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1963年的一个午后，13岁的坦桑尼亚少年埃拉斯托·姆潘巴（Erasto Mpemba）在马甘巴中学制作冰淇淋。为抢占冰箱空间，他将滚烫的牛奶糖浆直接放入冷冻室，而同学们则先将混合物静置冷却。出乎意料的是，他的冰淇淋竟最先凝固——这一偶然发现，日后将改写现代物理学对热力学过程的认知。

, authors=null, authorsList=Zack Savitsky, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=版权所有，未经授权，不得转载。, copyrightOwner=《科技导报》编辑部, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=3sT0/+OPi0Qr4UH1reyxFA==, magXml=bb+enhJtCBY9S2C2RnM3rQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=1/JFIXLR36OMM4vvSyO+DA==, pdfFileSize=947970, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=TgBz2JcDyDyqa4lFqgevDg==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=6bz1izu5qRch+61ez5chfA==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1254112849018683699, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1254112843834523935, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={CN=AuthorExt(id=1254112849240981812, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1254112843834523935, authorId=1254112849018683699, language=CN, stringName=Zack Savitsky, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=null, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null)], keywords=null, refs=null, funds=null, companyList=null, figs=[ArticleFig(id=1254112850113397048, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1254112843834523935, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=dHib+Zhf8R3kA0TZPbYd9Q==, figureFileBig=TgBz2JcDyDyqa4lFqgevDg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1254112850285363513, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1254112843834523935, language=CN, label=null, caption=将热水泼入冷空气中瞬间造雪是姆潘巴效应的一种表现

（照片来源：《Science》）

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