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高喜马拉雅地区海拔普遍在5500 m以上，终年冰雪覆盖，该地区的大气变暖尤为显著。自20世纪80年代以来，该地区升温幅度已增加约1倍，气温上升速度接近全球平均水平的2倍。这种变暖已引发一系列连锁效应，加速了冰川融化以及多年冻土和季节性冻土的融化，并进一步影响高地河流廊道中的径流过程、泥沙动力学和河岸稳定性。发源于该区域的河流，通常被称为“第三极”和“亚洲水塔”，对维系约20亿人的生计具有重要作用。

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（图片来源：《人民日报》）

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