Article(id=1251559143883097015, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, issueId=1251559134307500754, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2024.07.00833, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1720368000000, receivedDateStr=2024-07-08, revisedDate=1767801600000, revisedDateStr=2026-01-08, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1776324552745, onlineDateStr=2026-04-16, pubDate=1774627200000, pubDateStr=2026-03-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1776324552745, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-04-16, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1776324552745, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1776324552745, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1251559134307500754, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, year='2026', volume='44', issue='6', pageStart='1', pageEnd='112', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1774627200000', pubDateStr='2026-03-28', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1776324550463, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1776332259412, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1251591468125733729, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, issueId=1251559134307500754, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1251591468125733730, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, issueId=1251559134307500754, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=100, endPage=107, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1251559145376269254, articleId=1251559143883097015, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, language=EN, title=Detection and control measures for low, slow, and small targets, columnId=1150494643415773491, journalTitle=Science & Technology Review, columnName=Policy Forum, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
The low−altitude economy, as a national strategic emerging industry, is becoming a new engine driving future economic development. It is characterized by heterogeneity, high density, high frequency, and high complexity. In response to this trend, low−altitude security urgently needs to shift from key area protection to comprehensive security management, addressing not only unauthorized drone flights but also the integrated supervision of cooperative and non−cooperative targets. However, domestic capabilities in detecting and controlling UAVs remain inadequate, posing serious challenges to both public safety and national security. This paper first analyzes the key challenges in detecting low, slow, and small (LSS) targets, including coping with agile and unpredictable targets, swarm−flying targets, as well as new types of drones such as fully autonomous and infrared/fiber−optic guided models. Then the paper compares the advantages and disadvantages of existing detection technologies, noting current problems such as the difficulty of adapting to different scenarios when using a single detection technology, and the inefficiency of coordination when combining multiple detection devices. Based on this analysis, it proposes measures for detecting and managing LSS targets, including focusing on the development of technologies such as wideband imaging and integrated sensing−communication, as well as using multi−source and multi−platform information fusion to build a networked collaborative detection system, thereby achieving real−time awareness of the low−altitude airspace. Furthermore, it explores integrated approaches combining technological tools with regulatory frameworks to enable efficient supervision of LSS targets through a combination of technological and policy measures. These include the formulation of laws and regulations, the enforcement of penalties for violations, and the establishment of regulatory systems. Finally, the paper proposes starting from pilot programs, with a planned and phased approach to the development and utilization of low−altitude airspace, all aimed at ensuring the healthy development of the low−altitude economy and maintaining the security and controllability of low−altitude airspace.
, authors=null, authorsList=Jun ZHOU, Baode LIN, Xing LI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Xing LI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=
All rights reserved. Unauthorized reproduction is prohibited., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1251559149482491945, articleId=1251559143883097015, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, language=CN, title=低慢小目标探测与管控措施, columnId=1150494643549991220, journalTitle=科技导报, columnName=政策建议, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
低空经济作为国家战略新兴产业,正成为推动未来经济发展的新引擎,其特征表现为异构性、高密度、高频率和高复杂度。面对这一趋势,低空安防亟需从重点区域防护转变为全域安全管控,不仅要应对“黑飞”无人机,还要综合监管合作与非合作目标。然而,国内在无人机探测与管控方面存在滞后,已成为影响公共和国防安全的重大隐患。首先分析低慢小目标探测面临的主要难点,包括应对灵活多变目标、集群飞行目标以及全自主和红外/光纤引导型等新型无人机目标。然后对比现有探测技术的优缺点,当前主要存在单种探测技术难以应对不同场景、多种探测设备结合难以有效协同等问题。在此基础上,提出低慢小目标探测与管控措施,主要包括重点发展宽带成像、通感一体等技术,以及采用多源多平台信息融合构建网络化协同探测体系,实现对低空全域态势的实时感知。同时,聚焦如何通过技术手段与政策手段的结合,实现对低慢小目标的高效监管,包括法律法规建设、违规行为处罚、监管系统构建等手段。最后提出从局部试点入手,有计划、分阶段开发和利用低空的设想,旨在为低空经济的健康发展提供保障,确保低空空域安全可控。
, authors=
, authorsList=周军, 林保德, 李杏, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=李杏, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
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版权所有,未经授权,不得转载。, copyrightOwner=《科技导报》编辑部, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=JOQ1TWmFifdtS5fHL4e9Dw==, magXml=H1JvHSoEJYG4E5PZ7zrPbQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=OJNneZ9QtzM8dXtOKA8CfQ==, pdfFileSize=3833439, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=nqRU/LqEbJex+lJrFdRYQQ==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=HVXQq23YPsG4AInR1bvI0Q==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1251567851971232485, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1251559143883097015, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=jzhou@sjtu.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1251567853648954091, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1251559143883097015, authorId=1251567851971232485, language=EN, stringName=Jun ZHOU, firstName=Jun, middleName=null, lastName=ZHOU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
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1Division of Frontier Innovation Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1251567853778977517, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1251559143883097015, authorId=1251567851971232485, language=CN, stringName=周军, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
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1上海交通大学前沿创新研究院,上海 200240, bio={"content":"
周军,副研究员,研究方向为前沿科技趋势与成果转化,电子信箱:jzhou@sjtu.edu.cn
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2Department of Electronic Engineering, School of Integrated Circuit, State Key Laboratory of Photonics and Communications, Intelligent Microwave Lightwave Integration Innovation Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1251567854152270606, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1251559143883097015, authorId=1251567853984498429, language=CN, stringName=林保德, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
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2上海交通大学集成电路学院电子工程系,光子传输与通信全国重点实验室,智能微波光波融合创新中心,上海 200240, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1251567851866374877, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1251559143883097015, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1251567851878957791, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1251559143883097015, companyId=1251567851866374877, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
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2上海交通大学集成电路学院电子工程系,光子传输与通信全国重点实验室,智能微波光波融合创新中心,上海 200240)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1251567854663975727, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1251559143883097015, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=low, slow, and small targets), Keyword(id=1251567854735278900, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1251559143883097015, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=low−altitude economy), Keyword(id=1251567854814970679, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1251559143883097015, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=drone detection), Keyword(id=1251567854907245373, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1251559143883097015, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=low−altitude safety), Keyword(id=1251567855020491586, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1251559143883097015, language=EN, orderNo=5, keyword=control measures), Keyword(id=1251567855133737804, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1251559143883097015, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=低慢小目标), Keyword(id=1251567855322481488, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1251559143883097015, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=低空经济), Keyword(id=1251567855423144791, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1251559143883097015, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=无人机探测), Keyword(id=1251567855519613793, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1251559143883097015, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=低空安全), Keyword(id=1251567855628665702, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1251559143883097015, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=管控措施)], refs=[Reference(id=1251567858606621627, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1251559143883097015, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=中华人民共和国中央人民政府. 李强作的政府工作报告(摘登) [EB/OL]. (2026−03−05) [2026−03−06].
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技术 手段 | 输出目标信息 | 优势 | | 劣势 |
|---|
| 雷达 | 方位、距离、 高度、速度、 目标成像等 | 全天时全天候;探测距离远,最高可达10 km;探测精度高,角度、高度、距离等信息准确;可同时跟踪多目标; 成像雷达可成像 | | 需要发射电磁波,辐射大;单台成本高;对低空地杂波、环境等敏感;较难探测慢速或悬停目标 |
| 光电 | 方位、距离、 高度、速度、 目标成像等 | 可成像,便于识别;目标探测跟踪精度高;被动光学隐蔽性强 | | 受气候影响较大;高精度光电设备成本极高,而低成本设备精度有限,性能和价格无法平衡;探测范围有限,一般2~3 km,且需要引导 |
| 声波 | 方位 | 设备简单,成本低;可探测无线电静默无人机;无辐射,隐蔽性强 | | 探测距离近,安静环境100~200 m,嘈杂环境可能低于50 m;对环境噪音、气象条件敏感,易失效;需维护声纹库,无法识别未知机型 |
| 无线电 | 方位、距离 | 部署简便;绿色环保无电磁辐射;探测距离远,可达5~10 km;测向精度视体制不同,在2°~10°以内 | | 精度低;单站无法给出目标距离信息;无法探测无线电静默状态无人机;无法发现不在目标信息库的无人机 |
高清 摄像头 | 方位、 目标成像 | 可高清成像,识别准确率高;无辐射;成本相对低,技术成熟,易集成 | | 远距离目标成像效果差;不能同时探测相隔较大的多个目标;受天气影响大,夜晚、雾天、雨天使用效果差 |
), ArticleFig(id=1251567858241717163, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146031591421210625, articleId=1251559143883097015, language=CN, label=表1, caption=
当前主要的无人机探测技术
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
技术 手段 | 输出目标信息 | 优势 | | 劣势 |
|---|
| 雷达 | 方位、距离、 高度、速度、 目标成像等 | 全天时全天候;探测距离远,最高可达10 km;探测精度高,角度、高度、距离等信息准确;可同时跟踪多目标; 成像雷达可成像 | | 需要发射电磁波,辐射大;单台成本高;对低空地杂波、环境等敏感;较难探测慢速或悬停目标 |
| 光电 | 方位、距离、 高度、速度、 目标成像等 | 可成像,便于识别;目标探测跟踪精度高;被动光学隐蔽性强 | | 受气候影响较大;高精度光电设备成本极高,而低成本设备精度有限,性能和价格无法平衡;探测范围有限,一般2~3 km,且需要引导 |
| 声波 | 方位 | 设备简单,成本低;可探测无线电静默无人机;无辐射,隐蔽性强 | | 探测距离近,安静环境100~200 m,嘈杂环境可能低于50 m;对环境噪音、气象条件敏感,易失效;需维护声纹库,无法识别未知机型 |
| 无线电 | 方位、距离 | 部署简便;绿色环保无电磁辐射;探测距离远,可达5~10 km;测向精度视体制不同,在2°~10°以内 | | 精度低;单站无法给出目标距离信息;无法探测无线电静默状态无人机;无法发现不在目标信息库的无人机 |
高清 摄像头 | 方位、 目标成像 | 可高清成像,识别准确率高;无辐射;成本相对低,技术成熟,易集成 | | 远距离目标成像效果差;不能同时探测相隔较大的多个目标;受天气影响大,夜晚、雾天、雨天使用效果差 |
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