucina A, Proietti S, journalName=BioMed Research International, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Masiello M G, Cucina A, Proietti S, et al. Phenotypic switch induced by simulated microgravity on MDA−MB−231 breast cancer cells[J]. BioMed Research International, 2014, 2014: 652434., articleTitle=Phenotypic switch induced by simulated microgravity on MDA−MB−231 breast cancer cells, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334949676572725, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=11, issue=5, pageStart=433, pageEnd=440, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[55], rfOrder=54, authorNames=Akbarialiabad H, Jamshidi P, Aminzade Z, journalName=Trends in Cancer, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Akbarialiabad H, Jamshidi P, Aminzade Z, et al. Leveraging space innovations for cancer breakthroughs on Earth[J]. Trends in Cancer, 2025, 11(5): 433-440., articleTitle=Leveraging space innovations for cancer breakthroughs on Earth, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334949735292982, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=36, issue=1 suppl, pageStart=148s, pageEnd=171s, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[56], rfOrder=55, authorNames=Niknam N, Akbarialiabad H, Kouhanjani Farjoud M, journalName=Wilderness & Environmental Medicine, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Niknam N, Akbarialiabad H, Kouhanjani Farjoud M, et al. Space oncology: A comprehensive scoping review[J]. Wilderness & Environmental Medicine, 2025, 36(1 suppl): 148s-171s., articleTitle=Space oncology: A comprehensive scoping review, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334949810790455, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=6, issue=null, pageStart=33455, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[57], rfOrder=56, authorNames=McConnell A M, Konda B, Kirsch D G, journalName=Scientific Reports, refType=null, unstructuredReference=McConnell A M, Konda B, Kirsch D G, et al. Distal airway epithelial progenitor cells are radiosensitive to High−LET radiation[J]. Scientific Reports, 2016, 6: 33455., articleTitle=Distal airway epithelial progenitor cells are radiosensitive to High−LET radiation, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334949873705016, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=8, issue=1, pageStart=6709, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[58], rfOrder=57, authorNames=Kennedy E M, Powell D R, Li Z, journalName=Scientific Reports, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Kennedy E M, Powell D R, Li Z, et al. Galactic cosmic radiation induces persistent epigenome alterations relevant to human lung cancer[J]. Scientific Reports, 2018, 8(1): 6709., articleTitle=Galactic cosmic radiation induces persistent epigenome alterations relevant to human lung cancer, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334949949202489, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1994, volume=14, issue=10, pageStart=573, pageEnd=581, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[59], rfOrder=58, authorNames=Alpen E L, Powers−Risius P, Curtis S B, journalName=Advances in Space Research, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Alpen E L, Powers−Risius P, Curtis S B, et al. Fluence−based relative biological effectiveness for charged particle carcinogenesis in mouse Harderian gland[J]. Advances in Space Research, 1994, 14(10): 573-581., articleTitle=Fluence−based relative biological effectiveness for charged particle carcinogenesis in mouse Harderian gland, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334950007922746, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=133, issue=9, pageStart=1278, pageEnd=1296, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[60], rfOrder=59, authorNames=Li W S, Pei W W, Wang Y W, journalName=British Journal of Cancer, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Li W S, Pei W W, Wang Y W, et al. Unraveling cellular dynamic changes in tumor evolution induced by long−term low dose−rate radiation[J]. British Journal of Cancer, 2025, 133(9): 1278-1296., articleTitle=Unraveling cellular dynamic changes in tumor evolution induced by long−term low dose−rate radiation, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334950062448699, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2006, volume=166, issue=3, pageStart=488, pageEnd=494, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[61], rfOrder=60, authorNames=Zhou G M, Bennett P V, Cutter N C, journalName=Radiation Research, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhou G M, Bennett P V, Cutter N C, et al. Proton−HZE−particle sequential dual−beam exposures increase anchorage−independent growth frequencies in primary human fibroblasts[J]. Radiation Research, 2006, 166(3): 488-494., articleTitle=Proton−HZE−particle sequential dual−beam exposures increase anchorage−independent growth frequencies in primary human fibroblasts, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334950129557564, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2007, volume=46, issue=2, pageStart=125, pageEnd=129, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[62], rfOrder=61, authorNames=Hada M, Meador J A, Cucinotta F A, journalName=Radiation and Environmental Biophysics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Hada M, Meador J A, Cucinotta F A, et al. Chromosome aberrations induced by dual exposure of protons and iron ions[J]. Radiation and Environmental Biophysics, 2007, 46(2): 125-129., articleTitle=Chromosome aberrations induced by dual exposure of protons and iron ions, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334950196666429, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=6, issue=3, pageStart=132, pageEnd=139, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[63], rfOrder=62, authorNames=Wang H Y, Zou W J, Cao Y, journalName=Radiation Medicine and Protection, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang H Y, Zou W J, Cao Y. Radiation−induced cellular senescence and adaptive response: Mechanistic interplay and implications[J]. Radiation Medicine and Protection, 2025, 6(3): 132-139., articleTitle=Radiation−induced cellular senescence and adaptive response: Mechanistic interplay and implications, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334950267969598, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2010, volume=86, issue=8, pageStart=669, pageEnd=681, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[64], rfOrder=63, authorNames=Takahashi A, Suzuki H, Omori K, journalName=International Journal of Radiation Biology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Takahashi A, Suzuki H, Omori K, et al. The expression of p53−regulated genes in human cultured lymphoblastoid TSCE5 and WTK1 cell lines during spaceflight[J]. International Journal of Radiation Biology, 2010, 86(8): 669-681., articleTitle=The expression of p53−regulated genes in human cultured lymphoblastoid TSCE5 and WTK1 cell lines during spaceflight, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334950343467071, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=114, issue=3, pageStart=616, pageEnd=624, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[65], rfOrder=64, authorNames=Brinley A A, Theriot C A, Nelman−Gonzalez M, journalName=Journal of Cellular Biochemistry, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Brinley A A, Theriot C A, Nelman−Gonzalez M, et al. Characterization of Epstein−Barr virus reactivation in a modeled spaceflight system[J]. Journal of Cellular Biochemistry, 2013, 114(3): 616-624., articleTitle=Characterization of Epstein−Barr virus reactivation in a modeled spaceflight system, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334950406381632, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=24, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=8, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[66], rfOrder=65, authorNames=Fu H J, Su F, Zhu J, journalName=Life Sciences in Space Research, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Fu H J, Su F, Zhu J, et al. Effect of simulated microgravity and ionizing radiation on expression profiles of miRNA, lncRNA, and mRNA in human lymphoblastoid cells[J]. Life Sciences in Space Research, 2020, 24: 1-8., articleTitle=Effect of simulated microgravity and ionizing radiation on expression profiles of miRNA, lncRNA, and mRNA in human lymphoblastoid cells, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334950473490497, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2008, volume=42, issue=12, pageStart=1898, pageEnd=1905, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[67], rfOrder=66, authorNames=Yang C, Li Y H, Zhang Z J, journalName=Advances in Space Research, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yang C, Li Y H, Zhang Z J, et al. Effects of space flight exposure on cell growth, tumorigenicity and gene expression in cancer cells[J]. Advances in Space Research, 2008, 42(12): 1898-1905., articleTitle=Effects of space flight exposure on cell growth, tumorigenicity and gene expression in cancer cells, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334950553182274, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=10, issue=9, pageStart=187, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[68], rfOrder=67, authorNames=Yamanouchi S, Rhone J, Mao J H, journalName=Life, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yamanouchi S, Rhone J, Mao J H, et al. Simultaneous exposure of cultured human lymphoblastic cells to simulated microgravity and radiation increases chromosome aberrations[J]. Life, 2020, 10(9): 187., articleTitle=Simultaneous exposure of cultured human lymphoblastic cells to simulated microgravity and radiation increases chromosome aberrations, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334950624485443, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=11, issue=1, pageStart=26, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[69], rfOrder=68, authorNames=Ding Y N, Xu Y, Wang X F, journalName=npj Microgravity, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Ding Y N, Xu Y, Wang X F, et al. Microgravity alleviates low−dose radiation−induced non−targeted carcinogenic effects[J]. npj Microgravity, 2025, 11(1): 26., articleTitle=Microgravity alleviates low−dose radiation−induced non−targeted carcinogenic effects, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334950691594308, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[70], rfOrder=69, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=徐颖. ARRB1在空间辐射和微重力协同诱导肺上皮细胞恶性转化中的作用及机制研究[D]. 苏州: 苏州大学, 2025., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334950758703173, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=7, issue=9, pageStart=1437, pageEnd=1446, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[71], rfOrder=70, authorNames=Lei X H, Cao Y J, Ma B H, journalName=National Science Review, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Lei X H, Cao Y J, Ma B H, et al. Development of mouse preimplantation embryos in space[J]. National Science Review, 2020, 7(9): 1437-1446., articleTitle=Development of mouse preimplantation embryos in space, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334950817423430, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=1, issue=3, pageStart=140, pageEnd=152, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[72], rfOrder=71, authorNames=Nilsson R, Liu N G, journalName=Radiation Medicine and Protection, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Nilsson R, Liu N G. Nuclear DNA damages generated by reactive oxygen molecules (ROS) under oxidative stress and their relevance to human cancers, including ionizing radiation−induced neoplasia Part I: Physical, chemical and molecular biology aspects[J]. Radiation Medicine and Protection, 2020, 1(3): 140-152., articleTitle=Nuclear DNA damages generated by reactive oxygen molecules (ROS) under oxidative stress and their relevance to human cancers, including ionizing radiation−induced neoplasia Part I: Physical, chemical and molecular biology aspects, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334950880337991, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=21, issue=12, pageStart=765, pageEnd=781, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[73], rfOrder=72, authorNames=Zhao B L, Rothenberg E, Ramsden D A, journalName=Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhao B L, Rothenberg E, Ramsden D A, et al. The molecular basis and disease relevance of non−homologous DNA end joining[J]. Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology, 2020, 21(12): 765-781., articleTitle=The molecular basis and disease relevance of non−homologous DNA end joining, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334950943252552, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=20, issue=11, pageStart=698, pageEnd=714, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[74], rfOrder=73, authorNames=Scully R, Panday A, Elango R, journalName=Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Scully R, Panday A, Elango R, et al. DNA double−strand break repair−pathway choice in somatic mammalian cells[J]. Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology, 2019, 20(11): 698-714., articleTitle=DNA double−strand break repair−pathway choice in somatic mammalian cells, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334951001972809, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2000, volume=97, issue=1, pageStart=103, pageEnd=108, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[75], rfOrder=74, authorNames=Sutherland B M, Bennett P V, Sidorkina O, journalName=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Sutherland B M, Bennett P V, Sidorkina O, et al. Clustered DNA damages induced in isolated DNA and in human cells by low doses of ionizing radiation[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2000, 97(1): 103-108., articleTitle=Clustered DNA damages induced in isolated DNA and in human cells by low doses of ionizing radiation, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334951064887370, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=48, issue=3, pageStart=e18, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[76], rfOrder=75, authorNames=Xu X, Nakano T, Tsuda M, journalName=Nucleic Acids Research, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Xu X, Nakano T, Tsuda M, et al. Direct observation of damage clustering in irradiated DNA with atomic force microscopy[J]. Nucleic Acids Research, 2020, 48(3): e18., articleTitle=Direct observation of damage clustering in irradiated DNA with atomic force microscopy, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334951131996235, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2011, volume=108, issue=20, pageStart=8293, pageEnd=8298, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[77], rfOrder=76, authorNames=Asaithamby A, Hu B R, Chen D J, journalName=PNAS, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Asaithamby A, Hu B R, Chen D J. Unrepaired clustered DNA lesions induce chromosome breakage in human cells[J]. PNAS, 2011, 108(20): 8293-8298., articleTitle=Unrepaired clustered DNA lesions induce chromosome breakage in human cells, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334951190716492, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1996, volume=47, issue=2/3, pageStart=99, pageEnd=112, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[78], rfOrder=77, authorNames=Horneck G, Rettberg P, Baumstark−Khan C, journalName=Journal of Biotechnology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Horneck G, Rettberg P, Baumstark−Khan C, et al. DNA repair in microgravity: Studies on bacteria and mammalian cells in the experiments REPAIR and KINETICS[J]. Journal of Biotechnology, 1996, 47(2/3): 99-112., articleTitle=DNA repair in microgravity: Studies on bacteria and mammalian cells in the experiments REPAIR and KINETICS, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334951266213965, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2009, volume=663, issue=1/2, pageStart=32, pageEnd=39, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[79], rfOrder=78, authorNames=Mognato M, Girardi C, Fabris S, journalName=Mutation Research, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Mognato M, Girardi C, Fabris S, et al. DNA repair in modeled microgravity: Double strand break rejoining activity in human lymphocytes irradiated with gamma−rays[J]. Mutation Research, 2009, 663(1/2): 32-39., articleTitle=DNA repair in modeled microgravity: Double strand break rejoining activity in human lymphocytes irradiated with gamma−rays, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334951341711438, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=3, issue=null, pageStart=14, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[80], rfOrder=79, authorNames=Moreno−Villanueva M, Wong M, Lu T, journalName=npj Microgravity, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Moreno−Villanueva M, Wong M, Lu T, et al. Interplay of space radiation and microgravity in DNA damage and DNA damage response[J]. npj Microgravity, 2017, 3: 14., articleTitle=Interplay of space radiation and microgravity in DNA damage and DNA damage response, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334951408820303, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2005, volume=163, issue=2, pageStart=191, pageEnd=199, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[81], rfOrder=80, authorNames=Canova S, Fiorasi F, Mognato M, journalName=Radiation Research, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Canova S, Fiorasi F, Mognato M, et al. "Modeled microgravity" affects cell response to ionizing radiation and increases genomic damage[J]. Radiation Research, 2005, 163(2): 191-199., articleTitle="Modeled microgravity" affects cell response to ionizing radiation and increases genomic damage, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334951471734864, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=32, issue=1, pageStart=27, pageEnd=41. e4, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[82], rfOrder=81, authorNames=Qu K, Zaba L C, Satpathy A T, journalName=Cancer Cell, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Qu K, Zaba L C, Satpathy A T, et al. Chromatin accessibility landscape of cutaneous T cell lymphoma and dynamic response to HDAC inhibitors[J]. Cancer Cell, 2017, 32(1): 27−41. e4., articleTitle=Chromatin accessibility landscape of cutaneous T cell lymphoma and dynamic response to HDAC inhibitors, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334951534649425, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=88, issue=1047, pageStart=20140649, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[83], rfOrder=82, authorNames=Olcina M M, dell O' S, Hammond E M, journalName=The British Journal of Radiology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Olcina M M, dell O' S, Hammond E M. Targeting chromatin to improve radiation response[J]. The British Journal of Radiology, 2015, 88(1047): 20140649., articleTitle=Targeting chromatin to improve radiation response, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334951597563986, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=20, issue=15, pageStart=2259, pageEnd=2263, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[84], rfOrder=83, authorNames=戴婷婷, 贾保昌, 孙洁璇, journalName=检验医学与临床, refType=null, unstructuredReference=戴婷婷, 贾保昌, 孙洁璇, . lncRNA作为鼻咽癌诊断、治疗、预后标志物的研究进展[J]. 检验医学与临床, 2023, 20(15): 2259-2263., articleTitle=lncRNA作为鼻咽癌诊断、治疗、预后标志物的研究进展, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334951664672851, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=6, issue=4, pageStart=196, pageEnd=204, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[85], rfOrder=84, authorNames=Yang X Y, Hu W T, Zhou G M, journalName=Radiation Medicine and Protection, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yang X Y, Hu W T, Zhou G M. Advances in research on the molecular mechanisms of miRNAs in radiation responses[J]. Radiation Medicine and Protection, 2025, 6(4): 196-204., articleTitle=Advances in research on the molecular mechanisms of miRNAs in radiation responses, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334951719198804, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=28, issue=null, pageStart=11, pageEnd=17, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[86], rfOrder=85, authorNames=Li Z, Jella K K, Jaafar L, journalName=Life Sciences in Space Research, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Li Z, Jella K K, Jaafar L, et al. Characterization of exosome release and extracellular vesicle−associated miRNAs for human bronchial epithelial cells irradiated with high charge and energy ions[J]. Life Sciences in Space Research, 2021, 28: 11-17., articleTitle=Characterization of exosome release and extracellular vesicle−associated miRNAs for human bronchial epithelial cells irradiated with high charge and energy ions, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334951777919061, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2011, volume=52, issue=4, pageStart=425, pageEnd=432, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[87], rfOrder=86, authorNames=Ding N, Wu X, He J P, journalName=Journal of Radiation Research, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Ding N, Wu X, He J P, et al. Detection of novel human miRNAs responding to X−ray irradiation[J]. Journal of Radiation Research, 2011, 52(4): 425-432., articleTitle=Detection of novel human miRNAs responding to X−ray irradiation, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334951840833622, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=32, issue=4, pageStart=484, pageEnd=489, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[88], rfOrder=87, authorNames=李朋飞, 胡文涛, 裴海龙, journalName=原子核物理评论, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李朋飞, 胡文涛, 裴海龙, . 电离辐射改变长链非编码RNA的表达谱[J]. 原子核物理评论, 2015, 32(4): 484-489., articleTitle=电离辐射改变长链非编码RNA的表达谱, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334951907942487, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=22, issue=6, pageStart=3211, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[89], rfOrder=88, authorNames=Wu A Q, Tang J X, Guo Z Y, journalName=International Journal of Molecular Sciences, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wu A Q, Tang J X, Guo Z Y, et al. Long non−coding RNA CRYBG3 promotes lung cancer metastasis via activating the eEF1A1/MDM2/MTBP axis[J]. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2021, 22(6): 3211., articleTitle=Long non−coding RNA CRYBG3 promotes lung cancer metastasis via activating the eEF1A1/MDM2/MTBP axis, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334951970857048, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=9, issue=14, pageStart=2580, pageEnd=2588, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[90], rfOrder=89, authorNames=Chen H Y, Pei H L, Hu W T, journalName=Journal of Cancer, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Chen H Y, Pei H L, Hu W T, et al. Long non−coding RNA CRYBG3 regulates glycolysis of lung cancer cells by interacting with lactate dehydrogenase A[J]. Journal of Cancer, 2018, 9(14): 2580-2588., articleTitle=Long non−coding RNA CRYBG3 regulates glycolysis of lung cancer cells by interacting with lactate dehydrogenase A, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334952037965913, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=78, issue=16, pageStart=4563, pageEnd=4572, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[91], rfOrder=90, authorNames=Pei H L, Hu W T, Guo Z Y, journalName=Cancer Research, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Pei H L, Hu W T, Guo Z Y, et al. Long noncoding RNA CRYBG3 blocks cytokinesis by directly binding G−actin[J]. Cancer Research, 2018, 78(16): 4563-4572., articleTitle=Long noncoding RNA CRYBG3 blocks cytokinesis by directly binding G−actin, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334952096686170, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=10, issue=13, pageStart=2300314, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[92], rfOrder=91, authorNames=Pei H L, Dai Y C, Yu Y D, journalName=Advanced Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Pei H L, Dai Y C, Yu Y D, et al. The tumorigenic effect of lncRNA AFAP1−AS1 is mediated by translated peptide ATMLP under the control of m6A methylation[J]. Advanced Science, 2023, 10(13): 2300314., articleTitle=The tumorigenic effect of lncRNA AFAP1−AS1 is mediated by translated peptide ATMLP under the control of m6A methylation, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334952167989339, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=121, issue=1, pageStart=1, pageEnd=3, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[93], rfOrder=92, authorNames=Peng X J, Huang Y X, Alisafaei F, journalName=Biophysical Journal, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Peng X J, Huang Y X, Alisafaei F. Cytoskeleton−mediated alterations of nuclear mechanics by extracellular mechanical signals[J]. Biophysical Journal, 2022, 121(1): 1-3., articleTitle=Cytoskeleton−mediated alterations of nuclear mechanics by extracellular mechanical signals, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334952235098204, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=11, issue=10, pageStart=1091, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[94], rfOrder=93, authorNames=Gardiner J, journalName=Life, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Gardiner J. Cytoskeletal tensegrity in microgravity[J]. Life, 2021, 11(10): 1091., articleTitle=Cytoskeletal tensegrity in microgravity, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334952302207069, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=13, issue=3, pageStart=209, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[95], rfOrder=94, authorNames=Zheng L J, Luo C Y, Yang N, journalName=Cell Death & Disease, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zheng L J, Luo C Y, Yang N, et al. Ionizing radiation−induced long noncoding RNA CRYBG3 regulates YAP/TAZ through mechanotransduction[J]. Cell Death & Disease, 2022, 13(3): 209., articleTitle=Ionizing radiation−induced long noncoding RNA CRYBG3 regulates YAP/TAZ through mechanotransduction, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334952365121630, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=6, issue=null, pageStart=39015, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[96], rfOrder=95, authorNames=Indo H P, Majima H J, Terada M, journalName=Scientific Reports, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Indo H P, Majima H J, Terada M, et al. Changes in mitochondrial homeostasis and redox status in astronauts following long stays in space[J]. Scientific Reports, 2016, 6: 39015., articleTitle=Changes in mitochondrial homeostasis and redox status in astronauts following long stays in space, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334952432230495, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=183, issue=5, pageStart=1185, pageEnd=1201. e20, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[97], rfOrder=96, authorNames=da Silveira W A, Fazelinia H, Rosenthal S B, journalName=Cell, refType=null, unstructuredReference=da Silveira W A, Fazelinia H, Rosenthal S B, et al. Comprehensive multi−omics analysis reveals mitochondrial stress as a central biological hub for spaceflight impact[J]. Cell, 2020, 183(5): 1185−1201. e20., articleTitle=Comprehensive multi−omics analysis reveals mitochondrial stress as a central biological hub for spaceflight impact, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334952503533664, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=632, issue=8027, pageStart=1145, pageEnd=1154, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[98], rfOrder=97, authorNames=Overbey E G, Kim J, Tierney B T, journalName=Nature, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Overbey E G, Kim J, Tierney B T, et al. The Space Omics and Medical Atlas (SOMA) and international astronaut biobank[J]. Nature, 2024, 632(8027): 1145-1154., articleTitle=The Space Omics and Medical Atlas (SOMA) and international astronaut biobank, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334952562253921, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=7, issue=1, pageStart=pbae007, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[99], rfOrder=98, authorNames=Garcia−Medina J S, Sienkiewicz K, Narayanan S A, journalName=Precision Clinical Medicine, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Garcia−Medina J S, Sienkiewicz K, Narayanan S A, et al. Genome and clonal hematopoiesis stability contrasts with immune, cfDNA, mitochondrial, and telomere length changes during short duration spaceflight[J]. Precision Clinical Medicine, 2024, 7(1): pbae007., articleTitle=Genome and clonal hematopoiesis stability contrasts with immune, cfDNA, mitochondrial, and telomere length changes during short duration spaceflight, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334952629362786, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=15, issue=1, pageStart=4814, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[100], rfOrder=99, authorNames=Husna N, Aiba T, Fujita S I, journalName=Nature Communications, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Husna N, Aiba T, Fujita S I, et al. Release of CD36−associated cell−free mitochondrial DNA and RNA as a hallmark of space environment response[J]. Nature Communications, 2024, 15(1): 4814., articleTitle=Release of CD36−associated cell−free mitochondrial DNA and RNA as a hallmark of space environment response, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334952688083043, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=615, issue=7953, pageStart=712, pageEnd=719, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[101], rfOrder=100, authorNames=Han M Q, Bushong E A, Segawa M, journalName=Nature, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Han M Q, Bushong E A, Segawa M, et al. Spatial mapping of mitochondrial networks and bioenergetics in lung cancer[J]. Nature, 2023, 615(7953): 712-719., articleTitle=Spatial mapping of mitochondrial networks and bioenergetics in lung cancer, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334952746803300, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2026, volume=6, issue=null, pageStart=478, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[102], rfOrder=101, authorNames=Ma C Y, Li Q, Zhang Y, journalName=Space: Science & Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Ma C Y, Li Q, Zhang Y, et al. NADPH oxidase/antioxidant dual−target intervention reduces radiation−induced embryo defects in mice[J]. Space: Science & Technology, 2026, 6: 478., articleTitle=NADPH oxidase/antioxidant dual−target intervention reduces radiation−induced embryo defects in mice, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334952805523557, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=24, issue=1, pageStart=526, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[103], rfOrder=102, authorNames=Baghoum H, Alahmed H, Hachim M, journalName=International Journal of Molecular Sciences, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Baghoum H, Alahmed H, Hachim M, et al. Simulated microgravity influences immunity−related biomarkers in lung cancer[J]. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2023, 24(1): 526., articleTitle=Simulated microgravity influences immunity−related biomarkers in lung cancer, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334952864243814, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1999, volume=13, issue=14, pageStart=2071, pageEnd=2082, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[104], rfOrder=103, authorNames=Hashemi B B, Penkala J E, Vens C, journalName=The FASEB Journal, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Hashemi B B, Penkala J E, Vens C, et al. T cell activation responses are differentially regulated during clinorotation and in spaceflight[J]. The FASEB Journal, 1999, 13(14): 2071-2082., articleTitle=T cell activation responses are differentially regulated during clinorotation and in spaceflight, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334952927158375, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=7, issue=7, pageStart=e40365, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[105], rfOrder=104, authorNames=Shi F, Wang Y C, Zhao T Z, journalName=PLoS One, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Shi F, Wang Y C, Zhao T Z, et al. Effects of simulated microgravity on human umbilical vein endothelial cell angiogenesis and role of the PI3K−Akt−eNOS signal pathway[J]. PLoS One, 2012, 7(7): e40365., articleTitle=Effects of simulated microgravity on human umbilical vein endothelial cell angiogenesis and role of the PI3K−Akt−eNOS signal pathway, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334953002655848, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=22, issue=4, pageStart=2132, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[106], rfOrder=105, authorNames=Wise P M, Neviani P, Riwaldt S, journalName=International Journal of Molecular Sciences, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wise P M, Neviani P, Riwaldt S, et al. Changes in exosome release in thyroid cancer cells after prolonged exposure to real microgravity in space[J]. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2021, 22(4): 2132., articleTitle=Changes in exosome release in thyroid cancer cells after prolonged exposure to real microgravity in space, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334953061376105, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=220, issue=4, pageStart=500, pageEnd=509, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[107], rfOrder=106, authorNames=Novoselova E G, Lunin S M, Khrenov M O, journalName=Immunobiology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Novoselova E G, Lunin S M, Khrenov M O, et al. Changes in immune cell signalling, apoptosis and stress response functions in mice returned from the BION−M1 mission in space[J]. Immunobiology, 2015, 220(4): 500-509., articleTitle=Changes in immune cell signalling, apoptosis and stress response functions in mice returned from the BION−M1 mission in space, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334953124290666, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2005, volume=56, issue=9/10/11/12, pageStart=839, pageEnd=850, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[108], rfOrder=107, authorNames=Ilyin V K, journalName=Acta Astronautica, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Ilyin V K. Microbiological status of cosmonauts during orbital spaceflights on Salyut and Mir orbital stations[J]. Acta Astronautica, 2005, 56(9/10/11/12): 839-850., articleTitle=Microbiological status of cosmonauts during orbital spaceflights on Salyut and Mir orbital stations, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334953183010923, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1996, volume=70, issue=4, pageStart=403, pageEnd=411, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[109], rfOrder=108, authorNames=Testard M, Ricoul F, Hoffschir I, journalName=International Journal of Radiation Biology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Testard M, Ricoul F, Hoffschir I. Radiation−induced chromosome damage in astronauts' lymphocytes[J]. International Journal of Radiation Biology, 1996, 70(4): 403-411., articleTitle=Radiation−induced chromosome damage in astronauts' lymphocytes, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334953245925484, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1993, volume=29, issue=8, pageStart=581, pageEnd=585, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[110], rfOrder=109, authorNames=Grigoriev A I, Bugrov S A, Bogomolov V V, journalName=Acta Astronautica, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Grigoriev A I, Bugrov S A, Bogomolov V V, et al. Main medical results of extended flights on space station Mir in 1986−1990[J]. Acta Astronautica, 1993, 29(8): 581-585., articleTitle=Main medical results of extended flights on space station Mir in 1986−1990, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334953308840045, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2011, volume=51, issue=5, pageStart=595, pageEnd=610, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[111], rfOrder=110, authorNames=Ushakov I B, Petrov V M, Shafirkin A V, journalName=Radiatsionnaia Biologiia, Radioecologiia, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Ushakov I B, Petrov V M, Shafirkin A V, et al. Problems of ensuring human radiation safety during interplanetary flights[J]. Radiatsionnaia Biologiia, Radioecologiia, 2011, 51(5): 595-610., articleTitle=Problems of ensuring human radiation safety during interplanetary flights, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334953363365998, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=28, issue=7, pageStart=423, pageEnd=437, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[112], rfOrder=111, authorNames=Grigoryan E N, Radugina E A, journalName=Stem Cells and Development, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Grigoryan E N, Radugina E A. Behavior of stem−like cells, precursors for tissue regeneration in urodela, under conditions of microgravity[J]. Stem Cells and Development, 2019, 28(7): 423-437., articleTitle=Behavior of stem−like cells, precursors for tissue regeneration in urodela, under conditions of microgravity, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334953426280559, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2006, volume=40, issue=4, pageStart=56, pageEnd=61, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[113], rfOrder=112, authorNames=Shurshakov V A, Kartashov D A, Kolomenskiĭ A V, journalName=Aviakosmicheskaia i Ekologicheskaia Meditsina, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Shurshakov V A, Kartashov D A, Kolomenskiĭ A V, et al. Radiation protective quality of spacesuit "Orlan−M" during extravehicular activities on the International Space Station[J]. Aviakosmicheskaia i Ekologicheskaia Meditsina, 2006, 40(4): 56-61., articleTitle=Radiation protective quality of spacesuit "Orlan−M" during extravehicular activities on the International Space Station, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334953493389424, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=183, issue=4, pageStart=375, pageEnd=381, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[114], rfOrder=113, authorNames=Brooks A L, journalName=Radiation Research, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Brooks A L. A commentary on: "A history of the United States Department of Energy (DOE) low dose radiation research program: 1998−2008"[J]. Radiation Research, 2015, 183(4): 375-381., articleTitle=A commentary on: "A history of the United States Department of Energy (DOE) low dose radiation research program: 1998−2008", refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334953552109681, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[115], rfOrder=114, authorNames=Kosti O, journalName=The future of low dose radiation research in the United States: Proceedings of a symposium, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Kosti O. The future of low dose radiation research in the United States: Proceedings of a symposium[M]. Washington, D. C. : National Academies Press, 2019., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334953610829938, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=41, issue=13, pageStart=6, pageEnd=13, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[116], rfOrder=115, authorNames=韩淋, 王海名, 范唯唯, journalName=科技导报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=韩淋, 王海名, 范唯唯, . 2022年国际空间站科研与应用进展[J]. 科技导报, 2023, 41(13): 6-13., articleTitle=2022年国际空间站科研与应用进展, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334953677938803, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=353, issue=6304, pageStart=1105, pageEnd=1106, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[117], rfOrder=116, authorNames=Singer D S, Jacks T, Jaffee E, journalName=Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Singer D S, Jacks T, Jaffee E. A US "Cancer Moonshot" to accelerate cancer research[J]. Science, 2016, 353(6304): 1105-1106., articleTitle=A US "Cancer Moonshot" to accelerate cancer research, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334953749241972, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=14, issue=4, pageStart=552, pageEnd=554, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[118], rfOrder=117, authorNames=Young C G, Carnival D M, journalName=Cancer Discovery, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Young C G, Carnival D M. The Biden cancer moonshot: American progress, global commitment[J]. Cancer Discovery, 2024, 14(4): 552-554., articleTitle=The Biden cancer moonshot: American progress, global commitment, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334953812156533, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=57, issue=1, pageStart=5, pageEnd=15, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[119], rfOrder=118, authorNames=Kreuzer M, Auvinen A, Cardis E, journalName=Radiation and Environmental Biophysics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Kreuzer M, Auvinen A, Cardis E, et al. Multidisciplinary European Low Dose Initiative (MELODI): Strategic research agenda for low dose radiation risk research[J]. Radiation and Environmental Biophysics, 2018, 57(1): 5-15., articleTitle=Multidisciplinary European Low Dose Initiative (MELODI): Strategic research agenda for low dose radiation risk research, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334953883459702, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=95, issue=10, pageStart=1361, pageEnd=1371, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[120], rfOrder=119, authorNames=Wang Y, Bannister L A, Sebastian S, journalName=International Journal of Radiation Biology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang Y, Bannister L A, Sebastian S, et al. Low−dose radiobiology program at Canadian nuclear laboratories: Past, present, and future[J]. International Journal of Radiation Biology, 2019, 95(10): 1361-1371., articleTitle=Low−dose radiobiology program at Canadian nuclear laboratories: Past, present, and future, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1273334953971540087, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=94, issue=5, pageStart=423, pageEnd=433, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[121], rfOrder=120, authorNames=Braga−Tanaka 3rd, Tanaka S, Kohda A, journalName=International Journal of Radiation Biology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Braga−Tanaka 3rd, Tanaka S, Kohda A, et al. Experimental studies on the biological effects of chronic low dose−rate radiation exposure in mice: Overview of the studies at the Institute for Environmental Sciences[J]. International Journal of Radiation Biology, 2018, 94(5): 423-433., articleTitle=Experimental studies on the biological effects of chronic low dose−rate radiation exposure in mice: Overview of the studies at the Institute for Environmental Sciences, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1273334945834591229, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, awardId=2022YFA1104300, language=CN, fundingSource=国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFA1104300), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1273334945889117182, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, awardId=82192883, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金重大项目(82192883), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1273334945952031743, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, awardId=BZ2023008, language=CN, fundingSource=江苏省科技计划项目−创新支撑计划国际科技合作/港澳台科技合作“一带一路”创新合作项目(BZ2023008), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1273334940839175120, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1273334940847563729, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, companyId=1273334940839175120, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Key Laboratory of Radiation Damage and Countermeasures of Jiangsu Provincial Universities and Colleges, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1273334940855952338, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, companyId=1273334940839175120, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1苏州大学苏州医学院放射医学与防护学院,放射医学与辐射防护国家重点实验室,辐射损伤与救治江苏省高校重点实验室,江苏省高校放射医学协同创新中心,苏州 215123)]), AuthorCompany(id=1273334940914672595, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1273334940927255508, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, companyId=1273334940914672595, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Technology and Engineering Center for Space Utilization, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1273334940935644117, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, companyId=1273334940914672595, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2中国科学院空间应用工程与技术中心,北京 100094)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1273334944941204471, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=cBJAogS1FB2Ukx+thT2Amw==, figureFileBig=GFzKen7/egZPRkXxeh9MbA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1273334945226417144, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, language=CN, label=图1, caption=空间肿瘤学研究范畴示意, figureFileSmall=cBJAogS1FB2Ukx+thT2Amw==, figureFileBig=GFzKen7/egZPRkXxeh9MbA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1273334945381606393, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=5LdZIkOTwDxjZ90YE03jBw==, figureFileBig=3bY0hIjkEeRmtUz+TPialg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1273334945603904506, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, language=CN, label=图2, caption=空间肿瘤学发展路径, figureFileSmall=5LdZIkOTwDxjZ90YE03jBw==, figureFileBig=3bY0hIjkEeRmtUz+TPialg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1273334945679401979, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
国家/机构部门/单位研究计划时间预算规模
美国美国能源部
NASA等
低剂量辐射研究计划
“癌症登月计划”
1998—2016年
2016—2030年
2800万美元
25亿美元
欧盟欧洲原子能共同体多学科低剂量倡议
“太空肿瘤计划”
2010—2020年
2018年—
3000万美元
未公开
加拿大加拿大核实验室低剂量辐射研究1948年—700万美元/年
俄罗斯俄罗斯国家航天集团太空辐射生物学与防护研究1973年—未公开
日本日本国立环境研究所空间辐射与肿瘤生物学研究1990年—未公开
), ArticleFig(id=1273334945738122236, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1273334939484414918, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

空间肿瘤相关研究计划

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
国家/机构部门/单位研究计划时间预算规模
美国美国能源部
NASA等
低剂量辐射研究计划
“癌症登月计划”
1998—2016年
2016—2030年
2800万美元
25亿美元
欧盟欧洲原子能共同体多学科低剂量倡议
“太空肿瘤计划”
2010—2020年
2018年—
3000万美元
未公开
加拿大加拿大核实验室低剂量辐射研究1948年—700万美元/年
俄罗斯俄罗斯国家航天集团太空辐射生物学与防护研究1973年—未公开
日本日本国立环境研究所空间辐射与肿瘤生物学研究1990年—未公开
)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1125356956822126595, delFlag=0, nameCn=科技导报, nameEn=Science & Technology Review, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=1000-7857, eissn=, cn=11-1421/N, coden=null, periodic=3, language=CN, oaType=0, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=aEuqdCNQUjPEKa3rm5A/8Q==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=Sci Technol Rev, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=null, updatedTime=1754267492363, createdBy=null, updatedBy=13701087609, firstLetterCn=S, firstLetterEn=S, subjectCode=Natural Sciences, subjectName=自然科学, subjectCodeEn=Natural Sciences, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=aEuqdCNQUjPEKa3rm5A/8Q==, picEn=4AIQ9/oc3H8lvjeELJ6WWw==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1159045127382855686, language=CN, name=科技导报, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=中国科学技术协会, sponsoredBy=中国科学技术协会, publishedBy=科技导报社, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=http://www.kjdb.org/CN/home, createdTime=1754267492385, updatedTime=1754267492385, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=http://www.kjdb.org/CN/column/column7.shtml, submissionAuthorUrl=https://kjdbauthor.cast.org.cn/webm, submissionEditorUrl=https://kjdbeditor.cast.org.cn/webm/, submissionReviewUrl=https://kjdbauthor.cast.org.cn/webm, submissionCeEditorUrl=https://kjdbeditor.cast.org.cn/webm/, submissionAeEditorUrl=https://kjdbeditor.cast.org.cn/webm/, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1159045127433187335, language=EN, name=Science & Technology Review, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=http://www.kjdb.org/EN/home, createdTime=1754267492398, updatedTime=1754267492398, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=http://www.kjdb.org/EN/column/column7.shtml, submissionAuthorUrl=https://kjdbauthor.manuscriptcloud.com/login, submissionEditorUrl=https://kjdbeditor.manuscriptcloud.com/login, submissionReviewUrl=https://kjdbauthor.manuscriptcloud.com/login, submissionCeEditorUrl=https://kjdbeditor.manuscriptcloud.com/login, submissionAeEditorUrl=https://kjdbeditor.manuscriptcloud.com/login, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1146031591421210625, websiteList=[Website(id=1146104741081231361, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1146031591421210625, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN, language=CN, createTime=1751182263881, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1751778001962, updateBy=18614031015, name=科技导报, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=科技导报, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1148021146403992296, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1146104741081231361, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1751639170504, updateTime=1751639170504, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1148021146378826469, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1146104741081231361, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1751639170498, updateTime=1751639170498, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1148021146366243556, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1146104741081231361, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/file/pic?fileId=9GHSf7eGlIPH0Tv/OOdstA==, createTime=1751639170495, updateTime=1751639170495, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1148021146395603687, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1146104741081231361, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/file/pic, createTime=1751639170502, updateTime=1751639170502, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1148021146387215078, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1146104741081231361, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1751639170500, updateTime=1751639170500, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1146105254833139715, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1146031591421210625, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/EN, language=EN, createTime=1751182386363, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1753500121937, updateBy=18614031015, name=科技导报, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=Science & Technology Review, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1155838567709528217, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1146105254833139715, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1753502988984, updateTime=1753502988984, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1155838567692750998, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1146105254833139715, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1753502988980, updateTime=1753502988980, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1155838567688556693, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1146105254833139715, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/EN/file/pic?fileId=9GHSf7eGlIPH0Tv/OOdstA==, createTime=1753502988979, updateTime=1753502988979, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1155838567705333912, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1146105254833139715, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/EN/file/pic, createTime=1753502988983, updateTime=1753502988983, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1155838567701139607, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1146105254833139715, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_en_623/, createTime=1753502988982, updateTime=1753502988982, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=科技导报, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=null, iacademicId=null, status=0, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=Science & Technology Review, journalPhotoCn=aEuqdCNQUjPEKa3rm5A/8Q==, journalPhotoEn=4AIQ9/oc3H8lvjeELJ6WWw==, journalFirstLetter=S, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=1, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=0.91, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=null, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2025.11.00069, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/EN/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2025.11.00069, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/PDF/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2025.11.00069, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/EN/PDF/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2025.11.00069, aliStartDate=null, aliEndDate=null, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
中国空间肿瘤学研究的机遇与挑战
收藏切换
PDF下载
胡文涛 1 , 裴炜炜 1 , 韩培 2, * , 周光明 1, *
科技导报 | 特色专题 2026,44(10): 56-71
收起
收藏切换
科技导报 | 特色专题 2026, 44(10): 56-71
中国空间肿瘤学研究的机遇与挑战
全屏
胡文涛1 , 裴炜炜1, 韩培2, * , 周光明1, *
作者信息
  • 1苏州大学苏州医学院放射医学与防护学院,放射医学与辐射防护国家重点实验室,辐射损伤与救治江苏省高校重点实验室,江苏省高校放射医学协同创新中心,苏州 215123
  • 2中国科学院空间应用工程与技术中心,北京 100094
  • 胡文涛,副教授,研究方向为辐射生物学,电子信箱:

通讯作者:

韩培(通信作者),高级工程师,研究方向为空间生命科学与生物技术,电子信箱:;
周光明(共同通信作者),教授,研究方向为辐射生物学,电子信箱:
Opportunities and challenges in Chinese space oncology
Wentao HU1 , Weiwei PEI1, Pei HAN2, * , Guangming ZHOU1, *
Affiliations
  • 1State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Key Laboratory of Radiation Damage and Countermeasures of Jiangsu Provincial Universities and Colleges, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
  • 2Technology and Engineering Center for Space Utilization, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China
出版时间: 2026-05-28 doi: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2025.11.00069
文章导航
收藏切换

空间肿瘤学是利用空间特殊环境开展肿瘤发生、演进、诊断和治疗等相关基础和应用基础研究的一门新兴学科。概述了空间肿瘤学的研究背景与科学意义,梳理了国内外相关研究计划与进展,重点阐述了空间辐射环境下正常细胞癌变和癌细胞死亡2大方向的机制研究现状,包括DNA损伤修复、非编码RNA调控、细胞骨架动力学、线粒体互作及微环境重塑等。当前该领域面临的关键科学问题包括空间复杂辐射环境下癌症发生的量效关系不明确、抑癌分子机制待验证、个体辐射敏感性差异不清等。中国已建成空间站和地基模拟平台,形成平台与研究网络优势。建议重点围绕5大科学问题(量效关系、致癌机制、个体差异、癌细胞应激、微环境调控),分短期(建数据库与协作网)、中期(拓癌种与促转化)、长期(建理论体系与保深空健康)3个阶段系统推进,构建完整的空间肿瘤研究理论体系,为人类生命健康保障与癌症防、诊、治提供新策略。

载人航天  /  空间肿瘤学  /  空间辐射环境  /  微重力  /  癌症发生  /  肿瘤放疗

Space oncology is an emerging discipline that leverages the unique space environment—including high-Z and high-energy (HZE) particle radiation, microgravity, and their combined effects—to investigate the fundamental and translational aspects of cancer initiation, progression, diagnosis, and therapy. This review presents the research background and scientific significance of space oncology and systematically summarizes major domestic and international research initiatives and recent progress. Special emphasis is placed on two core directions: carcinogenesis of normal cells and proliferation inhibition/death of cancer cells under space radiation conditions. The underlying mechanisms are discussed, including DNA damage repair, non-coding RNA regulation, cytoskeletal dynamics, organelle crosstalk (e.g., mitochondria), and microenvironment remodeling. Key scientific challenges currently facing the field include the unclear dose-response relationship between cancer risk and the different qualities of space radiation, unvalidated molecular mechanisms of tumor suppression, and poorly understood differences in individual radiosensitivity. With the completion of the China Space Station and the establishment of ground-based simulation platforms, China has unique infrastructure and collaborative network advantages. To advance the field, five major scientific questions should be systematically addressed: dose-response relationships, carcinogenic mechanisms, individual susceptibility, stress response and death of cancer cells, and tumor microenvironment regulation. A three-phase roadmap is proposed: short-term to build databases and collaborative networks, medium-term to expand cancer types and promote clinical translation, and long-term to establish a theoretical framework and support deep-space health. The ultimate goal is to develop a comprehensive theoretical system for space oncology, thereby providing novel strategies for human health protection and for cancer prevention, diagnosis, and treatment on Earth.

manned space exploration  /  space oncology  /  space radiation environment  /  microgravity  /  carcinogenesis  /  tumor radiotherapy
胡文涛, 裴炜炜, 韩培, 周光明. 中国空间肿瘤学研究的机遇与挑战. 科技导报, 2026 , 44 (10) : 56 -71 . DOI: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2025.11.00069
Wentao HU, Weiwei PEI, Pei HAN, Guangming ZHOU. Opportunities and challenges in Chinese space oncology[J]. Science & Technology Review, 2026 , 44 (10) : 56 -71 . DOI: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2025.11.00069
空间肿瘤学是一门新兴交叉学科,主要利用空间辐射环境开展肿瘤发生、演进和治疗等基础和应用基础研究,它与空间探索活动的发展密切相关。中国空间站的建成及载人登月工程等深空探索任务的实施为中国空间肿瘤研究提供了前所未有的平台和机遇:一方面研究机体在空间辐射环境下癌症发生发展的效应和机理,开发风险评估系统和辐射防护措施,为中国载人航天工程向深空长周期探索推进提供人类生命健康的保障;另一方面,研究癌细胞在空间辐射环境下存活、增殖、代谢、分化、衰老等效应和机理,开发肿瘤防治新措施,也可为《“健康中国2030”规划纲要》[12]的贯彻落实进行支撑。
癌症是人类生命健康的主要威胁之一。根据国际癌症研究机构(International Agency for Research on Cancer,IARC)的报道,2022年全球新增癌症病例约2000万,死亡人数达970万[3]。全世界总体肿瘤发生率较10年前有所下降,死亡率也呈现下降趋势[4];然而,中国的肿瘤发生率仍然在增加。根据中国国家癌症中心发布的数据,2022年中国新增癌症患者482.47万,死亡患者257.42万,分别占全球的23.6%和30%;发病率排名前5的癌症依次为肺癌、结直肠癌、甲状腺癌、肝癌和胃癌,总占比达57.42%;其中,肺癌新发病例106.06万,死亡73.33万,均居中国首位,是中国恶性癌症中的头号杀手[56]。尽管免疫治疗、靶向治疗等新兴技术不断涌现,但癌症的治愈率仍然有限,肿瘤异质性、耐药性及治疗副作用等问题仍未突破,以肺癌为例,目前全球肺癌患者的5年生存率仍然只有15%~20%[7];显然,对癌症的了解还远远不够。系统、深入地研究癌症发生发展的分子机制,才能发现新的诊疗靶点,助力防、诊、治新措施的开发,为攻克癌症奠定理论基础。
电离辐射是已知的物理致癌因子。对广岛、长崎原子弹爆炸幸存者的调查结果显示,癌症发生风险与辐照剂量相关,对于女性而言,剂量效应关系呈正相关性[819];单次急性照射对肺癌[20]、结直肠癌[19]、乳腺癌[8]、卵巢癌[21]和肝癌[17]的诱导与剂量呈正相关。另外,辐射从业人员[2224]、切尔诺贝利核事故[25]、医疗照射[26]等的流行病学数据也都一致地显示,辐射致癌风险与辐照剂量等物理特性相关。唾液腺癌、食管癌、胃癌、结肠癌、肝癌、肺癌、骨和结缔组织癌、非黑色素瘤皮肤癌、乳腺癌、膀胱癌、脑和中枢神经系统癌、甲状腺癌、除慢性淋巴细胞白血病(chronic lymphocytic leukemia,CLL)、卵巢癌等14种癌症的发生与辐射呈正相关关系;每100 mGy辐射所导致的额外实体癌死亡人数估计值为57~75人[27]。国际放射防护委员会(International Commission on Radiological Protection,ICRP)[2829]的报告也都分别强调了辐射致癌效应的存在。用电离辐射作为物理刺激因子来造模,研究癌症发生发展的分子机制是可行的[30]。空间辐射环境与地面环境辐射、核技术应用相关的辐射条件迥然不同。空间辐射环境具有能量高、剂量率低、富含高原子序数高能粒子(high Z and high−energy particle,HZE粒子)、混合辐射、与微重力等其他空间环境因素耦合[31]等特点。执行过空间任务的航天员癌症发生率高于地面对照人群[32]。未来登月和火星探索等长周期深空探索任务所面临的空间辐射更强、累积剂量更大[33],癌症发生风险可能更高[3440];但是到目前为止,由于在空间真实辐射环境中开展生物学研究的条件和机会限制,对空间辐射环境诱发癌症的分子机制研究十分有限,还只能根据地基模拟实验研究和有限的空间搭载实验结果推测。有限的研究结果显示,空间辐射环境的致癌效应和分子机制很有可能与地面不同,基于中国空间站等天基平台,在空间真实辐射环境下开展空间辐射生物学研究,有助于发现新现象、新规律和新机制。
辐射是一把“双刃剑”:一方面辐射可能导致癌症发生,另一方面辐射可以有效杀灭癌细胞。放射治疗具有悠久的历史,1896年,伦琴发现X射线的第2年,辐射就被用于肿瘤的治疗[41]。作为癌症3大常规疗法之一,放射治疗技术不断发展和完善,出现了图像引导放射治疗(image−guided radiation therapy,IGRT)[42]、调强放射治疗(intensity−modulated radiation therapy,IMRT)[43]、超分割放射治疗(hyperfractionated radiation therapy,HFRT)[44]等技术改进,以及质子重离子放射治疗[45]、超高剂量率放疗[46]、网格治疗[47]、硼中子俘获治疗[48]等新方法,安全性和有效性都不断提高。目前,50%的肿瘤患者需要接受放射治疗[49],欧美国家比例更高,高达65%~80%的肿瘤患者需要接受放射治疗[50]。据统计,1997年肿瘤的5年生存率约45%,放疗贡献18%[51];2017年肿瘤的5年生存率提高到67%,放疗贡献达到了40%[52]。最新研究发现,空间辐射环境可以特异性抑制癌细胞增殖、诱导癌细胞凋亡,甚至逆转上皮细胞间质转化(epithelial to mesenchymal transition,EMT),而对正常细胞的损伤远低于传统放化疗[5354]。空间辐射环境中癌细胞的行为与地面不同,为揭示癌细胞增殖的特性和机制、开发新型肿瘤治疗手段提供了新的视角。
空间肿瘤研究的核心价值正在于整合这2大方向(图1):通过研究空间辐射如何诱导正常细胞癌变,揭示空间辐射致癌效应的新机制并发现早期诊断标志物,拓展人类对癌症发生发展的认知,有望获得新的癌症诊疗靶点、启发新的癌症防治措施;同时,探索空间辐射环境如何调控癌细胞的生物学行为,为低分化小细胞肺癌等难治性肿瘤提供新的治疗靶点,为改善地球上的癌症诊断和治疗带来变革,这种“从风险到机遇”的转化研究,不仅关乎人类在太空中的生命健康保障,更有望突破地面肿瘤治疗的瓶颈,从而为癌症的诊治提供了新的思路[55]
空间肿瘤相关研究早有报道,近年来显著增多。Niknam等[56]系统调研了2024年2月之前的空间肿瘤研究进展,158篇实验研究方面的文章中以美国、德国、中国、日本的研究为主;74%以细胞为实验模型;相对而言,乳腺癌、甲状腺癌、肺癌、血癌和胃肠道肿瘤的研究最多;微重力环境下肿瘤干细胞发生分化、干性降低,调节性T细胞(Treg)数量下降、增殖减少,癌细胞增殖减少、侵袭转移能力下降、细胞凋亡;辐射则具有肿瘤抑制和细胞突变双重效应;辐射与微重力同时作用可能具有叠加或协同的效应,而且辐射占主导地位。
2014年,Weil等[37]报道了不同种类的重离子全身辐照小鼠诱导肝癌发生的研究结果,用大量的小鼠得出非常有说服力的结论:质子诱导的肝癌发生率与X射线相同,但其他HZE粒子的致癌效应显著高于质子和X射线。McConnell等[5759]也证实,HZE粒子比X射线、γ射线等更易导致肺等器官组织癌变。低剂量率辐照,特别是低剂量率的粒子辐照由于受到设备的限制,目前相关研究还十分有限。Li等[60]采用α放射源(平均剂量率6.67 mSv/d)处理体外培养的人肺上皮细胞系,分别照射0.2 Gy(30 d)、0.4 Gy(60 d)和0.5 Gy(75 d),然后传代模拟实体瘤潜伏期,并于不同时间取样用于肿瘤演化进程研究,将传代培养150 d的细胞接种于NOD/SCID小鼠皮下,4个月后解剖并结合病理学分析发现,与人们的常识不同,长期低剂量率α粒子辐照诱导的肿瘤发生率与等剂量急性辐照一致,但肿瘤的恶性程度更高。
外太空是一个由不同HZE粒子组成的混合辐射辐照场。Zhou等[61]利用美国国家航空航天局(National Aeronautics and Space Administration,NASA)空间辐射实验室(NASA Space Radiation Laboratory,NSRL)的加速器可进行不同粒子的快速切换,研究了不同时间间隔的高能质子和铁离子辐照导致细胞的转化效应,发现2种HZE粒子混合辐照的时间间隔低于1 h时存在协同效应,这一发现在其他团队的后续研究中得到了验证[62]。低剂量预先辐照往往诱导适应性反应(低剂量兴奋效应),降低后续大剂量辐照的生物效应[63]。Takahashi等[64]发现,空间低剂量辐射诱导适应性反应与p53状态有关,p53野生型细胞在不超过0.05 Gy的预照射可以诱导辐射抗性,降低细胞凋亡和染色体畸变;p53突变型细胞中则观察不到适应性反应。
与辐射一样,微重力也是空间环境因素,与辐射耦合,不可分割,这也是与地面辐射环境迥然不同之处。辐射效应与微重力效应是拮抗、叠加还是协同一直存在争议。不过,随着实验研究结果不断丰富,越来越多的证据表明,辐射与微重力存在协同效应[6466]。模拟微重力和辐射导致人宫颈癌细胞系CaSki基因表达谱、癌变、细胞增殖、细胞形态、体内体外成瘤率的改变[67]。Yamanouchi等[68]发现,同时暴露于微重力和辐射时,简单型和复杂型染色体畸变均显著高于单纯的辐射。Ding等[69]发现在模拟微重力环境中,辐射虽然会加剧靶细胞的基因组不稳定性和恶性转化率,但低剂量辐射(X射线<0.1 Gy、碳离子<0.3 Gy)下微重力会减少旁观者细胞损伤和恶性转化。徐颖[70]则发现模拟空间辐射与微重力通过调控细胞内钙离子浓度驱动β−arrestin−1(ARRB1)发生核转位,最终诱导细胞恶性转化与肿瘤发生,这一发现为理解太空环境中的癌变机制提供了新的理论依据。近期,中国科学家利用中国空间站首次完成了小鼠植入前胚胎在轨发育研究,发现空间环境(包含空间辐射与微重力)并不影响2−细胞胚胎发育到囊胚的潜力[71],但囊胚的形成率及囊胚质量均有所下降。此外,太空发育胚胎的细胞中存在严重的DNA损伤,同时其基因组整体呈现低甲基化状态,并伴有独特的差异甲基化区域。这些发现为评估空间辐射对生殖细胞及早期胚胎的致癌与致畸风险提供了重要的基础数据。
空间辐射致癌效应研究的报道虽然越来越多,但是仍然十分有限,特别是肿瘤发生风险与辐射品质的量效关系数据不足、肿瘤发生发展的演进过程所知有限,严重制约空间辐射致癌风险评估的可靠性。
经典靶学说认为,DNA是电离辐射的关键靶。DNA损伤与肿瘤发生存在相关性[72],尤其是DNA双链断裂(DNA double−strand break,DSB)与细胞死亡、基因突变等密切相关[7374]。DSB修复能力与细胞辐射敏感性密切相关,不可修复的DSB越多,细胞的死亡率越高;DSB修复的准确性越低,基因突变率越高,癌变的可能性大;相对于X射线和γ射线等低传能线密度(linear energy transfer,LET)辐射,重离子诱导的DNA损伤复杂[7576],各类损伤在空间上多有重叠,形成团簇损伤[77],使得DNA损伤修复的准确性低,导致基因突变率高、肿瘤风险增加。癌细胞的DNA损伤修复相关基因发生变异或基因组不稳定,往往导致的DNA损伤修复系统不完善,因而对辐射,尤其是对HZE粒子辐射相对敏感,在空间辐射环境下很可能更容易发生不可修复的DSB而死亡,空间辐射环境下正常细胞和癌细胞DNA损伤的诱导与修复还有待开展系统的对比研究。另外,微重力对DNA辐射损伤的诱导与修复的影响一直存在争议。早期研究有报道认为,微重力不影响DNA辐射损伤的修复[78];但越来越多的实验研究认为,微重力环境导致辐射引起的DNA损伤修复显著降低[7980],DNA损伤发生累积[65],加剧基因组不稳定性和基因突变的发生[81]。活细胞中染色质结构随着细胞的活动和对外部刺激的响应呈现不同的结构和状态,即染色质可及性改变。当细胞受到辐照后,染色质发生重塑[82],使DNA在物理上变得更容易接近,不仅可能影响辐射造成的原初DNA损伤,而且可能影响参与DNA损伤修复因子的招募[83],导致DNA损伤修复效率降低。空间辐射环境中,一方面HZE粒子诱导DNA团簇损伤,另一方面微重力环境重塑染色质可及性,复合作用增加DNA辐射损伤的易感性和复杂程度,从而提升肿瘤发生的风险。
非编码RNA(non−coding RNA, ncRNA)一般不具备编码蛋白的功能,但其功能却很重要,如长链非编码RNA(long non−coding RNA, lncRNA)参与X染色体沉默、基因组印记、染色质修饰、转录激活、转录干扰、核内运输、细胞分化等多种重要的调控过程。虽然ncRNA相关的研究进展迅速、不少microRNA、lncRNA均与肿瘤的发生发展密切相关[8485],但是绝大部分lncRNA的功能仍不清楚。Li等[86]发现,HZE粒子辐照后,肺上皮细胞中miR−1246、miR−1290、miR−23a、miR−205等与肺非小细胞癌相关的microRNA的表达量提高了4倍。Fu等[66]发现,模拟微重力环境诱导14种lncRNA的表达改变而辐射诱导55种lncRNA的表达改变,辐照后进行模拟微重力环境的培养后70种lncRNA的表达发生改变。苏州大学放射医学与辐射防护学院和中国科学院近代物理研究所从辐照后的HeLa细胞中鉴定了对电离辐射特异响应的10余种microRNA[87]和20种lncRNA[88]。其中,lncCRYBG3的表达与辐照剂量呈正相关,而且重离子辐照的诱导表达量远高于等剂量的X射线,过表达lncCRYBG3所引起的生物效应与其表达量密切相关,表达量过高,导致细胞死亡;但表达量升高不超过10倍时,则通过同时直接与靶蛋白eEF1A1[89]、LDHA[90]、G−actin[91]等结合,调控基因表达、能量代谢、胞质分裂等多个细胞过程,最终导致细胞癌变。lncCRYBG3的过表达还可以导致lncRNA表达谱的变化,其中癌基因AFAP1−AS1的表达升高;随后发现,AFAP1−AS1可以翻译一条多肽ATMLP,该多肽定位在线粒体上,阻断线粒体Nipsnap的膜外翻转,从而抑制线粒体自噬,使得自噬无法完成,促进细胞的癌变[92]
微丝骨架参与众多生物学过程,包括细胞形态维持、物质运输、细胞运动、力学感受、信号传递、细胞分裂等,一旦受到电离辐射等外界因素的作用,其动力学过程受到干扰,对细胞的影响是多方面的。微丝骨架在细胞中无处不在,所以与DNA一样,可以被电离辐射直接损伤,也可以遭受活性氧(reactive oxygen species, ROS)等间接攻击;此外,微丝骨架还参与细胞命运的决定,其组装/解聚的动态平衡一旦被打破,细胞迁移、分裂等过程都会受到影响,甚至导致细胞死亡;微丝骨架也是力学感受器,在微重力环境下,染色质可及性变化、细胞器分布、信号传输等均可能由微丝骨架传导的力学信号转导发生变化。实验结果表明,不管是碳离子还是铁离子,都能诱导lncRNA、lncCRYBG3表达水平的显著上调,而lncCRYBG3可直接和G−actin相互作用,抑制微丝骨架的组装[91];而微丝骨架参与细胞核骨架和染色质骨架的形成,微丝骨架的破坏也有可能导致染色质可及性改变,从而影响基因表达。细胞微丝骨架是重要的力学感受器[93],微重力环境改变微丝骨架结构[94],从而影响电离辐射的生物效应[95]。因此,微丝骨架很可能在空间辐射环境诱导的肿瘤发生方面也发挥重要的调控作用。
线粒体是一个多功能细胞器,不仅是细胞内物质氧化、释放能量的场所;与内质网、细胞外基质等协同作用,调控细胞中钙离子的动态平衡;还与内源性ROS的产生、细胞凋亡、衰老等过程密切相关。线粒体常常与脂质液滴等细胞器形成独特的亚细胞结构,支持肿瘤细胞代谢和线粒体活性。长时间空间探索任务可导致线粒体损伤[96]。2020年NASA在《Cell》及其子刊上发表了30余篇科学论文,系列报道了空间生物学研究和航天员健康研究的数据,发现线粒体在空间极端环境的生物效应方面发挥关键的调控作用[97]。2024年NASA在《Nature》及其子刊发表了关于太空飞行影响人体生物学的空间组学和医学图谱(space omics and medical atlas,SOMA)系列论文[98],进一步明确了线粒体对于空间飞行的应激调控作用[99100]。2023年,《Nature》报道,线粒体的空间分布与肺癌细胞的能量供给密切相关,但非小细胞肺癌2种亚型——腺癌和鳞状细胞癌的线粒体网络亚群存在差异[101]。由AFAP1−AS1编码、定位于线粒体的多肽(ATMLP)对线粒体自噬和肿瘤发生中的调控作用[92],以及lncCRYBG3同时作用于G−actin[91]、LDHA[90]、eEF1A1[89]等多个蛋白,由此推测,线粒体和染色质、微丝骨架等其他细胞器存在联动,共同调控细胞对空间辐射环境的应激响应,导致基因组不稳定性,继而不断演化、转化乃至癌变。在辐射致胚胎损伤的氧化应激机制方面,Ma等[102]最新研究发现,采用NADPH氧化酶/抗氧化双靶向干预策略,可显著减轻辐射诱导的小鼠胚胎发育缺陷。这提示,通过调控NOX−ROS−线粒体轴,可能为降低空间辐射诱导的发育损伤提供新的防护靶点。
空间辐射环境可通过“癌细胞−免疫细胞−血管内皮细胞”交叉调控,重塑肿瘤微环境,强化抑癌效应。在免疫调节层面,模拟微重力下肺癌细胞分泌的IL−6、IL−8减少30%,可抑制巨噬细胞向M2型(促肿瘤表型)极化,同时降低免疫抑制因子表达,增强抗肿瘤免疫应答[103]。NASA报道,空间辐射环境下免疫细胞功能受微重力影响显著,T细胞活化标志物CD25表达下调,但癌细胞免疫原性升高,形成“免疫抑制减弱−癌细胞易感性增强”的协同效应[104]。中国人民解放军空军军医大学研究团队证实,模拟微重力培养24 h可显著增强人脐静脉内皮细胞管形成和细胞迁移能力,且PI3K−Akt−eNOS通路在此过程中扮演重要角色[105]。NASA通过国际空间站(International Space Station,ISS)搭载实验发现,甲状腺癌细胞在空间微重力下外泌体分泌量增加30%,且外泌体中miR−146a表达显著升高,该microRNA可靶向抑制细胞NF−κB通路,进一步放大抑癌效应[106],提示“空间外泌体”可作为新型免疫治疗载体,为地面难治性肿瘤治疗提供新工具。由此推测,空间辐射环境同样会引起正常细胞、正常干细胞、肿瘤干细胞等所处微环境的变化,从而影响其效应,但有必要开展系统深入的实验研究进一步阐明。
上述DNA损伤修复、非编码RNA调控等机制并非独立作用,而是通过“染色质−细胞器−微环境”的多级联动,共同调控空间辐射下细胞的癌变与死亡过程,其具体协同路径需进一步通过在轨实验验证。
国外空间肿瘤研究已形成以欧美为主导、多机构协作、“地面模拟−空间验证−成果转化”为核心链条的研究格局。在早期低剂量辐射研究计划的基础上,涌现出以欧洲航天局(European Space Agency,ESA)的“太空肿瘤计划”、NASA的“癌症登月计划”(Cancer Moonshot Initiative)等为代表的研究专项(表1)。
俄罗斯(包括苏联时期)虽未设置独立的“太空肿瘤计划”,但其庞大的太空生物医学研究体系,尤其是辐射生物学研究,其核心目标之一就是解决包括肿瘤在内的辐射健康风险,其研究成果直接应用于肿瘤学。从首批载人航天任务开始,苏联科学家就意识到太空辐射是长期载人航天的最大威胁之一,其研究从一开始就带有明确的转化医学色彩,即一方面保障航天员健康,另一方面将研究成果用于地面医学。20世纪70年代开始,通过Bion系列生物实验卫星[107]和“礼炮”号、“和平号”空间站上的长期实验[108],苏联空间科学家对哺乳动物和细胞在长期太空飞行中的生理变化,特别是辐射生物学效应[109],进行了系统性的数据积累。延续至今,俄罗斯继承并延续了这一研究传统,在国际空间站俄罗斯舱段持续进行相关实验。在其国家航天集团和生物医学研究所的研究规划中,“太空辐射的生物学效应与防护”始终是核心课题,其成果自然服务于肿瘤学研究[110]。该研究体系由国家航天集团和俄罗斯科学院领导,核心研究机构包括科学院生物医学问题研究所、谢尔诺夫莫斯科国立医学大学以及杜布纳联合原子核研究所等,重点研究方向包括空间辐射生物学[111]、微重力及肿瘤生物学[112]以及辐射防护技术开发[113]。研究特点是目标驱动、体系化、长期连续,在辐射生物学领域积累了世界领先的、极具价值的科学数据和实践经验。
1998年,美国能源部(Department of Energy,DOE)启动了低剂量辐射研究计划(Low Dose Radiation Research Program),支持低剂量(<100 mGy)和低剂量率(<10 mGy/h)辐射的生物效应研究,包括非靶效应、适应性反应及其分子通路等,其资助力度曾一度高达2800万美元,激发了世界范围内低剂量辐射研究的热潮[114]。NASA依托布鲁克海文国家实验室的加速器建成NSRL,支持美国和合作机构开展空间辐射地面仿真模拟实验,入选低剂量辐射研究计划或ISS搭载实验的项目均可免费获得依托NSRL开展空间辐射研究的机时。这些平台、措施和经费支持有力促进了美国和欧美国家的空间辐射生物学研究,包括空间肿瘤研究。NASA支持开发了世界上第一个空间辐射致癌风险评估系统,并以此为基础制定了空间剂量安全阈值的设定原则,空间辐射致癌效应和机理研究方面也取得了不少突破,使得美国在空间肿瘤研究方面处于领先地位。该计划于2016年到期,目前科学家对于低剂量辐射健康风险的担忧仍然存在,或者认为低剂量辐射风险被高估,在努力争取这一计划的重启,但还没有成功[115]。但是基于NSRL和ISS一直在进行,2020年10月至2023年3月,ISS开展的763项实验中153项与空间辐射相关[116]。2016年1月,时任美国总统奥巴马在其国情咨文中首次提出“癌症登月计划”,2022年,拜登政府正式重启,该计划旨在协调联邦政府、私营部门、科研机构和非营利组织的力量,在未来25年内将癌症死亡率降低至少50%,并显著改善癌症患者和幸存者的生活体验。奥巴马政府为第1年的启动投入了10亿美元,2022年重启后,拜登签署了《2022年抗癌登月计划法案》,在未来7年内为美国国家癌症研究所授权15亿美元资金,用于相关研究和项目[117118]。NASA依托该计划,将太空肿瘤治疗纳入人类研究计划(Human Research Program)的“空间辐射单元”(Space Radiation Element),组建由25名跨机构科学家(涵盖NASA中心、高校、企业及政府机构)构成的团队,聚焦“航天员健康保障与地面癌症防治”双重目标,重点研究包括3方面:一是新型肿瘤筛查技术研发,针对当前早期检测方案匮乏的肿瘤类型,开发可集成至航天员健康监测系统的筛查工具,例如通过分析太空环境下肿瘤标志物的动态变化,识别肺癌、甲状腺癌等的早期“信号”;二是辐射防护与治疗药物筛选,通过整合全球药物筛查大数据,寻找能降低辐射致癌风险的药物及膳食补充剂,同时利用ISS研究空间辐射与微重力的协同效应,为优化地面放疗剂量提供依据;三是个性化治疗技术探索,借助组织芯片技术,在3D培养体系中模拟不同个体细胞对太空辐射的响应,分析遗传背景与肿瘤易感性的关联,目前该技术已用于白血病细胞研究,发现模拟微重力可增强其对柔红霉素的趋化迁移响应,为免疫治疗联合重力干预提供新思路。2021年通过SpaceX CRS−3任务研究甲状腺癌细胞外泌体分泌规律,证实空间环境下外泌体含更多促凋亡因子,为“空间来源外泌体治疗”奠定基础[106]
欧洲多学科低剂量倡议(Multidisciplinary European Low Dose Initiative,MELODI)是欧洲辐射防护研究的一项长期战略发展计划,研究低剂量辐射的健康效应[119]。由欧洲原子共同体(European Atomic Energy Community,EURATOM)辐射防护项目资助的“欧洲卓越网络DoReMi”(2010—2016年)作为建立MELODI的初始运作工具,为在欧洲可持续整合低剂量辐射风险研究的架构搭建奠定了基础;“欧洲辐射研究区域开放项目”(2013—2017年)继续开展了在欧洲建立辐射防护研究计划的工作;目前,欧洲的辐射防护研究工作是在“CONCERT欧洲联合项目共同资助行动”(2015—2020年)框架下进行的,而关于医疗低剂量辐射暴露影响的研究则是在“MEDIRAD欧盟项目”中开展的,经费为5年3000万美元。该计划目前有来自18个国家的40多位专家参与,研究方向包括肿瘤风险的剂量和剂量率依赖性、非癌效应和个体辐射敏感性[115]。ESA的“太空肿瘤计划”是当前国际空间肿瘤研究领域的标志性项目,由挪威科技大学、德国癌症研究中心、荷兰Hubrecht Organoid技术中心等机构联合推动,于2018年正式立项,其核心目标是利用空间辐射环境,揭示癌细胞调控机制并开发新型治疗策略。该计划已完成多项里程碑式研究,包括2020年通过SpaceX“龙”飞船将卵巢癌细胞送入ISS,开展为期28 d的在轨培养,证实空间辐射环境可显著抑制癌细胞增殖并诱导其代谢重编程;2022年将项目纳入中国空间站首批国际合作实验,利用3D肺癌类器官模型分析微重力与辐射对肿瘤发展的协同影响,发现类器官对化疗药物的敏感性与地面2D细胞系差异达50%,为精准用药提供新依据;2023年与北极星黎明/太空探索公司合作完成5 d科学飞行任务,进一步验证空间辐射环境对癌细胞ERK/RELA通路表达调控的核心作用。此外,该计划还突破太空3D生物打印技术,构建从单细胞到复杂的肿瘤类器官模型,模拟体内肿瘤微环境,同时推动了成果转化,如验证PD−1抑制剂在空间辐射环境中对癌细胞的有效性(已获批用于黑色素瘤、肺癌治疗),开发了“机械信号干扰疗法”以阻断肿瘤转移。
加拿大核实验室(Canadian Nuclear Laboratories,CNL,原名加拿大原子能公司)于1948年开始进行低剂量辐射的研究。该实验室拥有全国规模最大的低剂量辐射研究项目,并且拥有一个全球独一无二的动物低剂量辐射设施,该设施用于探究低剂量辐射对生物体产生的机制性影响,包括遗传、表观遗传和免疫学方面的影响,该设施还向国际合作伙伴开放使用。该实验室每年的低剂量辐射研究经费达700万美元[115]。CNL研究人员一直在探索新的研究领域,包括空间辐射的剂量测定及其对健康的潜在影响,以及低剂量辐射在肿瘤治疗和再生医学中的应用[120]
成立于1990年的日本国立环境研究所在日本文部省和青森县支持下,长期开展低剂量率(0.05、1、20 mGy/d)和中等剂量率(200和400 mGy/d)伽马射线辐射研究,包括动物全生命周期的肿瘤发生、染色体畸变和代际遗传效应等[121]。目前,日本还没有成立国家级低剂量辐射研究计划[115],但是日本宇宙航空研究开发机构(Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency,JAXA)非常活跃,依托ISS和量子科学技术研究开发机构−放射线医学综合研究所(QST−NIRS)的重离子医用加速器(heavy ion medical accelerator,HIMAC)开展空间肿瘤研究。
除欧美主导的项目外,其他国家及国际合作研究也形成重要补充。德国马格德堡大学团队通过ISS的SpaceX CRS−13任务,将甲状腺癌细胞在轨培养10 d,发现微重力通过下调ERK/RELA通路抑制细胞增殖,相关成果为地面甲状腺癌靶向治疗提供新靶点;欧洲“THESEUS计划”首次实现太空肺癌类器官培养,证实微重力下类器官结构更接近体内肿瘤,且对化疗药物敏感性差异显著,为临床药物测试提供新模型;意大利罗马大学、韩国高丽大学、阿联酋穆罕默德·本·拉希德医学与健康科学大学等机构,则通过地面模拟微重力装置与空间搭载实验结合,分别发现空间辐射环境可使肺癌干细胞丧失干性、逆转EMT、下调体液免疫相关通路等特性。这些计划通过地基仿真模拟实验和ISS、探空火箭等平台的共享协作,不仅推动了空间辐射致癌和太空环境抑癌机制的认知突破,更形成了“空间研究—地面转化”的闭环,为难治性肿瘤治疗提供了全新的路径。
中国空间辐射肿瘤学研究正处于“平台红利释放、基础研究积累、临床需求驱动”的关键发展期,依托独有的天基与地基平台优势,突破国际同类研究的局限,但同时也面临科学机制待突破、技术体系待完善、成果转化待贯通的多重挑战。
中国空间辐射肿瘤学仍面临3大未解决的关键科学问题:一是空间复杂辐射环境的量效关系不明确——空间辐射为高LET、低剂量率、混合粒子辐射,且与微重力耦合,目前真实环境下肿瘤发生的剂量效应和剂量率效应尚不明确,无法精准评估航天员长期飞行的肿瘤发生风险;二是空间辐射环境抑癌的分子机制亟待验证——地面模拟发现NF−κB、JNK、PI3K/Akt等通路参与调控,但真实空间环境中这些通路的激活模式、各细胞器之间的信号转导和联动机制尚未阐明;三是个体辐射敏感性差异的遗传基础不清——中国人群的辐射敏感基因和肿瘤易感基因图谱尚未建立,无法解释不同个体对空间辐射的响应差异,制约个性化防护策略的制定。
虽然天基实验技术与地基模拟平台不断完善,但各自的局限性不可避免,成为制约空间肿瘤研究的发展瓶颈,难以满足高精度、长周期、多维度空间生物学实验开展需求。因此,需要管理部门、科研院所、高校和医院等多方合作,一方面不断完善中国空间站辐射生物学实验机柜等天基实验平台的能力,包括搭载实验的机会和重复实验的频率,类器官等在轨长期灌流培养、实时观察、连续取样、保存装置的自动化程度和质量控制,以及离心机、辐照设备、辐射监测设备和屏蔽装置等条件的丰富程度;另一方面不断提高地基模拟实验平台的仿真度,包括HZE粒子的品质多样性和辐照机时、混合粒子辐照的各种组合、模拟微重力等空间环境因素与低剂量率HZE粒子辐射的长期耦合实验装置等。
中国空间辐射肿瘤学研究仍处于“基础研究—空间验证”的早期阶段,缺乏长期、稳定的经费支撑和团队协作,因而研究进展较慢,样本库和数据库尚未建成,科研成果显示度不足,尚未形成“空间发现—地面转化—临床应用”的完整链条,国际话语权不足。
完善的天基实验平台和地基仿真模拟实验平台相互补充、相互验证、缺一不可。2014年,中国科学院近代物理研究所依托兰州重离子加速器(heavy ion research facility in Lanzhou,HIRFL)建成中国第一个空间辐射地基模拟实验平台和第一个省部级重点实验室——甘肃省空间辐射生物学重点实验室;2024年,哈尔滨工业大学和中国航天科技集团联合建设的“十二五”国家重大科技基础设施——空间环境地面模拟装置通过验收,是中国目前最重要的地基模拟实验平台。2022年中国空间站全面建成,拥有生命科学实验柜、舱外辐射暴露装置等实验条件,满足不同生物实验模型的培养、观测、取样等需求,可为中国空间辐射肿瘤学研究提供真实的空间辐射环境,是验证基于地基模拟实验装置所取得研究结果的不可或缺的平台。
中国已经在中国空间站成功实现人永生化肺上皮细胞系BEAS−2B长达1个月的连续培养、取样和返回,为后续研究奠定了技术基础。目前,国内已规划针对不同种类肺类器官、肺腺癌、肺鳞癌、大细胞肺癌、小细胞肺癌及肺癌干细胞的在轨搭载实验,通过生物技术柜和生命生态柜的离心机模块等,精准区分空间辐射与微重力的效应,正式启动空间肿瘤在轨研究。
中国空间站的国际合作机制为国内研究提供了良好发展契机。例如将ESA的“太空肿瘤”研究纳入中国空间站首批国际合作项目,聚焦3D肺癌类器官的空间响应分析,中国团队可借此整合太空3D生物打印肿瘤模型等国际先进技术。国内放射医学、空间生命科学、系统生物学、分子生物学、粒子物理与核物理、临床医学的学科交叉已初步形成:苏州大学放射医学团队与中国科学院空间应用工程与技术中心等合作共建中国空间肿瘤研究合作网络,实现“空间实验设计—在轨技术支撑—地面数据解析”的有组织科研,为空间辐射与微重力的耦合效应等复杂科学问题的突破提供跨学科视角。
空间肿瘤研究符合国家载人航天、人口与健康等重大需求,是习近平总书记“四个面向”的最佳体现。中国已经具备开展天基实验和地基仿真模拟实验的能力,在国家自然科学基金委员会和中国载人航天工程办公室等的支持和指导下开展了多轮研讨和论证,发展思路日渐清晰,科学问题逐渐明确。现将5大科学问题以及针对这些问题所凝练出的科学假说总结如下。
科学问题1:空间辐射环境下肿瘤发生与辐射品质的量效关系。建立空间高能、低剂量率、高LET粒子辐射导致肿瘤发生的量效关系,明确微重力等其他空间环境因素对空间辐射致癌效应的影响。
假说1−1:在相同吸收剂量下,HZE粒子(如铁离子、硅离子)诱导的正常肺上皮细胞恶性转化频率显著高于质子或γ射线,且转化率与LET相关。
假说1−2:真实空间微重力环境可加剧HZE粒子诱导的基因组不稳定性,使同等剂量下的细胞转化率较地基模拟实验提高≥2倍。
关键检测指标:软琼脂克隆形成率(锚定非依赖性生长)、γH2AX/53BP1共定位焦点(反映DNA团簇损伤)、全基因组测序突变频谱、染色体畸变(Giemsa显带或mFISH)、类器官异型增生指数。
科学问题2:空间辐射环境致癌效应的发生机制。揭示空间辐射环境下肿瘤发生的分子机制,包括影响甚至决定肿瘤发生及其演进过程中的关键节点事件和信号传递网络。
假说2−1:空间HZE粒子诱导的DNA簇状损伤因修复失败而持续激活cGAS−STING通路,但慢性炎症信号反而驱动未修复细胞发生NLRP3炎性小体介导的“损伤—衰老—旁癌变”级联反应。
假说2−2:空间辐射与微重力协同上调lncRNA及其下游效应分子,通过“细胞骨架重塑—能量代谢重编程—胞质分裂异常”三轴联动促进细胞恶性转化。
关键检测指标:cGAS−STING通路蛋白磷酸化、NLRP3炎性小体活化(ASC寡聚化、Caspase−1活性)、lncRNA表达水平(qPCR/FISH)、多核细胞比例(胞质分裂失败标志)。
科学问题3:个体肿瘤易感性差异的分子机制。阐明不同个体对空间辐射环境的敏感性差异,以及这种差异的遗传背景和生理基础。
假说3−1:携带DNA修复基因(如TP53、ATMBRCA1/2、PRKDC)特定单核苷酸多态性(single nucleotide polymorphism,SNP)的个体,其正常细胞在空间辐射后发生恶性转化的风险显著高于无此类SNP者,且与DSB修复动力学延迟相关。
假说3−2:个体间抗氧化能力差异(如SOD2、GPX1、CAT表达水平)可预测空间辐射诱导的线粒体膜电位下降程度及癌变敏感性。
关键检测指标:全外显子组或靶向测序(鉴定风险SNP)、DNA修复曲线(修复半衰期)、线粒体膜电位(TMRM或JC−1染色)、细胞内ROS水平(DCFH−DA探针)、8−OHdG(DNA氧化损伤标志)。
科学问题4:空间辐射环境下癌细胞应激响应、死亡和衰老的分子机制。发现空间辐射环境促进癌细胞死亡的关键靶点,验证以此开发肿瘤诊治新方法的安全性和有效性。
假说4−1:空间辐射环境(特别是HZE粒子)可特异性激活p53野生型癌细胞的衰老相关分泌表型(senescence−associated secretory phenotype,SASP),通过旁分泌作用抑制非照射癌细胞增殖;而p53突变型癌细胞则倾向于发生铁死亡而非凋亡。
假说4−2:空间微重力通过下调癌细胞Hippo通路效应分子YAP/TAZ,减少其核转位,从而逆转EMT,降低癌细胞的侵袭和转移能力。
关键检测指标:细胞衰老、SASP因子(IL−6、IL−8、MMP3等)分泌量、铁死亡水平、YAP/TAZ核/浆比例、侵袭转移能力、3D类器官出芽指数等。
科学问题5:空间辐射环境对肿瘤微环境的调控机制,厘清肿瘤演进、死亡和转移过程中免疫因子和免疫细胞的动态变化规律。
假说5−1:空间辐射环境诱导肿瘤细胞释放特定外泌体(含miR−146a、miR−1246等),这些外泌体可被肿瘤相关巨噬细胞(tumor−associated macrophage,TAM)摄取,促使M2型巨噬细胞向M1型复极化,从而逆转免疫抑制微环境。
假说5−2:空间微重力减少Treg的增殖和向肿瘤部位的趋化,同时增强细胞毒性T淋巴细胞(cytotoxic T lymphocyte,CTL)的浸润和杀伤活性,形成“免疫有利”微环境。
关键检测指标:外泌体提取及miRNA测序、巨噬细胞极化标志(CD86、iNOS、Arg−1、CD206)、Treg/CTL比例(流式细胞术、多重免疫组化)、肿瘤组织切片中免疫细胞浸润密度(CD3、CD8、FoxP3、CD68染色)、肿瘤体积及肺转移结节计数(动物模型)。
将中国空间站和广泛的地基模拟实验平台优势结合、与月球基地等未来平台结合,基于肿瘤学的学科发展规律,可分为短期、中期、长期3个阶段,构建“基础研究—技术突破—临床转化”的系统发展路径,推动中国空间肿瘤研究快速起步和高质量发展(图2)。
短期目标:构建基础研究体系,积累核心数据。以肺癌研究为牵引,重点实现2个目标。一是建成空间肿瘤学数据库。以不同肺正常细胞系、不同分化状态肺癌细胞系、不同类型的肺类器官、肺癌类器官和小鼠为实验模型,开展空间站搭载和地基模拟实验和多组学分析,明确肺上皮细胞和肺癌细胞对空间辐射环境的应激响应差异,建立表型库和数据库,从系统生物学等角度解析肺癌发生发展和死亡的新机制,发现肺癌防、诊、治的新靶点。二是完善有组织的科研协作网络。以空间肺癌研究为牵引,整合全国具有空间辐射环境地基模拟实验平台的单位、已经和有意开展空间肿瘤研究的单位,形成“天基实验—地基验证—数据解析”的中国空间肺癌合作网络和高效协作机制。在肺癌研究方面取得突破的同时,形成高效协作的有组织科研系统,形成完善的空间肿瘤研究数据采集标准、数据治理体系和数据共享机制。
中期目标:突破关键机制,培育转化能力。拓展空间肿瘤学研究的肿瘤种类,聚焦机制突破与技术转化,实现2个跨越。一是针对中国高发肿瘤和世界难治性肿瘤,深化机制研究,提供防、诊、治新思路;二是基于新发现的靶点开展有效预防策略、系统诊断技术、新型治疗技术的探索,成立全国空间肿瘤研究合作联盟,开展多中心临床转化研究。
长期目标:形成空间肿瘤研究理论体系,赋能载人航天与肿瘤医疗。从学科发展与实际应用出发,建成国际领先的空间肿瘤学理论体系和技术体系,实现2大保障。一是建立空间辐射环境的肿瘤发生风险预测、监测和防护体系,保障长周期深空载人探索任务的顺利实施;二是实现空间肿瘤学研究和地面临床转化闭环,提供多种典型肿瘤诊治理论和技术,显著提升中国患者的5年生存率,助力健康中国建设和《“健康中国2030”规划纲要》的实现。
中国载人航天工程的顺利实施为中国空间肿瘤学学科建设和基础研究提供了前所未有的平台和机遇,应通过构建全国空间肿瘤研究合作联盟,形成一支稳定合理的基础研究、转化研究和临床研究相结合的队伍,开展平台共享、优势互补、高效协作的有组织科研,最终实现“空间研究保障航天健康、航天技术赋能地面医疗”的双向转化医学价值,使中国成为全球空间肿瘤学研究与转化的引领者和攻克癌症的中坚力量。
  • 国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFA1104300)
  • 国家自然科学基金重大项目(82192883)
  • 江苏省科技计划项目−创新支撑计划国际科技合作/港澳台科技合作“一带一路”创新合作项目(BZ2023008)
参考文献 引证文献
排序方式:
[1]
“健康中国2030”规划纲要[EB/OL]. (2016–10–25) [2025–09–20]. https://www.nhc.gov.cn/guihuaxxs/c100132/201610/cef9821abcfc4544bb27e2bc533bd7cf.shtml.
[2]
顾彦. 重大疾病预防是健康中国建设的重中之重[J]. 中国战略新兴产业, 2017(13): 57-59.
[3]
Bray F, Laversanne M, Sung H, et al. Global cancer statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries[J]. CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, 2024, 74(3): 229-263.
[4]
Siegel R L, Kratzer T B, Giaquinto A N, et al. Cancer statistics, 2025[J]. CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, 2025, 75(1): 10-45.
[5]
Cao W, Chen H D, Yu Y W, et al. Changing profiles of cancer burden worldwide and in China: A secondary analysis of the global cancer statistics 2020[J]. Chinese Medical Journal, 2021, 134(7): 783-791.
[6]
Han B F, Zheng R S, Zeng H M, et al. Cancer incidence and mortality in China, 2022[J]. Journal of the National Cancer Center, 2024, 4(1): 47-53.
[7]
Jeon D S, Kim H C, Kim S H, et al. Five−year overall survival and prognostic factors in patients with lung cancer: Results from the Korean Association of Lung Cancer Registry(KALC−R) 2015[J]. Cancer Research and Treatment, 2022, 55(1): 103-111.
[8]
Brenner A V, Preston D L, Sakata R, et al. Incidence of breast cancer in the life span study of atomic bomb survivors: 1958−2009[J]. Radiation Research, 2018, 190(4): 433-444.
[9]
Brenner A V, Sugiyama H, Preston D L, et al. Radiation risk of central nervous system tumors in the life span study of atomic bomb survivors, 1958−2009[J]. European Journal of Epidemiology, 2020, 35(6): 591-600.
[10]
Grant E J, Yamamura M, Brenner A V, et al. Radiation risks for the incidence of kidney, bladder and other urinary tract cancers: 1958−2009[J]. Radiation Research, 2021, 195(2): 140-148.
[11]
Furukawa K, Preston D, Funamoto S, et al. Long−term trend of thyroid cancer risk among Japanese atomic−bomb survivors: 60 years after exposure[J]. International Journal of Cancer, 2013, 132(5): 1222-1226.
[12]
Grant E J, Brenner A, Sugiyama H, et al. Solid cancer incidence among the life span study of atomic bomb survivors: 1958−2009[J]. Radiation Research, 2017, 187(5): 513-537.
[13]
Hsu W L, Preston D L, Soda M, et al. The incidence of leukemia, lymphoma and multiple myeloma among atomic bomb survivors: 1950−2001[J]. Radiation Research, 2013, 179(3): 361-382.
[14]
Kaiser J C, Walsh L. Independent analysis of the radiation risk for leukaemia in children and adults with mortality data (1950−2003) of Japanese A−bomb survivors[J]. Radiation and Environmental Biophysics, 2013, 52(1): 17-27.
[15]
Mabuchi K, Preston D L, Brenner A V, et al. Risk of prostate cancer incidence among atomic bomb survivors: 1958–2009[J]. Radiation Research, 2021, 195(1): 66-76.
[16]
Ozasa K, Shimizu Y, Suyama A, et al. Studies of the mortality of atomic bomb survivors, report 14, 1950–2003: An overview of cancer and noncancer diseases[J]. Radiation Research, 2012, 177(3): 229-243.
[17]
Sadakane A, French B, Brenner A V, et al. Radiation and risk of liver, biliary tract, and pancreatic cancers among atomic bomb survivors in Hiroshima and Nagasaki: 1958−2009[J]. Radiation Research, 2019, 192(3): 299-310.
[18]
Sakata R, Preston D L, Brenner A V, et al. Radiation−related risk of cancers of the upper digestive tract among Japanese atomic bomb survivors[J]. Radiation Research, 2019, 192(3): 331-344.
[19]
Sugiyama H, Misumi M, Brenner A, et al. Radiation risk of incident colorectal cancer by anatomical site among atomic bomb survivors: 1958−2009[J]. International Journal of Cancer, 2020, 146(3): 635-645.
[20]
Cahoon E K, Preston D L, Pierce D A, et al. Lung, laryngeal and other respiratory cancer incidence among Japanese atomic bomb survivors: An updated analysis from 1958 through 2009[J]. Radiation Research, 2017, 187(5): 538-548.
[21]
Utada M, Brenner A V, Preston D L, et al. Radiation risk of ovarian cancer in atomic bomb survivors: 1958−2009[J]. Radiation Research, 2021, 195(1): 60-65.
[22]
Gillies M, Haylock R, Hunter N, et al. Risk of leukemia associated with protracted low−dose radiation exposure: Updated results from the national registry for radiation workers study[J]. Radiation Research, 2019, 192(5): 527-537.
[23]
Haylock R G E, Gillies M, Hunter N, et al. Cancer mortality and incidence following external occupational radiation exposure: An update of the 3rd analysis of the UK national registry for radiation workers[J]. British Journal of Cancer, 2018, 119(5): 631-637.
[24]
Leuraud K, Richardson D B, Cardis E, et al. Ionising radiation and risk of death from leukaemia and lymphoma in radiation−monitored workers (INWORKS): An international cohort study[J]. The Lancet Haematology, 2015, 2(7): e276-e281.
[25]
Kaiser J C, Meckbach R, Eidemüller M, et al. Integration of a radiation biomarker into modeling of thyroid carcinogenesis and post−Chernobyl risk assessment[J]. Carcinogenesis, 2016, 37(12): 1152-1160.
[26]
de Gonzalez Berrington A, Salotti J A, McHugh K, et al. Relationship between paediatric CT scans and subsequent risk of leukaemia and brain tumours: Assessment of the impact of underlying conditions[J]. British Journal of Cancer, 2016, 114(4): 388-394.
[27]
Chen J. A summary of updated UNSCEAR evaluations on medical and occupational exposures to ionising radiation and call for participation in UNSCEAR Global Surveys on radiation exposure[J]. Radiation Protection Dosimetry, 2024, 200(16/17/18): 1495-1500.
[28]
Clement C H, Tirmarche M, Harrison J D, et al. Lung cancer risk from radon and progeny and statement on radon[J]. Annals of the ICRP, 2010, 40(1): 1-64.
[29]
Tirmarche M, Apostoaei I, Blanchardon E, et al. ICRP publication 150: Cancer risks from Plutonium and uranium exposure[J]. Annals of the ICRP, 2021, 50(4): 1-143.
[30]
Weil M M, Bedford J S, Bielefeldt−Ohmann H, et al. Incidence of acute myeloid leukemia and hepatocellular carcinoma in mice irradiated with 1 GeV/nucleon (56)Fe ions[J]. Radiation Research, 2009, 172(2): 213-219.
[31]
胡文涛, 周光明. 中国空间辐射生物研究面临的挑战和机遇[J]. 科学通报, 2019, 64(36): 3824-3829.
[32]
Longnecker D E, Manning F J, Worth M H, et al. Review of NASA's longitudinal study of astronaut health[M]. Washington, D. C.: National Academies Press, 2004.
[33]
Zeitlin C, Hassler D M, Cucinotta F A, et al. Measurements of energetic particle radiation in transit to Mars on the Mars Science Laboratory[J]. Science, 2013, 340(6136): 1080-1084.
[34]
Shay J W, Cucinotta F A, Sulzman F M, et al. From mice and men to earth and space: Joint NASA–NCI workshop on lung cancer risk resulting from space and terrestrial radiation[J]. Cancer Research, 2011, 71(22): 6926-6929.
[35]
Garrett−Bakelman F E, Darshi M, Green S J, et al. The NASA Twins Study: A multidimensional analysis of a year−long human spaceflight[J]. Science, 2019, 364(6436): eaau8650.
[36]
Barcellos−Hoff M H, Blakely E A, Burma S, et al. Concepts and challenges in cancer risk prediction for the space radiation environment[J]. Life Sciences in Space Research, 2015, 6: 92-103.
[37]
Weil M M, Ray F A, Genik P C, et al. Effects of 28Si ions, 56Fe ions, and protons on the induction of murine acute myeloid leukemia and hepatocellular carcinoma[J]. PLoS One, 2014, 9(8): e104819.
[38]
Durante M, Cucinotta F A. Heavy ion carcinogenesis and human space exploration[J]. Nature Reviews Cancer, 2008, 8(6): 465-472.
[39]
Afshinnekoo E, Scott R T, Mackay M J, et al. Fundamental Biological features of spaceflight: Advancing the field to enable deep−space exploration[J]. Cell, 2021, 184(24): 6002.
[40]
Cucinotta F A, Durante M. . Cancer risk from exposure to galactic cosmic rays: Implications for space exploration by human beings[J]. The Lancet Oncology, 2006, 7(5): 431-435.
[41]
Baatout S. Radiobiology textbook[M]. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023.
[42]
Chrystall D, Stewart M, Jin F, et al. Experimental investigation of real−time 3D beam's eye view image−guided radiotherapy for prostate SBRT[J]. Medical Physics, 2025, 52(11): e70086.
[43]
Mohan R. Intensity−modulated radiation therapy−you can have your cake and eat it too![J]. Medical Physics, 2023, 50(Suppl 1): 74-79.
[44]
Haslett K, Pttgen C, Stuschke M, et al. Hyperfractionated and accelerated radiotherapy in non−small cell lung cancer[J]. Journal of Thoracic Disease, 2014, 6(4): 328-335.
[45]
Ciccone L P, Franzetti J, Bonora M, et al. Charged particle radiotherapy for thyroid cancer. A systematic review[J]. Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology, 2024, 202: 104567.
[46]
Jia S K, Wei W G, He Y W, et al. The evolution of FLASH radiotherapy: A bibliometric analysis[J]. Frontiers in Oncology, 2025, 15: 1523068.
[47]
Burns L, Tsai J, Wong P, et al. Spatially fractionated radiotherapy for re−irradiation: Feasibility, safety, treatment planning, and outcomes[J]. Clinical and Translational Radiation Oncology, 2026, 56: 101049.
[48]
Wang W Y, Zhang E Z, Shan J J, et al. State−of−the−art boron clusters for boron neutron−capture therapy[J]. Theranostics, 2026, 16(1): 417-464.
[49]
Begg A C, Stewart F A, Vens C. Strategies to improve radiotherapy with targeted drugs[J]. Nature Reviews Cancer, 2011, 11(4): 239-253.
[50]
Qiu B, Aili A, Xue L, et al. Advances in radiobiology of stereotactic ablative radiotherapy[J]. Frontiers in Oncology, 2020, 10: 567219.
[51]
Baskar R, Lee K A, Yeo R, et al. Cancer and radiation therapy: Current advances and future directions[J]. International Journal of Medical Sciences, 2012, 9(3): 193-199.
[52]
Lupu−Plesu M, Claren A, Martial S, et al. Effects of proton versus photon irradiation on (lymph)angiogenic, inflammatory, proliferative and anti−tumor immune responses in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma[J]. Oncogenesis, 2017, 6(7): e354.
[53]
Grimm D. Microgravity and space medicine 2.0[J]. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2022, 23(8): 4456.
[54]
Masiello M G, Cucina A, Proietti S, et al. Phenotypic switch induced by simulated microgravity on MDA−MB−231 breast cancer cells[J]. BioMed Research International, 2014, 2014: 652434.
[55]
Akbarialiabad H, Jamshidi P, Aminzade Z, et al. Leveraging space innovations for cancer breakthroughs on Earth[J]. Trends in Cancer, 2025, 11(5): 433-440.
[56]
Niknam N, Akbarialiabad H, Kouhanjani Farjoud M, et al. Space oncology: A comprehensive scoping review[J]. Wilderness & Environmental Medicine, 2025, 36(1 suppl): 148s-171s.
[57]
McConnell A M, Konda B, Kirsch D G, et al. Distal airway epithelial progenitor cells are radiosensitive to High−LET radiation[J]. Scientific Reports, 2016, 6: 33455.
[58]
Kennedy E M, Powell D R, Li Z, et al. Galactic cosmic radiation induces persistent epigenome alterations relevant to human lung cancer[J]. Scientific Reports, 2018, 8(1): 6709.
[59]
Alpen E L, Powers−Risius P, Curtis S B, et al. Fluence−based relative biological effectiveness for charged particle carcinogenesis in mouse Harderian gland[J]. Advances in Space Research, 1994, 14(10): 573-581.
[60]
Li W S, Pei W W, Wang Y W, et al. Unraveling cellular dynamic changes in tumor evolution induced by long−term low dose−rate radiation[J]. British Journal of Cancer, 2025, 133(9): 1278-1296.
[61]
Zhou G M, Bennett P V, Cutter N C, et al. Proton−HZE−particle sequential dual−beam exposures increase anchorage−independent growth frequencies in primary human fibroblasts[J]. Radiation Research, 2006, 166(3): 488-494.
[62]
Hada M, Meador J A, Cucinotta F A, et al. Chromosome aberrations induced by dual exposure of protons and iron ions[J]. Radiation and Environmental Biophysics, 2007, 46(2): 125-129.
[63]
Wang H Y, Zou W J, Cao Y. Radiation−induced cellular senescence and adaptive response: Mechanistic interplay and implications[J]. Radiation Medicine and Protection, 2025, 6(3): 132-139.
[64]
Takahashi A, Suzuki H, Omori K, et al. The expression of p53−regulated genes in human cultured lymphoblastoid TSCE5 and WTK1 cell lines during spaceflight[J]. International Journal of Radiation Biology, 2010, 86(8): 669-681.
[65]
Brinley A A, Theriot C A, Nelman−Gonzalez M, et al. Characterization of Epstein−Barr virus reactivation in a modeled spaceflight system[J]. Journal of Cellular Biochemistry, 2013, 114(3): 616-624.
[66]
Fu H J, Su F, Zhu J, et al. Effect of simulated microgravity and ionizing radiation on expression profiles of miRNA, lncRNA, and mRNA in human lymphoblastoid cells[J]. Life Sciences in Space Research, 2020, 24: 1-8.
[67]
Yang C, Li Y H, Zhang Z J, et al. Effects of space flight exposure on cell growth, tumorigenicity and gene expression in cancer cells[J]. Advances in Space Research, 2008, 42(12): 1898-1905.
[68]
Yamanouchi S, Rhone J, Mao J H, et al. Simultaneous exposure of cultured human lymphoblastic cells to simulated microgravity and radiation increases chromosome aberrations[J]. Life, 2020, 10(9): 187.
[69]
Ding Y N, Xu Y, Wang X F, et al. Microgravity alleviates low−dose radiation−induced non−targeted carcinogenic effects[J]. npj Microgravity, 2025, 11(1): 26.
[70]
徐颖. ARRB1在空间辐射和微重力协同诱导肺上皮细胞恶性转化中的作用及机制研究[D]. 苏州: 苏州大学, 2025.
[71]
Lei X H, Cao Y J, Ma B H, et al. Development of mouse preimplantation embryos in space[J]. National Science Review, 2020, 7(9): 1437-1446.
[72]
Nilsson R, Liu N G. Nuclear DNA damages generated by reactive oxygen molecules (ROS) under oxidative stress and their relevance to human cancers, including ionizing radiation−induced neoplasia Part I: Physical, chemical and molecular biology aspects[J]. Radiation Medicine and Protection, 2020, 1(3): 140-152.
[73]
Zhao B L, Rothenberg E, Ramsden D A, et al. The molecular basis and disease relevance of non−homologous DNA end joining[J]. Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology, 2020, 21(12): 765-781.
[74]
Scully R, Panday A, Elango R, et al. DNA double−strand break repair−pathway choice in somatic mammalian cells[J]. Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology, 2019, 20(11): 698-714.
[75]
Sutherland B M, Bennett P V, Sidorkina O, et al. Clustered DNA damages induced in isolated DNA and in human cells by low doses of ionizing radiation[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2000, 97(1): 103-108.
[76]
Xu X, Nakano T, Tsuda M, et al. Direct observation of damage clustering in irradiated DNA with atomic force microscopy[J]. Nucleic Acids Research, 2020, 48(3): e18.
[77]
Asaithamby A, Hu B R, Chen D J. Unrepaired clustered DNA lesions induce chromosome breakage in human cells[J]. PNAS, 2011, 108(20): 8293-8298.
[78]
Horneck G, Rettberg P, Baumstark−Khan C, et al. DNA repair in microgravity: Studies on bacteria and mammalian cells in the experiments REPAIR and KINETICS[J]. Journal of Biotechnology, 1996, 47(2/3): 99-112.
[79]
Mognato M, Girardi C, Fabris S, et al. DNA repair in modeled microgravity: Double strand break rejoining activity in human lymphocytes irradiated with gamma−rays[J]. Mutation Research, 2009, 663(1/2): 32-39.
[80]
Moreno−Villanueva M, Wong M, Lu T, et al. Interplay of space radiation and microgravity in DNA damage and DNA damage response[J]. npj Microgravity, 2017, 3: 14.
[81]
Canova S, Fiorasi F, Mognato M, et al. "Modeled microgravity" affects cell response to ionizing radiation and increases genomic damage[J]. Radiation Research, 2005, 163(2): 191-199.
[82]
Qu K, Zaba L C, Satpathy A T, et al. Chromatin accessibility landscape of cutaneous T cell lymphoma and dynamic response to HDAC inhibitors[J]. Cancer Cell, 2017, 32(1): 27−41. e4.
[83]
Olcina M M, dell O' S, Hammond E M. Targeting chromatin to improve radiation response[J]. The British Journal of Radiology, 2015, 88(1047): 20140649.
[84]
戴婷婷, 贾保昌, 孙洁璇, . lncRNA作为鼻咽癌诊断、治疗、预后标志物的研究进展[J]. 检验医学与临床, 2023, 20(15): 2259-2263.
[85]
Yang X Y, Hu W T, Zhou G M. Advances in research on the molecular mechanisms of miRNAs in radiation responses[J]. Radiation Medicine and Protection, 2025, 6(4): 196-204.
[86]
Li Z, Jella K K, Jaafar L, et al. Characterization of exosome release and extracellular vesicle−associated miRNAs for human bronchial epithelial cells irradiated with high charge and energy ions[J]. Life Sciences in Space Research, 2021, 28: 11-17.
[87]
Ding N, Wu X, He J P, et al. Detection of novel human miRNAs responding to X−ray irradiation[J]. Journal of Radiation Research, 2011, 52(4): 425-432.
[88]
李朋飞, 胡文涛, 裴海龙, . 电离辐射改变长链非编码RNA的表达谱[J]. 原子核物理评论, 2015, 32(4): 484-489.
[89]
Wu A Q, Tang J X, Guo Z Y, et al. Long non−coding RNA CRYBG3 promotes lung cancer metastasis via activating the eEF1A1/MDM2/MTBP axis[J]. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2021, 22(6): 3211.
[90]
Chen H Y, Pei H L, Hu W T, et al. Long non−coding RNA CRYBG3 regulates glycolysis of lung cancer cells by interacting with lactate dehydrogenase A[J]. Journal of Cancer, 2018, 9(14): 2580-2588.
[91]
Pei H L, Hu W T, Guo Z Y, et al. Long noncoding RNA CRYBG3 blocks cytokinesis by directly binding G−actin[J]. Cancer Research, 2018, 78(16): 4563-4572.
[92]
Pei H L, Dai Y C, Yu Y D, et al. The tumorigenic effect of lncRNA AFAP1−AS1 is mediated by translated peptide ATMLP under the control of m6A methylation[J]. Advanced Science, 2023, 10(13): 2300314.
[93]
Peng X J, Huang Y X, Alisafaei F. Cytoskeleton−mediated alterations of nuclear mechanics by extracellular mechanical signals[J]. Biophysical Journal, 2022, 121(1): 1-3.
[94]
Gardiner J. Cytoskeletal tensegrity in microgravity[J]. Life, 2021, 11(10): 1091.
[95]
Zheng L J, Luo C Y, Yang N, et al. Ionizing radiation−induced long noncoding RNA CRYBG3 regulates YAP/TAZ through mechanotransduction[J]. Cell Death & Disease, 2022, 13(3): 209.
[96]
Indo H P, Majima H J, Terada M, et al. Changes in mitochondrial homeostasis and redox status in astronauts following long stays in space[J]. Scientific Reports, 2016, 6: 39015.
[97]
da Silveira W A, Fazelinia H, Rosenthal S B, et al. Comprehensive multi−omics analysis reveals mitochondrial stress as a central biological hub for spaceflight impact[J]. Cell, 2020, 183(5): 1185−1201. e20.
[98]
Overbey E G, Kim J, Tierney B T, et al. The Space Omics and Medical Atlas (SOMA) and international astronaut biobank[J]. Nature, 2024, 632(8027): 1145-1154.
[99]
Garcia−Medina J S, Sienkiewicz K, Narayanan S A, et al. Genome and clonal hematopoiesis stability contrasts with immune, cfDNA, mitochondrial, and telomere length changes during short duration spaceflight[J]. Precision Clinical Medicine, 2024, 7(1): pbae007.
[100]
Husna N, Aiba T, Fujita S I, et al. Release of CD36−associated cell−free mitochondrial DNA and RNA as a hallmark of space environment response[J]. Nature Communications, 2024, 15(1): 4814.
[101]
Han M Q, Bushong E A, Segawa M, et al. Spatial mapping of mitochondrial networks and bioenergetics in lung cancer[J]. Nature, 2023, 615(7953): 712-719.
[102]
Ma C Y, Li Q, Zhang Y, et al. NADPH oxidase/antioxidant dual−target intervention reduces radiation−induced embryo defects in mice[J]. Space: Science & Technology, 2026, 6: 478.
[103]
Baghoum H, Alahmed H, Hachim M, et al. Simulated microgravity influences immunity−related biomarkers in lung cancer[J]. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2023, 24(1): 526.
[104]
Hashemi B B, Penkala J E, Vens C, et al. T cell activation responses are differentially regulated during clinorotation and in spaceflight[J]. The FASEB Journal, 1999, 13(14): 2071-2082.
[105]
Shi F, Wang Y C, Zhao T Z, et al. Effects of simulated microgravity on human umbilical vein endothelial cell angiogenesis and role of the PI3K−Akt−eNOS signal pathway[J]. PLoS One, 2012, 7(7): e40365.
[106]
Wise P M, Neviani P, Riwaldt S, et al. Changes in exosome release in thyroid cancer cells after prolonged exposure to real microgravity in space[J]. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2021, 22(4): 2132.
[107]
Novoselova E G, Lunin S M, Khrenov M O, et al. Changes in immune cell signalling, apoptosis and stress response functions in mice returned from the BION−M1 mission in space[J]. Immunobiology, 2015, 220(4): 500-509.
[108]
Ilyin V K. Microbiological status of cosmonauts during orbital spaceflights on Salyut and Mir orbital stations[J]. Acta Astronautica, 2005, 56(9/10/11/12): 839-850.
[109]
Testard M, Ricoul F, Hoffschir I. Radiation−induced chromosome damage in astronauts' lymphocytes[J]. International Journal of Radiation Biology, 1996, 70(4): 403-411.
[110]
Grigoriev A I, Bugrov S A, Bogomolov V V, et al. Main medical results of extended flights on space station Mir in 1986−1990[J]. Acta Astronautica, 1993, 29(8): 581-585.
[111]
Ushakov I B, Petrov V M, Shafirkin A V, et al. Problems of ensuring human radiation safety during interplanetary flights[J]. Radiatsionnaia Biologiia, Radioecologiia, 2011, 51(5): 595-610.
[112]
Grigoryan E N, Radugina E A. Behavior of stem−like cells, precursors for tissue regeneration in urodela, under conditions of microgravity[J]. Stem Cells and Development, 2019, 28(7): 423-437.
[113]
Shurshakov V A, Kartashov D A, Kolomenskiĭ A V, et al. Radiation protective quality of spacesuit "Orlan−M" during extravehicular activities on the International Space Station[J]. Aviakosmicheskaia i Ekologicheskaia Meditsina, 2006, 40(4): 56-61.
[114]
Brooks A L. A commentary on: "A history of the United States Department of Energy (DOE) low dose radiation research program: 1998−2008"[J]. Radiation Research, 2015, 183(4): 375-381.
[115]
Kosti O. The future of low dose radiation research in the United States: Proceedings of a symposium[M]. Washington, D. C. : National Academies Press, 2019.
[116]
韩淋, 王海名, 范唯唯, . 2022年国际空间站科研与应用进展[J]. 科技导报, 2023, 41(13): 6-13.
[117]
Singer D S, Jacks T, Jaffee E. A US "Cancer Moonshot" to accelerate cancer research[J]. Science, 2016, 353(6304): 1105-1106.
[118]
Young C G, Carnival D M. The Biden cancer moonshot: American progress, global commitment[J]. Cancer Discovery, 2024, 14(4): 552-554.
[119]
Kreuzer M, Auvinen A, Cardis E, et al. Multidisciplinary European Low Dose Initiative (MELODI): Strategic research agenda for low dose radiation risk research[J]. Radiation and Environmental Biophysics, 2018, 57(1): 5-15.
[120]
Wang Y, Bannister L A, Sebastian S, et al. Low−dose radiobiology program at Canadian nuclear laboratories: Past, present, and future[J]. International Journal of Radiation Biology, 2019, 95(10): 1361-1371.
[121]
Braga−Tanaka 3rd, Tanaka S, Kohda A, et al. Experimental studies on the biological effects of chronic low dose−rate radiation exposure in mice: Overview of the studies at the Institute for Environmental Sciences[J]. International Journal of Radiation Biology, 2018, 94(5): 423-433.
2026年第44卷第10期
PDF下载
129
67
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
doi: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2025.11.00069
  • 接收时间:2025-11-08
  • 首发时间:2026-06-15
  • 出版时间:2026-05-28
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2025-11-08
  • 修回日期:2026-04-24
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFA1104300)
国家自然科学基金重大项目(82192883)
江苏省科技计划项目−创新支撑计划国际科技合作/港澳台科技合作“一带一路”创新合作项目(BZ2023008)
作者信息
    1苏州大学苏州医学院放射医学与防护学院,放射医学与辐射防护国家重点实验室,辐射损伤与救治江苏省高校重点实验室,江苏省高校放射医学协同创新中心,苏州 215123
    2中国科学院空间应用工程与技术中心,北京 100094

通讯作者:

韩培(通信作者),高级工程师,研究方向为空间生命科学与生物技术,电子信箱:;
周光明(共同通信作者),教授,研究方向为辐射生物学,电子信箱:
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2025.11.00069
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏