Article(id=1266342973307507552, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, issueId=1266342817036128371, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2025.08.00092, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1755964800000, receivedDateStr=2025-08-24, revisedDate=1776700800000, revisedDateStr=2026-04-21, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1779849292350, onlineDateStr=2026-05-27, pubDate=1778601600000, pubDateStr=2026-05-13, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1779849292350, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-05-27, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1779849292350, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1779849292350, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1266342817036128371, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, year='2026', volume='44', issue='9', pageStart='1', pageEnd='136', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1778601600000', pubDateStr='2026-05-13', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1779849255084, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1779849689565, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1266344639704485987, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, issueId=1266342817036128371, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1266344639708680292, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, issueId=1266342817036128371, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=108, endPage=115, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1266342973794046818, articleId=1266342973307507552, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, language=EN, title=A study of base station edge coverage enhancement based on reconfigurable intelligent metasurface near−field focusing, columnId=1150494644690366681, journalTitle=Science & Technology Review, columnName=Papers, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

With the continuous advancement of wireless mobile communication technologies, user demand for high−quality communication services is growing significantly. As distance increases, the signal weakens at the cell edge, and the issue of insufficient base station coverage in these areas becomes a key factor constraining communication quality. Consequently, enhancing the performance of cell−edge users has become a major research focus in the field of wireless communications. Addressing this challenge, this study proposes utilizing reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) technology to achieve near−field focusing in the 3.5 GHz band to enhance cell−edge coverage. The near−field focusing effect of the electromagnetic superstructure was verified through both theoretical calculation and full−wave electromagnetic simulation. The analysis results indicated that RIS can achieve near−field focusing of electromagnetic waves by precisely controlling the phase of the electromagnetic waves. Field trial measurement in outdoor environments using a constructed RIS proof−of−concept prototype measured signal strength at various positions within the near−field region, validating the RIS's near−field focusing capability. System performance tests were conducted to evaluate the signal enhancement based on RIS near−field focusing, combined with a commercial base station antenna. Experimental results demonstrate that the intelligent metasurface exhibits excellent coverage enhancement effects in near−field focusing and can improve communication quality in the edge regions of base stations.

, authors=null, authorsList=Chi ZHANG, Xiaomei WU, Hao LI, Hongtai MA, Guang YANG, Xiaoxiong CAI, Jian REN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Jian REN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=All rights reserved. Unauthorized reproduction is prohibited., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1266342977740886900, articleId=1266342973307507552, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, language=CN, title=基于可重构智能超表面近场聚焦的基站边缘覆盖增强研究, columnId=1146540929516700224, journalTitle=科技导报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

随着无线移动通信技术的不断发展,用户对高质量通信服务的需求日益增长。通信距离的增加、小区边缘信号减弱、小区边缘基站覆盖不足等问题成为制约通信质量的关键因素,小区边缘用户的性能提升成为无线通信领域的重点研究内容。为此提出利用可重构智能超表面(reconfigurable intelligent surfaces,RIS)技术实现近场聚焦以增强小区边缘覆盖。分别采用理论计算和全波电磁仿真方法对电磁超表面的近场聚焦效果进行了仿真,分析结果表明,RIS能够通过精确调控电磁波相位实现电磁波的近场聚焦,显著提升超表面近场区域内的信号强度。利用所搭建3.5 GHz RIS原理样机对近场区域内不同位置的信号强度进行了外场场域测试,验证了RIS的近场聚焦能力。结合商用基站天线,对基于RIS近场聚焦的信号增强进行了系统性能测试。实验结果表明,在一定范围内智能超表面在近场聚焦中表现出良好的覆盖增强效果,能够改善基站边缘区域的通信质量。

, authors=

张弛,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为宽带可重构电磁超表面设计,电子信箱:

, authorsList=张弛, 吴晓梅, 李昊, 马鸿泰, 杨桄, 蔡晓雄, 任建, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=任建, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
任建(通信作者),副教授,研究方向为电磁超表面、太赫兹技术、相控阵天线,电子信箱:
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张弛,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为宽带可重构电磁超表面设计,电子信箱:

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张弛,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为宽带可重构电磁超表面设计,电子信箱:

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caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
出射
角度/°
焦点
距离/m
聚焦
场强/dBm
LOS径
场强/dBm
差值/dB
00.5−27.01−33.426.41
1−24.07−33.469.42
2−26.97−37.1210.15
3−29.67−37.267.59
5−32.63−37.084.45
7−36.94−33.243.70
10−36.42−30.176.25
300.5−27.11−34.917.80
1−26.08−35.649.56
2−27.01−36.659.64
3−30.14−37.177.03
5−33.98−36.762.78
450.5−27.61−33.425.81
1−24.86−35.4510.59
2−28.41−36.548.13
3−30.4−37.717.31
5−35.92−38.172.25
600.5−33.69−32.52−1.17
1−27.34−33.195.85
2−31.56−34.212.65
3−34.65−38.643.99
5−41.86−38.71−3.15
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RIS在不同出射码本下随着接收机距离的变化接收功率

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出射
角度/°
焦点
距离/m
聚焦
场强/dBm
LOS径
场强/dBm
差值/dB
00.5−27.01−33.426.41
1−24.07−33.469.42
2−26.97−37.1210.15
3−29.67−37.267.59
5−32.63−37.084.45
7−36.94−33.243.70
10−36.42−30.176.25
300.5−27.11−34.917.80
1−26.08−35.649.56
2−27.01−36.659.64
3−30.14−37.177.03
5−33.98−36.762.78
450.5−27.61−33.425.81
1−24.86−35.4510.59
2−28.41−36.548.13
3−30.4−37.717.31
5−35.92−38.172.25
600.5−33.69−32.52−1.17
1−27.34−33.195.85
2−31.56−34.212.65
3−34.65−38.643.99
5−41.86−38.71−3.15
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场景RSRP/dBm
无RIS−71.19
聚焦1 m−63.30
聚焦1.5 m−65.25
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RIS在不同场景下接收功率的平均值

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场景RSRP/dBm
无RIS−71.19
聚焦1 m−63.30
聚焦1.5 m−65.25
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基于可重构智能超表面近场聚焦的基站边缘覆盖增强研究
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张弛 1 , 吴晓梅 2 , 李昊 2 , 马鸿泰 2 , 杨桄 2 , 蔡晓雄 2 , 任建 1, *
科技导报 | 研究论文 2026,44(9): 108-115
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科技导报 |研究论文 2026 , 44 (9) : 108 -115
基于可重构智能超表面近场聚焦的基站边缘覆盖增强研究
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张弛1 , 吴晓梅2, 李昊2, 马鸿泰2, 杨桄2, 蔡晓雄2, 任建1, *
作者信息
  • 1西安电子科技大学雷达探测感知全国重点实验室,西安 710071
  • 2中国铁塔股份有限公司,北京 100089
通讯作者:
任建(通信作者),副教授,研究方向为电磁超表面、太赫兹技术、相控阵天线,电子信箱:
A study of base station edge coverage enhancement based on reconfigurable intelligent metasurface near−field focusing
Chi ZHANG1 , Xiaomei WU2, Hao LI2, Hongtai MA2, Guang YANG2, Xiaoxiong CAI2, Jian REN1, *
Affiliations
  • 1National Key Laboratory of Radar Detection and Sensing, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China
  • 2China Tower Corporation Limited, Beijing 100089, China
出版时间: 2026-05-13 doi: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2025.08.00092
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随着无线移动通信技术的不断发展,用户对高质量通信服务的需求日益增长。通信距离的增加、小区边缘信号减弱、小区边缘基站覆盖不足等问题成为制约通信质量的关键因素,小区边缘用户的性能提升成为无线通信领域的重点研究内容。为此提出利用可重构智能超表面(reconfigurable intelligent surfaces,RIS)技术实现近场聚焦以增强小区边缘覆盖。分别采用理论计算和全波电磁仿真方法对电磁超表面的近场聚焦效果进行了仿真,分析结果表明,RIS能够通过精确调控电磁波相位实现电磁波的近场聚焦,显著提升超表面近场区域内的信号强度。利用所搭建3.5 GHz RIS原理样机对近场区域内不同位置的信号强度进行了外场场域测试,验证了RIS的近场聚焦能力。结合商用基站天线,对基于RIS近场聚焦的信号增强进行了系统性能测试。实验结果表明,在一定范围内智能超表面在近场聚焦中表现出良好的覆盖增强效果,能够改善基站边缘区域的通信质量。

可重构智能超表面(RIS)  /  边缘覆盖增强  /  近场聚焦  /  无线通信

With the continuous advancement of wireless mobile communication technologies, user demand for high−quality communication services is growing significantly. As distance increases, the signal weakens at the cell edge, and the issue of insufficient base station coverage in these areas becomes a key factor constraining communication quality. Consequently, enhancing the performance of cell−edge users has become a major research focus in the field of wireless communications. Addressing this challenge, this study proposes utilizing reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) technology to achieve near−field focusing in the 3.5 GHz band to enhance cell−edge coverage. The near−field focusing effect of the electromagnetic superstructure was verified through both theoretical calculation and full−wave electromagnetic simulation. The analysis results indicated that RIS can achieve near−field focusing of electromagnetic waves by precisely controlling the phase of the electromagnetic waves. Field trial measurement in outdoor environments using a constructed RIS proof−of−concept prototype measured signal strength at various positions within the near−field region, validating the RIS's near−field focusing capability. System performance tests were conducted to evaluate the signal enhancement based on RIS near−field focusing, combined with a commercial base station antenna. Experimental results demonstrate that the intelligent metasurface exhibits excellent coverage enhancement effects in near−field focusing and can improve communication quality in the edge regions of base stations.

reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)  /  edge coverage enhancement  /  near–field focusing  /  wireless communication
张弛, 吴晓梅, 李昊, 马鸿泰, 杨桄, 蔡晓雄, 任建. 基于可重构智能超表面近场聚焦的基站边缘覆盖增强研究. 科技导报, 2026 , 44 (9) : 108 -115 . DOI: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2025.08.00092
Chi ZHANG, Xiaomei WU, Hao LI, Hongtai MA, Guang YANG, Xiaoxiong CAI, Jian REN. A study of base station edge coverage enhancement based on reconfigurable intelligent metasurface near−field focusing[J]. Science & Technology Review, 2026 , 44 (9) : 108 -115 . DOI: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2025.08.00092
随着无线通信技术的不断进步,用户对高质量无线通信的需求日益增长。基站作为无线通信网络的重要组成部分,其信号覆盖范围直接影响到用户的通信体验[14]。由于信号在传播过程中会受到衰减、反射、散射等多种因素的影响,基站边缘区域的信号覆盖往往存在不足,这成为无线通信领域亟待解决的问题之一,且在无线通信网络绿色节能发展的大趋势下日益突出。为了提升基站边缘的覆盖能力,研究人员提出了多种方案,如增加中继节点、优化网络配置、采用超密集组网、上行干扰功率控制等[58]。中继能够显著地提升基站的覆盖范围[56],然而,其作为有源设备会引入额外干扰与噪声,带来频谱管理风险与系统性能下降。超密集蜂窝网络通过增加网络节点数量以提升容量[78],但也提高了网络运维成本。尽管已有诸多研究,小区边缘覆盖问题仍是当前无线通信领域面临的挑战之一。
可重构智能超表面(reconfigurable intelligent surfaces,RIS)利用单元结构加载有源器件(二极管或开关器件),实现对电磁波反射或透射的灵活调控[912]。由于其强大的电磁波操控能力,RIS受到学术界与工业界的广泛关注。近年来,学术界和工业界针对RIS的系统设计与优化、单元与波束控制硬件设计及基于RIS的无线通信系统性能评估开展了大量的研究工作[1316]。外场实验已经验证了RIS在无线覆盖增强方面,尤其是在遮挡补盲方面的巨大潜力。随着研究的深入,RIS的近场特性引起研究人员的关注,研究者针对RIS近场特性和应用开展了一系列的前期研究工作。英国伦敦玛丽女王大学的Mu等[17]研究了RIS辅助近场通信,并基于近场通道模型与RIS辅助远场通信进行了比较,研究表明,近场传播比远场传播获得更高的加权求和率,减轻了多用户干扰,提高了数据速率。阿卜杜拉国王科技大学的Ramzan等[18]设计了用于演示近场到远场试验中的波束控制和多波束形成的RIS通信装置,使用27×28单元格的1位RIS,通过改变RIS的大小,对比了点源和平面波源情况下的路径损耗。清华大学的Li等[19]提出通过RIS将平面波转换为柱面波,使能量集中在均匀线性阵列(uniform linear array,ULA)天线上,解决了当接收机位于近场且没有安装平面阵列时,RIS的传统平面反射波可能会造成严重的能量泄漏的问题。奥尔堡大学的Mei等[20]定义了“收益距离”和“近场增益”2个指标来评估RIS在近场通信中的优势。研究表明,近场聚焦RIS能够在特定区域内提供更强的电场强度,并且随着聚焦距离的增加,收益距离也会增大,还讨论了RIS的尺寸和相位量化对性能的影响,指出较大的RIS尺寸和更高的相位量化精度有助于提高近场增益和收益距离。玛丽皇后大学的Xu等[21]提出了基于格林函数方法的信道模型,用于分析STAR(simultaneously transmitting and reflecting)超表面在近场和远场条件下的性能。通过实验得出近场信道的自由度高于远场信道,且在近场区域,接收功率与超表面元素数量呈线性关系,而在远场区域则呈二次关系。
与远场调控类似,近场调控同样基于RIS单元结构对入射电磁波的灵活调控能力,其将电磁波聚焦于RIS近场区域内的单个或某几个位置,利用RIS口径大的优势,实现焦点位置空间能量聚焦,进而提升放置于焦点之上的设备的信号强度,这为提升蜂窝小区边缘覆盖能力提供了可能。然而,目前未有针对RIS近场应用的相关研究。本研究深入探索了RIS应用于3.5 GHz频段小区边缘覆盖延伸技术。基于RIS近场聚焦原理,利用RIS的口面尺寸优势,实现空间能量的汇聚,提升基站在小区边缘的覆盖能力。本研究针对RIS近场聚焦理论分析、外场场强分析与测试、系统性能测试等开展了研究工作,实验结果验证了RIS在3.5 GHz频段对于边缘覆盖增强具有一定的作用。
RIS对入射的平面波进行近场聚焦的原理基于对电磁波相位的精确调控,从而实现电磁波在近场区域的聚焦。当远场的平面波入射到RIS时,由于入射波的波前是平坦的,RIS上的每个单元接收到的信号相位仅与其位置相关。通过设计和调节超表面上各个单元的反射相位,使得每个单元对入射波施加特定的相位补偿,从而改变反射波的相位分布。通过这种方式,反射波可以被调控为在某一目标点实现相干叠加,使得该点的电磁场强度达到最大值,进而实现近场聚焦。
具体而言,近场聚焦的实现依赖于RIS单元的相位分布设计。根据几何光学原理,可以计算出目标聚焦点与超表面上任意单元之间的相位差,再结合入射波的相位分布,为每个单元设计相应的反射相位。这种相位设计确保了反射波在目标点满足相干叠加条件,从而实现能量的集中。通过动态调整相位分布,RIS不仅能够灵活改变聚焦点的位置,还可以适应不同的近场应用需求。
RIS位于基站的远场区,因此RIS接收到基站的来波是平面波入射。图1给出了反射阵列系统的几何模型,展示了来波方向、聚焦点位以及反射阵列坐标系。
入射波为平面波的情况下,可以认为每个单元接收到的幅度是一致的。采用2−bit量化超表面单元进行设计,设定入射角度为$ ({\theta _{{\mathrm{inc}}}},{\varphi _{{\mathrm{inc}}}}) $,每个单元接收到电磁波的相移可以表示为[22]
$ {\phi }_{\mathrm{i}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{c}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{d}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{t}}({x}_{i},{y}_{i})={k}_{0}({x}_{i}\mathrm{s}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{n}{\theta }_{\mathrm{i}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{c}}\mathrm{c}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{s}{\varphi }_{\mathrm{i}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{c}}+{y}_{i}\mathrm{s}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{n}{\theta }_{\mathrm{i}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{c}}\mathrm{s}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{n}{\varphi }_{\mathrm{i}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{c}}) $
需要给每个单元施加的相移量为
$ {\phi }_{i}({x}_{i},{y}_{i})=-{k}_{0}({x}_{i}\mathrm{s}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{n}{\theta }_{\mathrm{i}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{c}}\mathrm{c}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{s}{\varphi }_{\mathrm{i}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{c}}+{y}_{i}\mathrm{s}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{n}{\theta }_{\mathrm{i}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{c}}\mathrm{s}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{n}{\varphi }_{\mathrm{i}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{c}})+{k}_{0}{r}_{i} $
式中,$ ({x}_{i},{y}_{i}) $为单元基于阵面中心的位移,$ {k}_{0} $为自由空间的波数,$ {r}_{i} $为各个单元到焦点的距离。
考虑到菲涅尔区内场辐射的球面波衰减模型,采用下式来模拟球面波随传输距离增大而强度的衰减
$ {E}_{i}({r})=-\frac{{\mathrm{j}}{\mu }_{0}\omega }{4\text{π} {r}_{i}}{{\mathrm{e}}}^{{\mathrm{j}}{k}_{0}r} $
式中,Ei代表第i个单元在$ {r} $处产生的场,$ {\mu }_{0} $表示真空磁导率,$ \omega $表示角频率。据此,可以计算出在菲涅尔区内超表面进行聚焦时辐射出的场分布
$ E({r})={\displaystyle \sum _{i=1}^{N}-\frac{{\mathrm{j}}{\mu }_{0}\omega }{4\text{π} {r}_{i}}{{\mathrm{e}}}^{{\mathrm{j}}{k}_{0}r}\cdot {\phi }_{i}^{c}{|}_{2-\text{bit}}} $
根据以上数学推导,在MATLAB中建立了数学模型用来模拟RIS进行近场聚焦时的结果。图2为3.5 GHz阵元间距为自由空间半波长、阵列规模为16×32的超表面在不同条件下聚焦的计算结果,此处均假设电磁波垂直入射到超表面,且电磁波在阵元数目为32的维度对波束进行偏转聚焦。
使用ANSYS HFSS全波电磁仿真软件对RIS单元进行了建模,模型图如图3所示。
该单元设计为4层金属、3层介质基板的形式。其中,金属层分别为顶层辐射贴片、金属地板、短路矩形片,以及底层的直流偏置线。介质基板依次使用的是3 mm的F4B265,0.1 mm的Prepreg层及1.6 mm的FR4。加载二极管的顶层贴片与金属地板共同组成了单元的射频结构,在辐射贴片上引入不对称的结构实现反射相位相差90°,通过修改每个单元上2个二极管的正反向偏转状态,可以扰动2个谐振状态,进而控制单元相位相应2−bit可调,以此来调控辐射到超表面上的电磁波形成近场波束聚焦。
二极管的阳极由直流偏置线引出,阴极由顶层贴片电场最小值点引出到射频地,使得每个二极管可以独立控制。由于偏置线会穿过地面,为了防止地平面的完整性被通孔破坏,导致微波能量向反射面后方泄漏,在地板与偏置线之间设计了短路矩形片,在通孔与金属地之间构建微波短路结构,减少接收能量的损耗。
为了验证超表面的近场聚焦能力,根据2.1节的近场聚焦相位计算办法,以RIS中心为原点建立坐标系,计算了基站位于球坐标系(−15°, 90°)的情况下(基站距离RIS足够远),RIS聚焦在不同位置的码本,如图4所示,其中“0123”是相位梯度递增的方向。
根据计算得到的相位码本,使用前文提出的单元在HFSS里面组成了16×32的阵列,通过设置RLC端口来表示不同的二极管偏置状态。
计算得到的不同聚焦场景对应的全波仿真场强分布图如图5所示。可以看出,RIS在不同的聚焦距离下均有良好的聚焦效果,焦斑较为明显。
天线近场区域范围d可按照以下近场公式计算得到
$ d=\frac{2{D}^{2}}{\lambda } $
式中,D为天线的阵面的最大尺寸,$ \lambda $为天线工作频率对应的波长。则该RIS阵列理论的近场范围为36.5 m。
因此,推测近场区域RIS聚焦对于信号的增益可能受到环境的影响而存在极值,但在一定范围内信号场强收益增加,而超过这一区域后信号场强的收益受到环境多径效应的影响增大,其收益将会减小。
1) 场景描述。图6(a)为测试场景的二维示意图,研究人员在西安电子科技大学新校区E楼楼顶架设了3.5 GHz的基站天线,天线的架设高度约为24 m,测试区域为红色方框所在区域,位于RIS出射的近场,用来验证RIS的近场聚焦能力。基站发射端包括桌面电源、信号源、功率放大器和基站天线等仪器。通过信号源产生3.5 GHz的单音信号,通过功率放大器将信号源输出的射频信号放大到功率为1 W。采用前文所示超表面单元设计了16×32规模的RIS阵面,如图6(b)所示。将RIS面朝基站放置,接收来自基站的信号并将其反射至测试区域,RIS阵面中心与基站发射中心存在23°的下倾角。图6(c)给出了测试场景的实拍图,RIS正面与基站来波方向垂直,分别测试了0°、30°、45°以及60°出射场景下RIS对于电磁能量的汇聚能力。在接收端使用喇叭天线测试RIS反射的信号强度,以更加准确地测得部署RIS后相对于数据传输(line−of−sight,LOS)场景所获得的收益。
2) 测试结果与分析。在西安电子科技大学F楼前近场聚焦场景中,通过切换码本实现RIS在不同方向上的波束汇聚,不同波束出射角度下部署RIS之后相对于LOS径的收益在表1中得到了体现。并且在不同的波束出射方向,设置了不同的距离梯度,可以较为明显地看到随着距离的变化,在近场区域RIS部署之后对信号强度增强效果变化的规律。通过表1可以看出在3.5 GHz频段室外环境聚焦测量场景下,除个别点位外,喇叭作为接收天线在3 m及以内范围,聚焦的接收场强与喇叭天线和基站的LOS链路相比,均有不小于4 dB的聚焦收益;在聚焦点距离RIS阵面中心5 m及以上或60°大角度聚焦的场景下,RIS的聚焦能力会有所降低,但是聚焦收益一般不低于2 dB。
整体来看,随着焦点距离和出射角度的增加,部署RIS之后所获得收益会达到一个极值,在此范围内RIS对所接收到的电磁波均可以实现有效的聚焦,进而增强通信过程中信号的强度,且场强收益的极值出现在1~2 m之间。
1) 场景描述。为了进一步验证RIS在近场聚焦场景中的真实作用效果,利用西安电子科技大学新校区内的现网基站以及商用手机对加载RIS后的现网性能进行了测试。
图7(a)为外场测试场景的全景俯视图。标注三角形的位置是基站所处的位置,位于宿舍楼5楼的楼顶,高度约为24 m,测试区域为图中红色方框所在区域。基站与RIS之间没有遮挡,出于LOS场景。将RIS部署在距离基站天线150 m的路口处,接收来自基站的信号,并将信号汇聚至测试区域,RIS接收信号有一个13°的下倾角。使用Cellular软件锁定基站,对数据进行1 s/次的采样,每个点位录制2 min的数据,以避免数据波动对测试结果的影响。通过对比部署RIS前后基站信号接收功率(reference signal received power,RSRP),对网络性能进行评估。
2) 测试结果与分析。表2展示了不同测试场景下测得参考信号RSRP的平均值,通过对比可以看到RIS部署后手机所接收到的RSRP值明显增强。由于测试环境中的多径效应的干扰,商用手机接收到的RSRP值抖动较大,平均值并不能准确表征RIS近场聚焦下对于接收信号RSRP的增强效果。
为了得到部署RIS后环境场强的整体效果,将所记录的数据进行了处理,得到了不同场景下接收信号的累积分布函数(cumulative distribution function,CDF)曲线。图8为外场测试场景下RSRP在有无RIS情况下的CDF对比,通过CDF曲线可以更加清晰地看到RIS部署之后,其聚焦的能量使得手机接收信号的RSRP值有了明显的提升。具体表现在,当RIS进行波束汇聚的焦点为1.5 m时,手机2 min时间内接收信号的RSRP≥−70 dBm;当RIS进行波束汇聚的焦点为1 m时,手机2 min内接收信号的RSRP≥−67 dBm。其结果与3.1节边缘覆盖增强验证测试的结果相似,即场强收益的极值点在1 m左右,证明了利用RIS近场聚焦技术提升小区边缘用户通信性能的可行性。
本研究通过对3.5 GHz RIS室外RIS近场聚焦的边缘覆盖的实验研究,综合验证了工作在3.5 GHz频段RIS在增强基站边缘区域室外覆盖延伸方面的有效性。具体而言,喇叭天线发射单音信号的空间定点测试表明,在RIS近场区域(距RIS表面4 m范围内),通过精准的近场聚焦调控,空间电磁场强值得到了显著提升,且提升效果在距离RIS较近的位置(如1~2 m)尤为明显。进一步的外场现网性能测试结果也印证了这一点,部署RIS并进行近场聚焦后,商用手机接收到的信号功率RSRP获得了可观的增益。这些结果证明了利用RIS近场聚焦技术提升小区边缘用户通信性能的可行性。同时,实验也揭示了一个关键的问题:RIS近场聚焦的实际有效作用距离远小于理论预期值,在当前的实际测试环境中其覆盖延伸能力受到显著限制。因此,提升RIS在更远距离上的有效聚焦能力和作用范围,将是未来研究的重点。
  • 国家自然科学基金面上项目(62571404)
  • 国家自然科学基金重大项目(62394293)
  • 国家自然科学基金重大项目(62394290)
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doi: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2025.08.00092
  • 接收时间:2025-08-24
  • 首发时间:2026-05-27
  • 出版时间:2026-05-13
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  • 收稿日期:2025-08-24
  • 修回日期:2026-04-21
基金
国家自然科学基金面上项目(62571404)
国家自然科学基金重大项目(62394293)
国家自然科学基金重大项目(62394290)
作者信息
    1西安电子科技大学雷达探测感知全国重点实验室,西安 710071
    2中国铁塔股份有限公司,北京 100089

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任建(通信作者),副教授,研究方向为电磁超表面、太赫兹技术、相控阵天线,电子信箱:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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