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材料科学界存在一个让人头疼的“灰色地带”：当无数个纳米颗粒自主聚集时，它们既不像冰块里的原子那样排列得整整齐齐（绝对有序），也不像空气中的烟雾那样杂乱无章（绝对无序）。相反，它们往往会形成链状、网状或多孔团簇等“半有序、半无序”的复杂中间态。

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（图片来源：伊利诺伊大学官网）

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