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(图片来源:《SuSMat》)

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    纤维素是来源于植物的天然非粮多糖,年产量超过千亿吨。若能实现高质量转化并制备高性能纳米材料,这一储量丰富的生物质资源有望成为支撑社会可持续发展的重要生物基原料。

    . 天然纤维素中发现原生二维纳米片. 科技导报, 2026 , 44 (7) : 3 -3 .
    . Science & Technology Review, 2026 , 44 (7) : 3 -3 .
    纤维素是来源于植物的天然非粮多糖,年产量超过千亿吨。若能实现高质量转化并制备高性能纳米材料,这一储量丰富的生物质资源有望成为支撑社会可持续发展的重要生物基原料。
    长期以来,在亚微米尺度上,研究人员主要从天然纤维素中提取出两类一维纳米材料,即纤维素纳米晶和纤维素纳米微纤。这些材料具有高模量、高强度等优点,已被视为先进生物基纳米材料的重要代表。然而,植物细胞壁本身具有复杂的层级结构,这也意味着其中纤维素的聚集形态未必仅限于一维。
    围绕这一问题,中国科学院宁波材料技术与工程研究所朱锦率领的生物基高分子团队设计合成了一种新型两性离子复合固体催化剂,并将其用于天然纤维素的催化解聚。研究人员通过将弱酸性与弱碱性单元强制共价连接,实现催化位点的均匀分散与适宜离子强度构建,再结合磷钨酸负载催化作用,在特定层级上精准破坏纤维素分子的聚集结构,最终从天然纤维素中直接提取出原生二维纤维素纳米片。
    这一发现表明,天然纤维素中不仅存在传统认识中的一维纳米结构,还可能天然蕴含二维片层形态,因而丰富了人们对纤维素固有多级层级结构的认识。实验结果显示,该方法对多种类型纤维素均表现出较高选择性和良好普适性,包括棉纤维素、木纤维素、纸浆纤维素、粘胶纤维素和细菌纤维素等,均可实现纳米片的有效提取。
    所得单层纤维素纳米片横向尺寸达到数微米,厚度约为21~25nm。其平均模量、表面粗糙度和黏附力分别为7.2 GPa、0.5 nm和7.49 nN,显示出较好的结构稳定性与界面特性。进一步研究表明,这种二维纤维素纳米片在高分子复合材料改性中表现出良好的气体阻隔性能,为纤维素高值化利用及新型生物基功能材料开发提供了新的思路。
    (来源于中国科技期刊卓越行动计划入选期刊:《SusMat》,2026,6(1):e70064)

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    2种不同金属材料的力学参数

    Family
    属数
    Number of
    genus
    种数
    Number of
    species
    占总种数比例
    Percentage of
    total species (%)

    Genus
    种数
    Number of
    species
    占总种数比例
    Percentage of total
    species (%)
    鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
    小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
    多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
    红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
    小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
    光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
    红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
    栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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